Amasistimu wokuzenzakalela asekelwe ku-Foundation Fieldbus

I-Foundation Fieldbus iwuhlelo lokuxhumana lwedijithali olusetshenziswa ku-automation kanye ne-Profibus, i-Modbus noma i-HART. Ubuchwepheshe buvele kamuva kunabaqhudelana nabo: uhlelo lokuqala lwezinga elijwayelekile luhlehlela emuva ku-1996 futhi okwamanje luhlanganisa izivumelwano ezimbili zokushintshana kolwazi phakathi kwabahlanganyeli benethiwekhi - i-H1 ne-HSE (i-High Speed ​​​​Ethernet).

Протокол H1 применяется для информационного обмена на уровне датчиков и контроллеров, а его сеть основывается на стандарте физического уровня МЭК 61158-2, допуская скорость передачи данных 31,25 кбит/с. При этом питание полевых устройств возможно организовать от шины передачи данных. Сеть HSE основана на высокоскоростных сетях Ethernet (100/1000 Мбит/с) и используется для построения сети АСУ ТП на уровне контроллеров и систем управления предприятием.

Ubuchwepheshe busebenza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokulawula inqubo ezizenzakalelayo zanoma yiziphi izikhungo zezimboni, kodwa busakazeke kakhulu emabhizinisini embonini kawoyela negesi kanye nasembonini yamakhemikhali.

Amakhono ezobuchwepheshe

I-Foundation Fieldbus yathuthukiswa njengenye indlela yemodeli yendabuko yezinhlelo zokulawula ezizenzakalelayo ezisekelwe kuzinzwa ze-analog futhi inezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kokubili kwemodeli yendabuko kanye nezinhlelo zedijithali ezisekelwe ku-Profibus noma i-HART.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko izinga eliphezulu lokuthembeka nokubekezelelana kwamaphutha kwezinhlelo I-Fieldbus yesisekelo H1, efinyelelwa ngenxa yezinto ezimbili:

• ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi ahlakaniphile (izinzwa nama-actuator) ezingeni lensimu;
• ikhono lokuhlela ukushintshana kolwazi ngokuqondile phakathi kwamadivayisi asezingeni lenkundla ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela komlawuli.

Ubuhlakani bamadivayisi ensimu bulele emandleni okusebenzisa ukulawula nolwazi lokucubungula ama-algorithms asetshenziswa ngokwesiko kusilawuli. Empeleni, lokhu kuvumela isistimu ukuthi iqhubeke nokusebenza ngisho noma isilawuli sehluleka. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi amadivayisi enkambu amiswe ngendlela efanele futhi kuhlinzekwe ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthembekile kwebhasi lebhasi.

Izinzuzo ezengeziwe ezitholakala ekufakweni kwedijithali kwesistimu yokulawula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ezihlakaniphile zihlanganisa ikhono lokuthola idatha eyengeziwe engaphezu kwesilinganiso kusuka kudivayisi ngayinye yasensimini, ekugcineni kwandise ububanzi bokuqapha inqubo ukuthi ezinhlelweni ze-analogi zendabuko zikhawulelwe ohlelweni lokufakwayo/okukhiphayo lwesignali. . .

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-topology yebhasi kunethiwekhi ye-H1 kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ubude bezintambo zekhebula, inani lomsebenzi wokufaka, futhi kuqedwe ukusetshenziswa kwemishini eyengeziwe ezinhlelweni zokulawula: amamojula okufaka / okukhiphayo, izinsiza zikagesi, nasezindaweni eziyingozi - imigoqo yokuvikela inhlansi.

I-Fieldbus yesisekelo I-H1 ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo zokuxhumana zezinzwa ezingu-4-20 mA, ezingasetshenziswa lapho kuthuthukiswa izinhlelo zokulawula ezindala. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezimiso zokuphepha zangaphakathi, ubuchwepheshe busetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezineziqhumane. Ukumisa ngokwako kuqinisekisa ukushintshashintsha nokuhambisana kwemishini evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, futhi ngenxa yamadivayisi wesango kungenzeka ukuxhumana nenethiwekhi yamadivayisi ensimu kanye nenethiwekhi yesistimu yokulawula izimboni yamabhizinisi akhelwe ku-Ethernet.

I-Foundation Fieldbus H1 ifana kakhulu nezinhlelo ze-Profibus PA. Bobabili ubuchwepheshe busekelwe ezingeni elifanayo lesendlalelo somzimba, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlelo zinezilinganiso ezifanayo zokudlulisa idatha, ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi yaseManchester, imingcele kagesi yolayini wokuxhumana, inani lamandla adluliselwe okungenzeka, kanye nobude obuphezulu bekhebula obuvunyelwe kunethiwekhi. ingxenye (1900 m). Futhi, kuzo zombili izinhlelo kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise abaphindayo abafika kwabangu-4, ngenxa yokuthi ubude besigaba bungafinyelela ku-9,5 km. Ama-topology enethiwekhi angenzeka ohlelweni lokulawula, kanye nezimiso zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwangaphakathi, zivamile.

Izingxenye zesistimu

Izinto ezisemqoka zenethiwekhi ye-Foundation Fieldbus H1 yilezi:

• isilawuli sesistimu yokulawula i-decentralized control (DCS);
• izinsiza zikagesi ze-fieldbus;
• block noma amadivaysi e-modular interface;
• izinqamuli zamabhasi;
• imishini yasensimini ehlakaniphile.

Isistimu ingase futhi iqukathe amadivayisi wesango (Idivayisi Yokuxhumanisa), iziguquli zephrothokholi, ama-SPD neziphindaphinda.

I-topology yenethiwekhi

Umqondo obalulekile kunethiwekhi ye-H1 umqondo wesigaba. Iwulayini wokuxhumana oyinhloko (Trunk), onamagatsha asuka kuwo (Spur), okuxhunywe kuwo amadivaysi asensimini. Ikhebula le-trunk liqala emthonjeni wamandla webhasi futhi ngokuvamile ligcina kudivayisi yesixhumi esibonakalayo sokugcina. Izinhlobo ezine ze-topology zivunyelwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwesilawuli nemishini yasensimini: iphuzu-kuya-iphuzu, iluphu, ibhasi nesihlahla. Ingxenye ngayinye ingakhiwa kusetshenziswa i-topology ehlukile noma kusetshenziswa izinhlanganisela zazo.

Nge-topology ye-point-to-point, idivayisi ngayinye yasensimini ixhunywe ngokuqondile kusilawuli. Kulesi simo, idivayisi ngayinye exhunyiwe yenza ingxenye yayo yenethiwekhi. Le topology ayilungile ngoba incisha uhlelo cishe zonke izinzuzo ezitholakala ku-Foundation Fieldbus. Kukhona ukuxhumana okuningi kakhulu kusilawuli, futhi ukuze unike amandla izisetshenziswa zenkundla ezivela ebhasini ledatha, ulayini wokuxhumana ngamunye kufanele ube nogesi wawo webhasi. Ubude bemigqa yokuxhumana buba bude kakhulu, futhi ukushintshaniswa kolwazi phakathi kwamadivayisi kwenziwa kuphela ngesilawuli, esingavumeli ukusebenzisa isimiso sokubekezelela amaphutha aphezulu wezinhlelo ze-H1.

I-loop topology isho ukuxhumana kwe-serial kwemishini yasensimini enye nenye. Lapha, wonke amadivayisi asensimini ahlanganiswa abe ingxenye eyodwa, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, le topology nayo inezimo ezimbi - okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunikeza izindlela lapho ukwehluleka kwesinye sezinzwa eziphakathi kungeke kuholele ekulahlekelweni kokuxhumana nabanye. Enye i-drawback ichazwa ukuntuleka kokuvikela ngokumelene nesifunda esifushane emgqeni wokuxhumana, lapho ukushintshaniswa kolwazi engxenyeni kungenakwenzeka.

Amanye ama-topology amabili enethiwekhi anokwethenjwa okukhulu kakhulu nokusebenzayo - i-topology yebhasi nezihlahla, ezithole ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu ekusebenzeni lapho kwakhiwa amanethiwekhi e-H1. Umqondo walezi topology ukusebenzisa amadivaysi interface ukuxhuma amadivaysi ensimini nomgogodla. Amadivayisi wokuhlanganisa avumela idivayisi ngayinye yasensimini ukuthi ixhunywe kusixhumi esibonakalayo sayo.

Izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi

Imibuzo ebalulekile lapho kwakhiwa inethiwekhi ye-H1 yimingcele yayo ebonakalayo - zingaki izisetshenziswa zensimu ezingasetshenziswa engxenyeni, ubude obungakanani besigaba, amagatsha angaba isikhathi esingakanani. Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zincike ohlotsheni lokuphakelwa kukagesi nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini yasensimini, nasezindaweni eziyingozi, izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwangaphakathi.

Inombolo enkulu yamadivayisi enkambu esigabeni (32) angafinyelelwa kuphela uma enikwa amandla kusukela kumithombo yendawo esizeni futhi uma ukuphepha kwangaphakathi kungatholakali. Uma unika amandla izinzwa nama-actuator kusuka kubhasi ledatha, inombolo enkulu yamadivayisi ingaba ngu-12 noma ngaphansi kuphela kuye ngezindlela zokuphepha zangaphakathi.

Ukuncika kwenombolo yamadivayisi enkambu endleleni yokuphakelwa kwamandla kanye nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwangaphakathi.

Ubude bengxenye yenethiwekhi bunqunywa uhlobo lwekhebula elisetshenzisiwe. Ubude obuphelele obungu-1900 m bufinyelelwa uma kusetshenziswa ikhebula lohlobo A (ipheya elisontekile elinesihlangu). Uma usebenzisa uhlobo lwekhebula D (hhayi ikhebula elisontekile le-multicore elinesihlangu esivamile) - kuphela amamitha angu-200. Ubude bengxenye buqondwa njengesamba sobude bekhebula eliyinhloko nawo wonke amagatsha asuka kuwo.

Ukuncika kobude besegimenti ohlotsheni lwekhebula.

Ubude bamagatsha buncike enanini lamadivayisi esigabeni senethiwekhi. Ngakho-ke, ngenani lamadivayisi afinyelela ku-12, lokhu kungumkhawulo wamamitha angu-120. Uma usebenzisa amadivaysi angu-32 engxenyeni, ubude obukhulu bamagatsha buzoba yi-1 m kuphela. Uma uxhuma amadivayisi wensimu nge-loop, idivayisi ngayinye eyengeziwe inciphisa ubude begatsha ngamamitha angama-30.

Ukuncika kobude bamagatsha kusukela kukhebuli eyinhloko enanini lamadivayisi ensimu esigabeni.

Zonke lezi zici zithinta ngqo ukwakheka kanye ne-topology yohlelo. Ukusheshisa inqubo yokuklama inethiwekhi, amaphakheji esofthiwe akhethekile asetshenziswa, njenge-DesignMate evela ku-FieldComm Group noma i-Fieldbus Network Planner evela ku-Phoenix Contact. Izinhlelo zikuvumela ukubala imingcele engokwenyama nekagesi yenethiwekhi ye-H1, ngokucabangela yonke imingcele engenzeka.

Inhloso yezingxenye zesistimu

Isilawuli

Umsebenzi wesilawuli ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ye-Link Active Scheduler (LAS), idivayisi eyinhloko elawula inethiwekhi ngokuthumela imilayezo yesevisi. I-LAS iqala ukushintshana kolwazi phakathi kwabahlanganyeli benethiwekhi ngemilayezo ehleliwe (ehleliwe) noma engahleliwe, ixilonga futhi ivumelanise wonke amadivayisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilawuli sinesibopho sokubhekana nokuzenzakalelayo kwamadivayisi wensimu futhi sisebenza njengedivayisi yesango, sinikeza isikhombimsebenzisi se-Ethernet sokuxhumana nezinga eliphezulu lesistimu yokulawula esekelwe ku-Foundation Fieldbus HSE noma enye iphrothokholi yokuxhumana. Ezingeni eliphezulu lesistimu, isilawuli sinikeza imisebenzi yokuqapha nokulawula u-opharetha, kanye nemisebenzi yokucushwa okukude kwamadivayisi wensimu.

Kungase kube khona Izihleli Zesixhumanisi Ezisebenzayo ezimbalwa kunethiwekhi, eziqinisekisa ukunganaki kwemisebenzi eshumekwe kuzo. Ezinhlelweni zanamuhla, imisebenzi ye-LAS ingasetshenziswa kudivayisi yesango esebenza njengesiguquli sephrothokholi sezinhlelo zokulawula ezakhelwe kwelinye izinga ngaphandle kwe-Foundation Fieldbus HSE.

Izinsiza zikagesi ze-Fieldbus

Isistimu yokuphakela amandla kunethiwekhi ye-H1 idlala indima ebalulekile, ngoba ukuze ukushintshaniswa kwedatha kwenzeke, i-voltage kukhebula yedatha kufanele igcinwe kububanzi obungu-9 kuya ku-32 V DC. Ukuthi amadivaysi asenkambu anikwa amandla yibhasi ledatha noma amandla kagesi, inethiwekhi idinga ukunikezwa kwamandla ebhasi.

Ngakho-ke, inhloso yabo eyinhloko ukugcina amapharamitha kagesi adingekayo ebhasini, kanye namandla amadivaysi axhunywe kunethiwekhi. Amandla kagesi wamabhasi ahlukile kumandla kagesi ajwayelekile ngoba anomphumela ohambisanayo wokuphuma kwesekethe kumafrikhwensi wokudluliswa kwedatha. Uma usebenzisa ngokuqondile amandla kagesi angu-1 noma angu-12 V ukuze unike amandla inethiwekhi ye-H24, isignali izolahleka futhi ukushintshaniswa kolwazi ebhasini ngeke kwenzeke.

I-Redundant fieldbus power supply FB-PS (umhlangano wamasegimenti angu-4).

Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kokuhlinzeka ngamandla ebhasi athembekile, amandla kagesi engxenyeni ngayinye yenethiwekhi angaba angasebenzi. I-Phoenix Contact FB-PS izinsiza zamandla zisekela ubuchwepheshe be-Auto Current Balancing. I-ASV inikeza umthwalo olinganayo phakathi kwemithombo yamandla, enomthelela onenzuzo ezimweni zabo zokushisa futhi ekugcineni iholela ekwandeni kwempilo yabo yesevisi.

Uhlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla lwe-H1 luvamise ukutholakala kukhabhinethi yesilawuli.

Amadivayisi e-interface

Amadivaysi okuhlanganisa aklanyelwe ukuxhuma iqoqo lamadivayisi ensimu ebhasini ledatha elikhulu. Ngokusekelwe emisebenzini abayenzayo, ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: amamojula okuvikela ingxenye (Abavikeli Bengxenye) kanye nezithiyo zenkambu (Izithiyo Zenkundla).

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni, amadivaysi e-interface avikela inethiwekhi kumasekethe amafushane nama-overcurrents emigqeni ephumayo. Uma isifunda esifushane senzeka, idivayisi yesixhumi esibonakalayo ivimba imbobo ye-interface, ivimbela isifunda esifushane ukuthi singasabalali ohlelweni futhi ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekise ukushintshana kolwazi phakathi kwamanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi. Ngemva kokuqeda isifunda esifushane kulayini, imbobo yokuxhumana eyayivinjwe ngaphambilini iqala ukusebenza futhi.

Izithiyo zasensimini ngaphezu kwalokho zihlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-galvanic phakathi kwamasekhethi angaphephile ebhasini amakhulu kanye namasekhethi aphephile angaphakathi emishini yasensimini exhunyiwe (amagatsha).

Ngokomzimba, amadivaysi e-interface nawo ayizinhlobo ezimbili - i-block ne-modular. Vimba amadivayisi asebenzisanayo ohlobo lwe-FB-12SP anokusebenza kokuvikela ingxenye akuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amasekhethi e-IC aphephile ukuze uxhume izisetshenziswa zenkambu ku-Zone 2, kanye nemingcele yenkundla ye-FB-12SP ISO ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume amadivayisi ku-Zones 1 kanye no-0 usebenzisa i-IA ephephile ngaphakathi. izifunda.

FB-12SP kanye FB-6SP couplers kusukela Phoenix Contact.

Enye yezinzuzo zamadivaysi e-modular yikhono lokukala isistimu ngokukhetha inani lamashaneli adingekayo ukuze kuxhunywe amadivaysi asensimini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivaysi e-modular avumela ukudalwa kwezakhiwo eziguquguqukayo. Ekhabetheni elilodwa lokusabalalisa kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa amamojula okuvikela ingxenye kanye nezithiyo zensimu, okungukuthi, ukuxhuma amadivaysi ensimu atholakala ezindaweni eziyingozi zokuqhuma ezihlukene kusuka kukhabhinethi eyodwa. Sekukonke, kungafakwa amamojula we-FB-12SP eziteshi ezimbili noma isiteshi esisodwa se-FB-ISO angafakwa ebhasini elilodwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuxhunywe kusuka kukhabhinethi eyodwa kuya kumishini yasensimini engama-2 ku-Zone 24 noma kufika kuzinzwa eziyi-2 ku-Zone 12 noma 1.

Amadivayisi wesixhumi esibonakalayo angasetshenziswa ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa futhi afakwe ezindaweni ezingaqhumeki i-Ex e, Ex d enezinga elithile lothuli nokuvikelwa komswakama okungenani kwe-IP54, okuhlanganisa okuseduze ngangokunokwenzeka entweni yokulawula.

Amadivayisi okuvikela ama-surge

Amanethiwekhi weleveli yenkundla ye-H1 angakha amasegimenti amade kakhulu, futhi imigqa yokuxhumana ingasebenza ezindaweni lapho kungenzeka khona ukwanda kokuhlinzwa. Ama-pulse overvoltages aqondwa njengomehluko ongaba khona obangelwa ukuphuma kombani noma amasekhethi amafushane emigqeni yekhebula eseduze. I-voltage engenisiwe, ubukhulu bayo obuku-oda lama-kilovolts amaningana, ibangela ukugeleza kwemisinga yokukhishwa kwama-kiloamperes. Zonke lezi zenzakalo zenzeka ngaphakathi kwama-microsecond, kodwa zingaholela ekwehluleka kwezingxenye zenethiwekhi ye-H1. Ukuze uvikele izinto zokusebenza ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-SPD. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-SPD esikhundleni samatheminali okuphakelayo ajwayelekile kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile nokuphephile kwesistimu ezimeni ezimbi.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwayo sisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwesekethe ye-quasi-short ebangeni le-nanosecond lokugeleza kwemisinga yokukhishwa kumjikelezo esebenzisa izakhi ezingakwazi ukumelana nokugeleza kwemisinga yobukhulu obunjalo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zama-SPD: isiteshi esisodwa, isiteshi esiphindwe kabili, esinamapulaki ashintshwayo, anezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuxilonga - ngendlela yokucwayiza, ukuthintana okomile. Amathuluzi okuxilonga asezingeni eliphezulu avela ku-Phoenix Contact akuvumela ukuthi uqaphe abavikeli abahlinzayo usebenzisa amasevisi edijithali asekelwe ku-Ethernet. Imboni yenkampani e-Russia ikhiqiza amadivayisi agunyazwe ukuthi asetshenziswe ezindaweni eziqhumayo, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ze-Foundation Fieldbus.

Isinqamuli sebhasi

I-terminator yenza imisebenzi emibili kunethiwekhi - ivala ibhasi lamanje, elivela ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesignali futhi ivimbele isignali ukuthi ibonakale kusukela ekugcineni komugqa oyinhloko, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukubonakala komsindo ne-jitter (isigaba se-jitter). yesiginali yedijithali). Ngakho-ke, isinqamuli sikuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukubonakala kwedatha engalungile kunethiwekhi noma ukulahleka kwedatha ngokuphelele.

В каждом сегменте сети H1 обязательно наличие двух терминаторов, на каждом из концов сегмента. Источники питания шины и устройства сопряжения Phoenix Contact комплектуются отключаемыми терминаторами. Наличие лишних терминаторов в сети, например, вследствие ошибки будет значительно снижать уровень сигнала в интерфейсной линии.

Ukushintshisana ngolwazi phakathi kwamasegimenti

Ukushintshana ngolwazi phakathi kwamadivayisi asensimini akukhawulelwe engxenyeni eyodwa, kodwa kungenzeka phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene zenethiwekhi, ezingaxhunywa ngesilawuli noma inethiwekhi yebhizinisi esekwe ku-Ethernet. Kulokhu, iphrothokholi ye-Foundation Fieldbus HSE noma ethandwa kakhulu, isibonelo, i-Modbus TCP, ingasetshenziswa.

Lapho kwakhiwa inethiwekhi ye-HSE, kusetshenziswa amaswishi ebanga lezimboni. Iphrothokholi ivumela ukuphinda kwendandatho. Kulokhu, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ku-topology yendandatho, ukushintshwa kufanele kusebenzise enye yezivumelwano zokuphindaphinda (RSTP, MRP noma Extended Ring Redundancy) kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo sokuhlangana kwenethiwekhi lapho iziteshi zokuxhumana ziphukile.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-HSE nezinhlelo zezinkampani zangaphandle kungenzeka kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-OPC.

Izindlela zokufakazela ukuqhuma

Ukwakha uhlelo lokuvimbela ukuqhuma, akwanele ukuqondiswa kuphela izici zokuqhuma kwemishini kanye nokukhetha indawo yayo efanele kusayithi. Ngaphakathi kwesistimu, idivayisi ngayinye ayisebenzi yodwa, kodwa isebenza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi eyodwa. Kumanethiwekhi e-Foundation Fieldbus H1, ukushintshaniswa kolwazi phakathi kwamadivayisi atholakala ezindaweni eziyingozi ezihlukene akubandakanyi nje ukudluliselwa kwedatha, kodwa futhi nokudluliswa kwamandla kagesi. Inani lamandla elamukelekile endaweni ethile lingase lingamukeleki kwenye. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola ukuphepha kokuqhuma kwamanethiwekhi enkundla bese ukhetha indlela efanele yokuqinisekisa lokho, kusetshenziswa indlela ehlelekile. Phakathi kwalezi zindlela, izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwangaphakathi yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Uma kuziwa kuma-fieldbus, okwamanje kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokufinyelela ukuphepha kwangaphakathi: indlela yendabuko ye-IS barrier, umqondo we-FISCO kanye nobuchwepheshe be-High Power Trunk (HPT).

Eyokuqala isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezithiyo ze-IS futhi isebenzisa umqondo ofakazelwe oye wasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezisekelwe kumasiginali we-analog we-4-20 mA. Le ndlela ilula futhi ithembekile, kodwa ikhawulela ukunikezwa kwamandla kumadivayisi asensimini ezindaweni eziyingozi 0 kanye no-1 kuya ku-80 mA. Kulokhu, ngokusho kwesibikezelo esinethemba, kungenzeka ukuxhuma izisetshenziswa zensimu ezingaphezu kwezi-4 ngesegimenti ngayinye ngokusetshenziswa kwe-20 mA, kodwa ekusebenzeni okungaphezu kuka-2. Kulokhu, uhlelo lulahlekelwa yizo zonke izinzuzo ezikhona. ku-Foundation Fieldbus futhi empeleni iholela ku-topology yephuzu-kuya-iphuzu, lapho ukuxhuma inombolo enkulu yamadivayisi wensimu, uhlelo kufanele luhlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningi. Le ndlela ibuye inciphise ngokuphawulekayo ubude bekhebula eliyinhloko namagatsha.

Umqondo we-FISCO wathuthukiswa yi-“National Metroological Institute of Germany” futhi kamuva wafakwa ezindinganisweni ze-IEC, kwase kuba yi-GOST. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwangaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yenkundla, umqondo ubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezihlangabezana nemikhawulo ethile. Imikhawulo efanayo yenzelwe ukunikezwa kwamandla ngokwemibandela yamandla okukhiphayo, kumadivayisi asensimini ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye ne-inductance, kumakhebula ngokuya ngokumelana, amandla kanye ne-inductance. Imikhawulo enjalo ingenxa yokuthi izakhi ze-capacitive kanye ne-inductive zingaqongelela amandla, okuthi esimweni esiphuthumayo, uma kwenzeka umonakalo kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu, ingakhululwa futhi ibangele ukukhishwa kwe-spark. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mqondo uvimbela ukusetshenziswa kokuphelelwa umsebenzi ohlelweni lwamandla amabhasi.

I-FISCO ihlinzeka ngomthamo omkhulu wamanje wokunika amandla amadivayisi ezindaweni eziyingozi uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokuvimbela insimu. I-115 mA iyatholakala lapha, engasetshenziswa ukunika amandla amadivayisi angu-4-5 esigabeni. Nokho, kukhona futhi imikhawulo ubude ikhebula main namagatsha.

Ubuchwepheshe be-High Power Trunk njengamanje buwubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokuphepha bangaphakathi kumanethiwekhi we-Foundation Fieldbus ngoba abunawo ubungozi obukhona kumanethiwekhi avikelwe yizithiyo noma e-FISCO. Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-HPT, kungenzeka ukufeza umkhawulo wamadivayisi asensimini engxenyeni yenethiwekhi.

Ubuchwepheshe abukhawuleli imingcele kagesi yenethiwekhi lapho lokhu kungadingeki khona, isibonelo, emgqeni wokuxhumana we-backbone, lapho kungenasidingo sokugcinwa nokushintshwa kwemishini. Ukuxhuma amadivaysi ensimu atholakala endaweni yokuqhuma, kusetshenziswe amadivaysi e-interface anokusebenza kwezithiyo zensimu, ezikhawulela imingcele kagesi yenethiwekhi yokunika amandla izinzwa futhi atholakala ngqo eduze kwento yokulawula. Kulokhu, uhlobo lokuvikela ukuqhuma i-Ex e (ukuvikela okukhulisiwe) isetshenziswa kuyo yonke ingxenye.

Source: www.habr.com