Isignali esetshenziswa izindiza ukuze zithole indawo yokuhlala ingaqanjwa nge-walkie-talkie engu-$600.
Indiza ekhombisa ukuhlasela emsakazweni ngenxa yamasignali angcolile. uhlala kwesokudla somgwaqo wezindiza
Cishe zonke izindiza eziye zandiza eminyakeni engu-50 edlule—kungaba i-Cessna enenjini eyodwa noma indiza enkulu ethwala abantu abangu-600—iye yathembela emisakazoni ukuba yehlele ngokuphepha ezikhumulweni zezindiza. Lawa masistimu okuhlalisa amathuluzi (ILS) athathwa njengamasistimu endlela yokunemba ngoba, ngokungafani ne-GPS namanye amasistimu okuzulazula, ahlinzeka ngolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela olumayelana nokuma okuvundlile kwendiza ngokuhlobene nendawo yokuma kwayo. umugqa kanye ne-engeli eqondile yokwehla. Ezimweni eziningi - ikakhulukazi lapho ifika enkungu noma imvula ebusuku - lokhu kuzulazula komsakazo kuhlala kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza ithinta phansi ekuqaleni komzila wezindiza futhi phakathi nendawo.
Njengobunye ubuchwepheshe obuningi obakhiwe esikhathini esedlule, i-KGS ayizange inikeze isivikelo ekugetshengeni. Amasignali omsakazo awabethelwe futhi ubuqiniso bawo abunakuqinisekiswa. Abashayeli bezindiza bamane bacabange ukuthi amasiginali alalelwayo amasistimu abo awatholayo kumafrikhwensi abawabelwe esikhumulweni sezindiza amasignali angempela asakazwa umqhubi wesikhumulo sezindiza. Iminyaka eminingi, leli phutha lezokuphepha alizange libonwe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi izindleko nobunzima bokwephulwa kwesignali kwenza ukuhlasela kube yize.
Kodwa manje abacwaningi sebesungule indlela yokugebenga ebiza kancane ephakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuphepha kwe-CGS esetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izikhumulo zezindiza ezingabantu emhlabeni wezimboni. Isebenzisa umsakazo we-$600 , abacwaningi bangakwazi ukuphambanisa izimpawu zesikhumulo sezindiza ukuze amathuluzi okuqondisa omshayeli abonise ukuthi indiza ayisekho endleleni. Ngokusho kokuqeqeshwa, umshayeli wendiza kufanele alungise izinga lokwehla noma isimo sengqondo somkhumbi, ngaleyo ndlela adale ingozi yengozi.
Enye indlela yokuhlasela iwukukhohlisa izimpawu zokuthi i-engeli yokwehla incane kunalokho eyikho ngempela. Umlayezo omgunyathi uqukethe okuthiwa Isignali "yokwehlisa" eyazisa umshayeli wendiza ukuthi akhuphule i-engeli yokwehla, okungenzeka kuphumele ekutheni indiza ithinte phansi ngaphambi kokuqala komzila wezindiza.
Ividiyo ibonisa isignali ephazamisekile engase ibe usongo endizeni ezofika izohlala. Umhlaseli angathumela isignali etshela umshayeli wendiza ukuthi indiza yakhe ingakwesokunxele somzila ophakathi nendawo, kuyilapho indiza igxile ncamashi. Umshayeli wendiza uzosabela ngokudonsela indiza kwesokudla, okuzogcina kuyibangele ukuthi inselele eceleni.
Abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-mpumalanga e-Boston baxoxisane nomshayeli wendiza kanye nochwepheshe bezokuphepha, futhi bayaqaphela ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphamba kwesignali okunjalo cishe kuholele ekuphahlazekeni ezimweni eziningi. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-CGS kuyingozi eyaziwayo yezokuphepha, futhi abashayeli bezindiza abanolwazi bathola ukuqeqeshwa okubanzi kokuthi bangasabela kanjani kukho. Esimweni sezulu esicacile, kuyoba lula kumshayeli wendiza ukuthi abone ukuthi indiza ayihambisani nomugqa ophakathi nendawo, futhi uzokwazi ukuzungeza.
Esinye isizathu sokungabaza okunengqondo ubunzima bokuhlasela. Ngaphezu kwesiteshi somsakazo esihlelekayo, kuzodingeka izimpondo eziqondisayo kanye ne-amplifier. Zonke lezi mishini kungaba nzima kakhulu ukushushumbiswa endizeni uma umgebenga efuna ukuhlasela endizeni. Uma enquma ukuhlasela esuka phansi, kuzothatha umsebenzi omningi ukuhlanganisa imishini ngomugqa wokumisa ngaphandle kokuheha ukunaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhumulo zezindiza zivame ukuqapha ukuthikamezeka kwamaza azwelayo, okungasho ukuthi ukuhlasela kumiswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba kuqale.
Ngo-2012, umcwaningi uBrad Haynes, owaziwa ngokuthi , ohlelweni lwe-ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast), olusetshenziswa indiza ukucacisa indawo ezikuyo futhi idlulisele idatha kwezinye izindiza. Ufingqe ubunzima bokukhohlisa amasiginali we-CGS ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Uma yonke into ihlangana ndawonye - indawo, okokusebenza okufihliwe, izimo zezulu ezimbi, okuqondiwe okulungile, umhlaseli onentshisekelo, okhaliphile futhi onamandla ngokwezimali - kwenzekani? Esimeni esibi kakhulu, indiza yehlela otshanini futhi ukulimala noma ukufa kungenzeka, kodwa idizayini yendiza ephephile kanye namaqembu asabela ngokushesha aqinisekisa ukuthi mancane kakhulu amathuba omlilo omkhulu oholela ekulahlekeni kwayo yonke indiza. Esimeni esinjalo, ukufika kuzomiswa, futhi umhlaseli ngeke esakwazi ukuphinda lokhu. Esimeni esihle kakhulu, umshayeli wendiza uzoqaphela ukungezwani, agcobe ibhulukwe lakhe, akhulise ukuphakama, azungeze, futhi abike ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle nge-CGS - isikhumulo sezindiza sizoqala uphenyo, okusho ukuthi umhlaseli ngeke esafuna hlala eduze.
Ngakho-ke, uma konke kuhlangana ndawonye, umphumela uzoba mncane. Qhathanisa lokhu nesilinganiso sokubuyela ekutshalweni kwezimali kanye nomthelela wezomnotho wesiphukuphuku esisodwa ngendiza eyi-drone engu-$1000 endiza e-Heathrow Airport izinsuku ezimbili. Impela i-drone ibiyindlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi esebenzisekayo kunokuhlasela okunjalo.
Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi bathi zikhona izingozi.” Izindiza ezingahlali phakathi nendawo egelezayo—umugqa ongokomfanekiso indiza ewulandela lapho ihlezi kahle—kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona, ngisho nalapho isimo sezulu sisihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izikhumulo zezindiza ezimatasa, ukuze zigweme ukubambezeleka, ziyala izindiza ukuba zingajahi lapho ziphuthelwe khona, ngisho nalapho zingabonakali kahle. imihlahlandlela yokufika evela ku-US Federal Aviation Administration, ezilandelwa yizikhumulo zezindiza eziningi zase-US, ibonisa ukuthi isinqumo esinjalo kufanele senziwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-15 kuphela. Iziqondiso ezifanayo ziyasebenza eYurophu. Zishiya umshayeli wendiza isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuhosha ngokuphepha ukuhlalisa uma izimo ezizungezile ezibonakalayo zingahambelani nedatha evela ku-CGS.
"Ukuthola nokululama kunoma yikuphi ukwehluleka kwezinsimbi ngesikhathi sezinqubo ezibucayi zokufika kungomunye wemisebenzi eyinselelo enkulu kwezokundiza kwesimanje," abacwaningi babhale ephepheni labo. enesihloko esithi “Wireless attack on aircraft glide path systems”, eyamukelwa ngo . "Njengoba abashayeli bezindiza bathembela kakhulu ku-CGS namathuluzi ngokuvamile, ukwehluleka kanye nokuphazamiseka okunonya kungaba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzimela kanye nokusebenza kwendiza."
Kwenzekani ekuhlulekeni kwe-KGS
Ukufika okuningana eduze nenhlekelele kubonisa ubungozi bokuhluleka kwe-CGS. Ngo-2011, indiza ye-Singapore Airlines i-SQ327, enabagibeli abangu-143 kanye nabasebenzi abangu-15, yavele yabhanka kwesokunxele kuyilapho amamitha angu-10 ngaphezu komgwaqo wezindiza eMunich Airport eJalimane. Ngemva kokufika, i-Boeing 777-300 yachezukela kwesokunxele, yabe isijikela kwesokudla, yeqa umugqa omaphakathi, yafike yahlala negiya lokumisa otshanini kwesokudla somzila wezindiza.
В mayelana nalesi sigameko, eshicilelwe yi-German Federal Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission, kubhalwe ukuthi indiza yeqe indawo yokuhlala ngamamitha angu-500. endizeni. Nakuba kungekho zingozi ezibikiwe, umcimbi ugcizelele ukuhluleka kwezinhlelo ze-CGS. Ezinye izigameko ezibandakanya ukwehluleka kwe-CGS ezicishe zaphela kabuhlungu zihlanganisa indiza yaseNew Zealand i-NZ 60 ngo-2000 kanye nendiza ye-Ryanair FR3531 ngo-2013. Ividiyo ichaza ukuthi yini engahambanga kahle esimweni sakamuva.
UVaibhab Sharma uqhuba imisebenzi yenkampani yonogada yaseSilicon Valley emhlabeni wonke futhi ubelokhu endizisa izindiza ezincane kusukela ngo-2006. Uphinde abe nelayisensi ye-amateur communication operator futhi uyilungu levolontiya le-Civil Air Patrol, lapho aqeqeshwa khona njengomqaphi kanye nomsebenzisi womsakazo. Undizisa indiza ngesifanisi se-X-Plane, ekhombisa ukuhlasela kwe-spoofing okubangela indiza ukuthi yehlele kwesokudla somzila wezindiza.
USharma usitshele:
Ukuhlasela okunjalo kwe-CGS kungokoqobo, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuzoncika ekuhlanganiseni kwezinto, okuhlanganisa ulwazi lomhlaseli lwezinhlelo zokuzulazula emoyeni nezimo lapho asondela khona. Uma isetshenziswe kahle, umhlaseli uzokwazi ukuphambukisa indiza iye ezinkingeni ezizungeze isikhumulo sezindiza, futhi uma kwenziwa ezimweni ezimbi zokungabonakali, kuzoba nzima kakhulu eqenjini lomshayeli ukuthi libone futhi libhekane nokuchezuka.
Uthe lokhu kuhlasela kunamandla okusongela izindiza ezincane namajethi amakhulu, kodwa ngezizathu ezahlukene. Izindiza ezincane zihamba ngesivinini esiphansi. Lokhu kunikeza abashayeli bezindiza isikhathi sokusabela. Amajethi amakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anabasebenzi abaningi abatholakalayo ukuze baphendule izehlakalo ezingezinhle, futhi abashayeli bazo ngokuvamile bathola ukuqeqeshwa okuvamile nokuqinile.
Uthe okubaluleke kakhulu ezindizeni ezinkulu nezincane kuzoba ukuhlola izimo ezizungezile, ikakhulukazi isimo sezulu, ngesikhathi sokuhlala.
"Ukuhlasela okufana nalokhu kungenzeka kuphumelele kakhulu lapho abashayeli bezindiza kufanele bathembele kakhulu emathuluzini ukuze bafike ngempumelelo," kusho u-Sharma. "Lokhu kungaba ukuhlalwa phansi ebusuku ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi ezingabonakali, noma inhlanganisela yezimo ezimbi nendawo yomoya eminyene edinga ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza babe matasa kakhulu, okubashiye bethembele kakhulu emshinini ozenzakalelayo."
U-Aanjan Ranganathan, umcwaningi waseNortheastern University owasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlasela, usitshele ukuthi kuncane ukuthembela ku-GPS ukukusiza uma i-CGS yehluleka. Ukuchezuka emgwaqeni wezindiza ekuhlaseleni kwe-spoof okuphumelelayo kuzosukela kumamitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15, njengoba noma yini enkulu izobonakala kubashayeli bezindiza nabalawuli bethrafikhi yezindiza. I-GPS izoba nobunzima obukhulu ekutholeni ukuchezuka okunjalo. Isizathu sesibili ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuphamba amasignali e-GPS.
"Ngingakwazi ukuphamba i-GPS ngokuhambisana nokukhohlakala kwe-CGS," kusho uRanganathan. "Wonke umbuzo yizinga lokugqugquzela umhlaseli."
Umanduleli we-KGS
Ukuhlolwa kwe-KGS sekuqalile , futhi uhlelo lokuqala lokusebenza lwasetshenziswa ngo-1932 esikhumulweni sezindiza saseJalimane iBerlin-Tempelhof.
I-KGS isalokhu ingenye yezinhlelo zokufika ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ezinye izindlela, isibonelo, , ibhikhoni yendawo, isistimu yokuma komhlaba kanye nezinhlelo ezifanayo zokuzulazula ngesathelayithi zibhekwa njengezingalungile ngoba zinikeza kuphela umumo ovundlile noma obheke eceleni. I-KGS ithathwa njengohlelo olunembile lokuhlangana, njengoba ihlinzeka ngokuma okuvundlile nokuma mpo (indlela yokushibilika). Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinhlelo ezingalungile ziye zasetshenziswa kancane kancane. I-CGS yaya ngokuya ihlotshaniswa nama-autopilots kanye nezinhlelo ze-autolanding.
Isebenza kanjani i-CGS: i-localizer [localizer], i-glide slope [i-glideslope] namabhakhoni omaka [ibhakhoni yomaka]
I-CGS inezingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile. Umsebenzi wasendaweni utshela umshayeli ukuthi indiza isuke iye kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla komzila ophakathi nendawo, futhi indawo etshekayo itshela umshayeli ukuthi i-engeli yokwehla iphakeme kakhulu yini ukuba indiza igeje ukuqala komzila wezindiza. Ingxenye yesithathu amabhakhoni omaka. Zisebenza njengezimpawu ezivumela umshayeli wendiza ukuthi anqume ibanga eliya kumzila wezindiza. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ziye zanda zathathelwa indawo yi-GPS nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
I-localizer isebenzisa amasethi amabili wezimpondo, ikhipha izikhala ezimbili ezihlukene zomsindo - eyodwa ku-90 Hz, nenye ku-150 Hz - kanye nemvamisa eyabelwe enye yezintambo zokumisa. Amalungu afanayo e-antenna atholakala nhlangothi zombili zomzila wezindiza, ngokuvamile ngemva kwendawo yokusuka, ukuze imisindo ikhansele lapho indiza ehlala phansi itholakala ngokuqondile ngaphezu komugqa omaphakathi womzila wezindiza. Inkomba yokuchezuka ibonisa umugqa oqondile phakathi nendawo.
Uma indiza iphambukela kwesokudla, umsindo ongu-150 Hz uzwakala kakhulu, okubangela ukuthi isikhombi sesikhombi sokuchezuka siye kwesokunxele phakathi nendawo. Uma indiza ichezukela kwesokunxele, umsindo ongu-90 Hz uzwakala futhi isikhombisi siya kwesokudla. Isazi sendawo, vele, asikwazi ukumiselela ngokuphelele isilawuli esibonakalayo sesimo sengqondo sendiza; sinikeza ukhiye nezindlela zokuma enembile. Abashayeli bezindiza bamane badinga ukugcina isikhombi sigxilile ukuze bagcine indiza ingaphezu komugqa omaphakathi.
Umthambeka wokushibilika usebenza ngendlela efanayo, kuphela ubonisa i-engeli yokwehla kwendiza uma kuqhathaniswa nasekuqaleni komugqa wokuhlala. Uma i-engeli yendiza iphansi kakhulu, umsindo ongu-90 Hz uzwakala futhi izinsimbi zibonisa ukuthi indiza kufanele yehle. Uma ukwehla kubukhali kakhulu, isignali engu-150 Hz ibonisa ukuthi indiza idinga ukundiza phezulu. Uma indiza ihlezi ku-engeli enqunyiwe yendlela yokushibilika cishe amadigri amathathu, amasignali ayacisha. Ama-antenna amabili endlela yokushibilika atholakala embhoshongweni ekuphakameni okuthile, kunqunywa i-engeli ye-slope eshibilikayo elungele isikhumulo sezindiza esithile. Umbhoshongo uvame ukutholakala eduze nendawo yokuthinta i-strip.
Inkohliso ephelele
Ukuhlasela kwabacwaningi beNyuvesi yaseNyakatho mpumalanga kusebenzisa ama-radio transmitters esofthiwe atholakalayo ukuze athengiselwe. Lawa madivayisi, athengiswa ngama- $400-$600, adlulisa amasignali azenza amasignali angempela athunyelwa yi-SSC yesikhumulo sezindiza. Isidluliseli somhlaseli singatholakala kokubili endizeni ehlaselwe naphansi, ebangeni elingafika ku-5 km ukusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza. Uma nje isignali yomhlaseli idlula amandla esignali yangempela, umamukeli we-KGS uzobona isignali yomhlaseli futhi abonise umumo ohlobene nendlela yendiza eqondile nevundlile ehlelwe umhlaseli.
Uma ukushintshwa kungahleleki kahle, umshayeli wendiza uzobona izinguquko ezingazelelwe noma eziguquguqukayo ekufundweni kwezinsimbi, azozenza ngephutha ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-CGS. Ukwenza okungelona iqiniso kube nzima ukukubona, umhlaseli angacacisa indawo eqondile yendiza esetshenziswayo , isistimu umzuzwana ngamunye odlulisela indawo ye-GPS yendiza, ukuphakama, isivinini esiphansi, nokunye ukwaziswa eziteshini ezingaphansi nakweminye imikhumbi.
Esebenzisa lolu lwazi, umhlaseli angaqala ukuphambanisa isignali lapho indiza esondelayo isuke kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla ngokuhlobene nomzila wezindiza, futhi athumele isignali kumhlaseli ukuthi indiza iqhubeka ngezinga. Isikhathi esifanele sokuhlasela kungaba lapho indiza isanda kudlula indlela, njengoba kuboniswe kuvidiyo yomboniso ekuqaleni kwesihloko.
Umhlaseli angakwazi-ke ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwesignali yesikhathi sangempela kanye ne-algorithm yokwenza i-algorithm ezohlala ilungisa isignali enonya ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi i-offset esuka endleleni efanele ihambisana nakho konke ukunyakaza kwendiza. Ngisho noma umhlaseli engenalo ikhono lokwenza isignali engelona iqiniso, angadida i-CGS kangangokuthi umshayeli wendiza ngeke athembele kuyo ukuthi ihlale phansi.
Okuhlukile okukodwa kwe-spoofing yesignali kwaziwa ngokuthi "ukuhlasela kwethunzi." Umhlaseli uthumela amasignali alungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ngamandla amakhulu kunamasignali asuka kumshicileli wezindiza. Isidlulisi somhlaseli ngokuvamile sizodinga ukuthumela ama-watts wamandla angu-20 ukwenza lokhu. Ukuhlasela kwethunzi kwenza kube lula ukuphamba isignali ngendlela ekholisayo.
I-Shadow Attack
Inketho yesibili yokufaka isiginali yaziwa ngokuthi "ukuhlasela kwethoni eyodwa." Ubuhle bayo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthumela umsindo wemvamisa efanayo ngamandla angaphansi kwalawo we-KGS yesikhumulo sezindiza. Inobubi obuthile, isibonelo, umhlaseli udinga ukwazi kahle imininingwane yendiza - isibonelo, indawo yezinti zayo ze-CGS.
Ukuhlasela kwethoni eyodwa
Azikho izixazululo ezilula
Abacwaningi bathi ayikabi khona indlela yokuqeda usongo lokuhlaselwa ngobuqili. Obunye ubuchwepheshe bokuzulazula—okuhlanganisa ibhikhoni ye-azimuth ye-omnidirectional, ibhikhoni yendawo, isistimu yokuma komhlaba wonke, namasistimu wokuzulazula ngesathelayithi afanayo—amasiginali angenantambo angenayo indlela yokuqinisekisa futhi ngenxa yalokho asengozini yokuhlaselwa ngobuqili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-KGS ne-GPS kuphela enganikeza ulwazi nge-trajectory yendlela evundlile neqondile.
Emsebenzini wabo, abacwaningi babhala:
Iningi lezinkinga zokuphepha ezibhekene nobuchwepheshe obufana , и , ingalungiswa ngokwethula i-cryptography. Kodwa-ke, i-cryptography ngeke yanele ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwendawo. Isibonelo, ukubethela kwesignali ye-GPS, okufana nobuchwepheshe bokuzulazula kwezempi, kungavimbela ukuhlasela okukhohlisayo ngokwezinga elithile. Noma kunjalo, umhlaseli uzokwazi ukuqondisa kabusha amasiginali we-GPS ngokulibaziseka kwesikhathi akudingayo, futhi azuze indawo noma ukushintshwa kwesikhathi. Ugqozi lungathathwa ezincwadini ezikhona zokunciphisa ukuhlasela kwe-GPS spoofing nokudala amasistimu afanayo ekugcineni kowamukelayo. Okunye kungaba ukusebenzisa isistimu yendawo enkulu evikelekile esekelwe emikhawulweni yebanga kanye namasu okuqinisekisa ukuba seduze okuvikelekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzodinga ukuxhumana okubili futhi kudinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe mayelana nobukhulu, ukuba nokwenzeka, njll.
I-US Federal Aviation Administration ithe ayinalo ulwazi olwanele mayelana nombhikisho wabacwaningi ukuze baphawule.
Lokhu kuhlasela kanye nenani elibalulekile locwaningo olwenziwe kuyahlaba umxhwele, kodwa umbuzo oyinhloko walo msebenzi awukaphendulwa: mangakanani amathuba okuthi othile empeleni azimisele ukungena enkingeni yokuhlasela okunjalo? Ezinye izinhlobo zobungozi, njengalezo ezivumela izigebengu ze-inthanethi ukuthi zifake i-malware kumakhompyutha abasebenzisi noma zidlule amasistimu wokubethela adumile, kulula ukwenza imali. Lokhu akunjalo ngokuhlaselwa kwe-CGS spoofing. Ukuhlaselwa okusongela ukuphila kuma-pacemakers nezinye izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha nakho kuwela kulesi sigaba.
Nakuba kunzima ukubona isisusa sokuhlaselwa okunjalo, kungaba iphutha ukukuchitha ukuthi kungenzeka. IN , eyanyatheliswa ngoMeyi ngabakwa-C4ADS, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ehlanganisa izingxabano zomhlaba wonke kanye nokuphepha kwamazwe, ithole ukuthi iRussian Federation yayivame ukuhlanganyela ekuhloleni okukhulu kokuphazamiseka kwesistimu ye-GPS okubangele ukuthi amasistimu okuzulazula emikhumbi angabikho endleleni ngamamayela angu-65 noma ngaphezulu [Eqinisweni, umbiko uthi ngesikhathi kuvulwa ibhuloho laseCrimea (okungukuthi, "imvamisa", kodwa kanye kuphela), uhlelo lokuzulazula emhlabeni wonke lwadilizwa yi-transmitter etholakala kuleli bhuloho, futhi umsebenzi walo wezwakala ngisho eduze. I-Anapa, etholakala ku-65 km (hhayi amamayela) ukusuka kule ndawo. "Futhi ngakho konke kuyiqiniso" (c) / approx. ukuhumusha].
“I-Russian Federation inenzuzo eqhathaniswayo ekusebenziseni nasekuthuthukiseni amakhono okukhohlisa izimiso zokuzulazula zomhlaba wonke,” kuxwayisa lo mbiko. "Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphansi, ukutholakala okuvulekile, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kobuchwepheshe obunjalo akunikezeli nje kuphela izifundazwe, kodwa futhi nabashokobezi, amaphekula nezigebengu ngamathuba amaningi okuthunaza amanethiwekhi ombuso kanye namazwe angewona."
Futhi ngenkathi i-CGS spoofing ibonakala i-esoteric ngo-2019, akulula ukucabanga ukuthi izoba yinto evamile eminyakeni ezayo njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuhlasela buqondwa kangcono kanye nezidlulisi zomsakazo ezilawulwa yisofthiwe sezivame kakhulu. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-CGS akudingi ukwenziwa ukuze kudaleke izingozi. Zingasetshenziselwa ukuphazamisa izikhumulo zezindiza ngendlela izindiza ezingenayo ezindizayo ezingekho emthethweni ezibangele ukuvalwa kweSikhumulo Sezindiza saseLondon iGatwick ngoDisemba odlule, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi, kanye neSikhumulo Sezindiza saseHeathrow emasontweni amathathu kamuva.
"Imali ingenye yezisusa, kodwa ukukhombisa amandla kungenye," kusho uRanganathan. - Ngokombono wokuzivikela, lokhu kuhlaselwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kumele kuqikelelwe ngoba kuzobe banele abantu emhlabeni abazofuna ukukhombisa amandla.”
Source: www.habr.com