Kunzima ukubala ukuthi mangaki amakhophi aphulwa ezingxabanweni mayelana nephrojekthi yenethiwekhi yeziphathimandla zaseRussia ezifisa kakhulu: i-Intanethi ebusayo. Abasubathi abadumile, osopolitiki, nezinhloko zezinkampani ze-inthanethi bazwakalise okuhle nokubi. Noma ngabe kunjalo, umthetho wasayinwa futhi ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi kwaqala. Kodwa izoba yini intengo yobukhosi beRunet?
Ukwenza umthetho
Uhlelo lwe-Digital Economy, uhlelo lokuqalisa imisebenzi esigabeni Sokuvikeleka Kolwazi nezinye izigaba, lwamukelwa ngo-2017. Maphakathi no-2018, lolu hlelo lwaqala ukuguqulwa lwaba lukazwelonke, futhi izigaba zalo zaba amaphrojekthi wenhlangano.
NgoDisemba 2018, abameli baka-Andrei Klishas kanye noLyudmila Bokova, kanye nephini lakhe u-Andrei Lugovoi, bethula umthethosivivinywa othi "Ku-Autonomous (Sovereign) Internet" ku-State Duma. Imibono esemqoka yalo mbhalo kwakuwukuphathwa kwezinto ezimaphakathi zengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi ebalulekile kanye nokufakwa okuphoqelekile ngabahlinzeki be-inthanethi bemishini ekhethekile ephethwe yi-Roskomnadzor.
Kulindeleke ukuthi ngosizo lwale mishini, i-Roskomnadzor izokwazi, uma kunesidingo, ukwethula ukuphathwa okuphakathi kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana futhi ivimbele ukufinyelela kumasayithi avinjelwe. Kuhlelwe ukuthi izofakwa mahhala kubahlinzeki. Abanikazi beziteshi ze-inthanethi eziwela imingcele, izindawo zokushintshana kwe-inthanethi, amanethiwekhi okuxhumana ezobuchwepheshe, abahleli bokusatshalaliswa kolwazi ku-inthanethi ngezinombolo zabo ze-AIS, nabanye abanikazi bezinombolo ze-AIS nabo bazoba ngaphansi kokulawula.
Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi 2019, uMongameli wasayina umthetho othi “Ku-inthanethi Ebusayo”. Kodwa-ke, uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-Russian Federation wagunyaza izindleko zokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba umthethosivivinywa wethulwe ephalamende, ngo-Okthoba 2018. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha cishe izikhathi ezingu-5 wandisa izindleko zokuqinisekisa ukuqoqwa kolwazi mayelana namakheli nezinombolo. wezinhlelo ezizimele kanye nokusebenza ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuphatha amanethiwekhi okuxhumana - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-951. kuze kufike kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4,5.
Izosetshenziswa kanjani le mali?
RUB 480 million izoya ekudaleni uhlelo olusabalalisiwe lokuphatha nokuqapha lokuphepha kolwazi njengengxenye yokuthuthukiswa kwengxenye yesifunda saseRussia ye-Inthanethi ye-RSNet (okuhloswe ngayo ukusebenzela ama-ejensi kahulumeni). RUB 240 million eyabelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware nehardware eqinisekisa ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kolwazi mayelana namakheli, izinombolo zezinhlelo ezizimele kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwazo.
Amanye ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-200. izosetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ne-hardware eqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuvikelekile kwesistimu yegama lesizinda. 170 million rub. izokwabelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware kanye nehardware yokuqapha imizila yethrafikhi ku-inthanethi kanye nama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-145. izosetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware kanye nehardware ehlinzeka ngokuqapha nokuphathwa kwamanethiwekhi omphakathi ezokuxhumana.
Yini enye ehleliwe
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 2019 uHulumeni wamukela ngezibonelelo ezivela kusabelomali sombuso sokudala nokusebenza Kwesikhungo Sokuqapha Nokuphathwa Kwenethiwekhi Yokuxhumana Komphakathi kanye nohlelo lolwazi oluhambisanayo. Ngokwalo mbhalo, iRoskomnadzor ithole ilungelo lokunquma inhlangano lapho kuzothunyelwa khona uxhaso.
Inhlangano ekhethwe yiRoskomnadzor, njengengxenye yokwakhiwa kweSikhungo Sokuqapha, kuzodingeka yenze imisebenzi eminingana:
- Thuthukisa isoftware nehardware yokuqapha imizila yethrafikhi ku-inthanethi;
- Ukuthuthukisa isoftware kanye namathuluzi ehardware okuqapha nokuphatha amanethiwekhi okuxhumana nomphakathi;
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuqoqwa kolwazi mayelana namakheli, izinombolo zezinhlelo ezizimele nokuxhumana phakathi kwazo, imizila yethrafikhi ku-inthanethi, kanye nokuphathwa kwesoftware nehardware eqinisekisa ukuphepha kwe-Runet;
- Yethula amasistimu okuhlunga i-inthanethi uma izingane zisebenzisa i-inthanethi.
Muva nje, uhulumeni uyalele i-Roskomnadzor ukuthi isabalalise uxhaso ukuze kwakhiwe Isikhungo Sokuqapha Inethiwekhi Yezokuxhumana, ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nemizila yethrafikhi ye-inthanethi, nokudala “uhlu olumhlophe” oluzosetshenziswa izingane.
Izindleko eziphelele zezinyathelo zokuqaliswa kwazo iRoskomnadzor izokwabela uxhaso ngama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4,96. Kodwa-ke, ku-Federal Budget ka-2019-2021. Ku-Roskomnadzor, imali kuphela yabelwe ukudala Isikhungo Sokuqapha Nokuphathwa Kwezinethiwekhi Zokuxhumana Komphakathi ngenani lama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,82. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokusebenzisa imali lokuphepha kwedijithali namaphrojekthi ahlobene kunikezwa .
Source: www.habr.com