Umbuzo oyintandokazi mayelana nanoma iyiphi isistimu esabalalisiwe evela kumuntu ongeyena wezobuchwepheshe uthi "Mangaki ama-tps aku-blockchain yakho?" Nokho, inombolo enikeziwe ekuphenduleni ngokuvamile ayifani nalokho obuza imibuzo angathanda ukukuzwa. Eqinisweni, wayefuna ukubuza ukuthi "ingabe i-blockchain yakho izofanelana nezidingo zebhizinisi lami," futhi lezi zidingo aziyona inombolo eyodwa, kodwa izimo eziningi - nansi ukubekezelelana kwamaphutha enethiwekhi, izidingo zokugcina, osayizi, ubunjalo bokuthengiselana neminye imingcele eminingi. Ngakho impendulo yombuzo othi "mangaki ama-tps" akunakwenzeka ukuba ibe lula, futhi cishe ayipheli. Uhlelo olusabalalisiwe olunamashumi noma amakhulu ama-node enza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi lungaba kwinani elikhulu lezifunda ezahlukene ezihlobene nesimo senethiwekhi, okuqukethwe kwe-blockchain, ukwehluleka kwezobuchwepheshe, izinkinga zomnotho, ukuhlaselwa kwenethiwekhi nezinye izizathu eziningi. . Izigaba lapho izinkinga zokusebenza zingenzeka khona zihluke ezinsizeni zendabuko, futhi iseva yenethiwekhi ye-blockchain iyisevisi yenethiwekhi ehlanganisa ukusebenza kwe-database, iseva yewebhu kanye neklayenti lesifufula, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngokwephrofayili yomthwalo kuwo wonke ama-subsystems. : iprosesa, inkumbulo, inethiwekhi, isitoreji

Kuyenzeka ukuthi amanethiwekhi ahlukaniselwe amazwe kanye nama-blockchains ayisoftware ethize futhi engajwayelekile yabathuthukisi besoftware abaphakathi nendawo. Ngakho-ke, ngithanda ukugqamisa izici ezibalulekile zokusebenza kanye nokusimama kwamanethiwekhi ahlukaniselwe amazwe, izindlela zokuwakala kanye nokuthola izingqinamba. Sizobheka izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza ezikhawulela isivinini sokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kubasebenzisi be-blockchain futhi siqaphele izici zesici salolu hlobo lwesofthiwe.

Izigaba zesicelo sesevisi ngeklayenti le-blockchain

Ukuze ukhulume ngokwethembeka ngekhwalithi yanoma iyiphi insizakalo eyinkimbinkimbi noma eyinkimbinkimbi, udinga ukucabangela amanani aphakathi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nobukhulu / obuncane, ama-medians, ama-percentiles. Ngokwethiyori, singakhuluma ngama-tps angu-1000 kwenye i-blockchain, kodwa uma ukuthengiselana kwe-900 kuqediwe ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi angu-100 "abambekile" imizuzwana embalwa, isikhathi esimaphakathi esiqoqwe kukho konke ukuthengiselana akuyona imethrikhi efanelekile yeklayenti. engingakwazi ukuqedela okwenziwayo emizuzwaneni embalwa. "Izimbobo" zesikhashana ezibangelwa imizuliswano yemvumelwano egejiwe noma ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kungonakalisa kakhulu isevisi ebonise ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kumabhentshi okuhlola.

Ukukhomba amabhodlela anjalo, kuyadingeka ukuqonda kahle izigaba lapho i-blockchain yangempela ingaba nobunzima bokusebenzela abasebenzisi. Ake sichaze umjikelezo wokuletha nokucubungula okwenziwayo, kanye nokuthola isimo esisha se-blockchain, lapho iklayenti lingaqinisekisa khona ukuthi ukuthengiselana kwalo kucutshunguliwe futhi kubaliwe.

ukuthengiselana kwakhiwa kwiklayenti
okwenziwayo kusayinwe kuklayenti
iklayenti likhetha enye yezindawo bese lithumela ukuthengiselana kwalo kuyo
iklayenti libhalisa kuzibuyekezo kusizindalwazi sezwe se-node, lilinde imiphumela yokuthengiselana kwalo ukuthi ivele
i-node isabalalisa ukuthengiselana ngenethiwekhi ye-p2p
I-BP eminingana noma eyodwa (umkhiqizi vimba) icubungula ukuthengiselana okuqoqiwe, ibuyekeza isizindalwazi sombuso
I-BP yakha ibhulokhi entsha ngemva kokucubungula inombolo edingekayo yokuthengiselana
I-BP isabalalisa ibhulokhi entsha kunethiwekhi ye-p2p
ibhulokhi entsha ilethwa ku-node iklayenti elifinyelela kuyo
i-node ibuyekeza isizindalwazi sezwe
i-node ibona isibuyekezo mayelana neklayenti futhi imthumelela isaziso sokwenziwe

Manje ake sibhekisise lezi zigaba futhi sichaze izinkinga zokusebenza ezingaba khona esigabeni ngasinye. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo ezimaphakathi, sizophinde sicabangele ukwenziwa kwekhodi kumakhasimende enethiwekhi. Imvamisa, lapho ukala i-TPS, isikhathi sokucubungula ukuthengiselana siqoqwa kuma-node, hhayi kuklayenti - lokhu akulungile ngokuphelele. Iklayenti alinandaba ukuthi i-node ikucubungule ngokushesha kangakanani ukuthengiselana kwayo; into ebaluleke kakhulu kuye yisikhathi lapho ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nalokhu kuthengiswa okufakwe ku-blockchain lutholakala kuye. Yile metric okuyiyona isikhathi sokwenza umsebenzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaklayenti ahlukene, ngisho nokuthumela ukuthengiselana okufanayo, angathola izikhathi ezihluke ngokuphelele, ezincike esiteshini, umthwalo kanye nokuba seduze kwe-node, njll. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ngokuphelele ukukala lesi sikhathi kumakhasimende, ngoba lena ipharamitha edinga ukwenziwa kahle.

Ukulungiselela umsebenzi ohlangothini lweklayenti

Ake siqale ngamaphuzu amabili okuqala: ukuthengiselana kwakhiwa futhi kusayinwe yiklayenti. Ngokudabukisayo, lokhu kungase futhi kube ibhodlela lokusebenza kwe-blockchain ngokombono weklayenti. Lokhu akujwayelekile ezinsizeni ezimaphakathi, ezithatha zonke izibalo nokusebenza ngedatha, futhi iklayenti livele lilungiselele isicelo esifushane esingacela inani elikhulu ledatha noma izibalo, lithole umphumela owenziwe ngomumo. Kuma-blockchains, ikhodi yeklayenti iba namandla ngokwengeziwe, futhi umgogodla we-blockchain uba lula nakakhulu, futhi imisebenzi emikhulu yekhompyutha ivame ukudluliselwa kusofthiwe yeklayenti. Kuma-blockchains, kukhona amaklayenti angalungiselela ukuthengiselana okukodwa isikhathi eside (ngikhuluma ngobufakazi obuhlukahlukene be-merkle, ubufakazi obucacile, amasignesha e-threshold neminye imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ohlangothini lweklayenti). Isibonelo esihle sokuqinisekiswa okulula kwe-on-chain kanye nokulungiselela okunzima kokuthengiselana ekhasimendeni kuwubufakazi bobulungu ohlwini olusekelwe ku-Merkle-tree, lapha. indatshana.

Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ikhodi yeklayenti ayimane nje ithumele ukuthengiselana ku-blockchain, kodwa kuqala ibuza isimo se-blockchain - futhi lo msebenzi ungathinta ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi nama-blockchain node. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthatha izilinganiso, kungaba okunengqondo ukulingisa ukuziphatha kwekhodi yeklayenti ngokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngisho noma ku-blockchain yakho kukhona amaklayenti avamile okukhanya afaka isignesha yedijithali evamile ekuthengiseni okulula ukudlulisa impahla ethile, njalo ngonyaka kusekhona izibalo ezinkulu kakhulu kuklayenti, ama-algorithms e-crypto ayaqina, futhi le ngxenye yokucubungula ingakwazi. phenduka ube yibhodlela elibalulekile esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, qaphela futhi ungaphuthelwa isimo lapho, ekuthengiseni okuhlala isikhathi eside ama-3.5s, ama-2.5s asetshenziselwa ukulungisa nokusayina okwenziwayo, kanye nama-1.0s ekuthumeleni kunethiwekhi nokulinda impendulo. Ukuze uhlole ubungozi balokhu kuvinjwa, udinga ukuqoqa amamethrikhi emishinini yamakhasimende, hhayi nje kumanodi e-blockchain.

Ukuthumela okwenziwayo kanye nokuqapha isimo sakhona

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthumela ukuthengiselana endaweni ekhethiwe ye-blockchain futhi uthole isimo sokukwamukela echibini lokuthengiselana. Lesi sigaba sifana nokufinyelela kusizindalwazi esivamile; indawo kufanele irekhode ukuthengiselana echibini futhi iqale ukusabalalisa ulwazi mayelana nayo ngenethiwekhi ye-p2p. Indlela yokuhlola ukusebenza lapha ifana nokuhlola ukusebenza kwama-microservices we-Web API yendabuko, futhi ukuthengiselana ngokwako kuma-blockchains kungabuyekezwa futhi kushintshe isimo sazo. Ngokuvamile, ukubuyekezwa kolwazi lokwenziwayo kwamanye ama-blockchain kungenzeka izikhathi eziningi, isibonelo lapho ushintsha phakathi kwamafoloko eketango noma lapho ama-BP ememezela inhloso yawo yokufaka ukuthengiselana kubhulokhi. Imikhawulo ngosayizi waleli chibi kanye nenani lemisebenzi kulo ingathinta ukusebenza kwe-blockchain. Uma i-pool yokwenziwayo igcwaliswa kusayizi omkhulu ongakhona, noma ingangeni ku-RAM, ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kungehla kakhulu. Ama-Blockchain awanazo izindlela ezimaphakathi zokuvikela ngokumelene nezikhukhula zemilayezo engafuneki, futhi uma i-blockchain isekela ukuthengiswa kwevolumu ephezulu kanye nezinkokhelo eziphansi, lokhu kungabangela ukuchichima kwephuli-okunye okungase kube ibhodlela lokusebenza.

Kuma-blockchains, iklayenti lithumela ukuthengiselana kunoma iyiphi i-blockchain node alithandayo, i-hashi yokuthengiselana ngokuvamile iyaziwa iklayenti ngaphambi kokuthumela, ngakho konke okudingeka akwenze ukufeza uxhumano futhi, ngemva kokudluliselwa, ulinde ukuthi i-blockchain ishintshe. isimo sayo, evumela ukuthengiselana kwakhe. Qaphela ukuthi ngokulinganisa "ama-tps" ungathola imiphumela ehluke ngokuphelele yezindlela ezihlukene zokuxhuma ku-node ye-blockchain. Lokhu kungaba i-HTTP RPC evamile noma i-WebSocket ekuvumela ukuthi usebenzise iphethini "yokubhalisa". Esimweni sesibili, iklayenti lizothola isaziso ngaphambili, futhi i-node izosebenzisa izinsiza ezincane (ikakhulukazi inkumbulo kanye nethrafikhi) ezimpendulo mayelana nesimo sokuthengiselana. Ngakho-ke lapho ukala "ama-tps" kuyadingeka ukucabangela indlela amaklayenti axhuma ngayo kuma-node. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola ubungozi baleli bhodlela, i-benchmark blockchain kufanele ikwazi ukulingisa amakhasimende ngazo zombili izicelo ze-WebSocket ne-HTTP RPC, ngezilinganiso ezihambisana namanethiwekhi wangempela, kanye nokuguqula uhlobo lokuthengiselana nosayizi wabo.

Ukuze uhlole ubungozi balokhu kuvinjwa kwebhodlela, udinga futhi ukuqoqa amamethrikhi emishinini yamakhasimende, hhayi nje kumanodi e-blockchain.

Ukudluliswa kokuthengiselana namabhulokhi ngenethiwekhi ye-p2p

Kuma-blockchains, inethiwekhi ye-peer-to-peer (p2p) isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ukuthengiselana namabhulokhi phakathi kwabahlanganyeli. Ukuthengiselana kusakazeka kuyo yonke inethiwekhi, kusukela kwenye yamanodi, kuze kufike kubakhiqizi be-block block, abapakisha ukuthengiselana kumabhulokhi futhi, besebenzisa i-p2p efanayo, basakaze amabhlogo amasha kuwo wonke ama-node enethiwekhi. Isisekelo samanethiwekhi amaningi esimanje we-p2p ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwephrothokholi ye-Kademlia. Lapha isifinyezo esihle sale protocol, kanye lapha - isihloko esinezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene kunethiwekhi ye-BitTorrent, lapho umuntu angaqonda khona ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenethiwekhi luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi alubikezeleki kakhulu kunenethiwekhi emiswe ngokuqinile yesevisi emaphakathi. Futhi, lapha Isihloko esimayelana nokulinganisa amamethrikhi ahlukahlukene athokozisayo ama-Ethereum node.

Ngamafuphi, intanga ngayinye kumanethiwekhi anjalo igcina uhlu lwayo oluguquguqukayo lwabanye ontanga lapho icela khona amabhulokhi wolwazi olubhekiswe ngokuqukethwe. Uma untanga ethola isicelo, unikeza ulwazi oludingekayo noma adlulisele isicelo kuntanga yamanga-ongahleliwe olandelayo ohlwini, futhi ngemva kokuthola impendulo, usidlulisela kumfakisicelo futhi asigcine okwesikhashana, enikeza lokhu. ibhulokhi yolwazi ekuqaleni kwesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi oludumile luphela ngenani elikhulu lama-caches yenani elikhulu lontanga, futhi ulwazi olungathandeki lushintshwa kancane kancane. Ontanga bagcina amarekhodi okuthi ubani odlulisele ulwazi olungakanani kubani, futhi inethiwekhi izama ukugqugquzela abasabalalisi abakhuthele ngokukhuphula izilinganiso zabo futhi ibanikeze izinga eliphezulu lesevisi, ikhiphe ngokuzenzakalelayo ababambiqhaza abangasebenzi ohlwini lontanga.

Ngakho-ke, ukuthengiselana manje kudinga ukusatshalaliswa kunethiwekhi yonkana ukuze abakhiqizi be-block bakwazi ukukubona futhi bakufake vimba. I-node ngenkuthalo "isabalalisa" ukuthengiselana okusha kuwo wonke umuntu futhi ilalela inethiwekhi, ilinde ibhulokhi kunkomba lapho kuzovela khona ukuthengiselana okudingekayo ukuze kwaziswe iklayenti elilindile. Isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze inethiwekhi idlulisele ulwazi mayelana nokuthengiselana okusha namabhuloki komunye nomunye kumanethiwekhi we-p2p sincike enanini elikhulu kakhulu lezici: inani lama-node athembekile asebenza eduze (kusuka endaweni yokubuka yenethiwekhi), i-“ warm- phezulu” kwama-caches alawa ma-node, ubukhulu bamabhulokhi, ukuthengiselana, uhlobo lwezinguquko , indawo yenethiwekhi, inani lamanodi nezinye izici eziningi. Izilinganiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zamamethrikhi okusebenza kumanethiwekhi anjalo ziyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi; kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngesikhathi esifanayo isikhathi sokucubungula isicelo kukho kokubili amaklayenti kanye nontanga (ama-blockchain nodes). Izinkinga kunoma iyiphi yezindlela ze-p2p, ukukhishwa kwedatha okungalungile kanye ne-caching, ukuphathwa okungasebenzi kahle kwezinhlu zontanga abasebenzayo, nezinye izici eziningi zingabangela ukubambezeleka okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kwayo yonke inethiwekhi iyonke, futhi lokhu kuvinjelwa kunzima kakhulu ukuhlaziya. , ukuhlolwa nokuchazwa kwemiphumela.

Ukucutshungulwa kweBlockchain kanye nokubuyekezwa kwesizindalwazi sombuso

Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-blockchain yi-algorithm yokuvumelana, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumabhulokhi amasha atholwe kunethiwekhi kanye nokucubungula ukuthengiselana ngokurekhoda kwemiphumela ku-database yombuso. Ukwengeza ibhulokhi entsha kuketango bese ukhetha iketango eliyinhloko kufanele kusebenze ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, empilweni yangempela, "kufanele" akusho "imisebenzi", futhi umuntu angacabanga, isibonelo, isimo lapho amaketanga amabili aphikisanayo ehlala eshintsha phakathi kwawo, eshintsha imethadatha yezinkulungwane zokuthengiselana echibini ekushintsheni ngakunye. , kanye nokuhlehlisa njalo isizindalwazi sombuso. Lesi sigaba, ngokuchaza ibhodlela, silula kunesendlalelo senethiwekhi ye-p2p, ngoba ukwenziwa komsebenzi kanye ne-algorithm yokuvumelana kunqunywa ngokuqinile, futhi kulula ukukala noma yini lapha.
Into esemqoka ukungaphambanisi ukuwohloka okungahleliwe ekusebenzeni kwalesi sigaba ngezinkinga zenethiwekhi - ama-node ahamba kancane ekuletheni amabhlogo nolwazi mayelana neketanga eliyinhloko, futhi kuklayenti langaphandle lokhu kungase kubonakale njengenethiwekhi ehamba kancane, nakuba inkinga ilele indawo ehluke ngokuphelele.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kulesi sigaba, kuyasiza ukuqoqa nokuqapha amamethrikhi asuka kumanodi ngokwawo, futhi ufake kuwo lawo ahlobene nokubuyekeza isizindalwazi sezwe: inani lamabhulokhi acutshungulwe endaweni, usayizi wawo, inani lemisebenzi, inani lamaswishi phakathi kwezimfoloko zamaketango, inani lamabhulokhi angavumelekile , isikhathi sokusebenza komshini obonakalayo, isikhathi sokusebenza kwedatha, njll. Lokhu kuzovimbela izinkinga zenethiwekhi ukuthi zididaniswe namaphutha kuma-algorithms okucubungula uchungechunge.

Ukuthengiselana kokucubungula umshini obonakalayo kungaba umthombo owusizo wolwazi ongathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-blockchain. Inombolo yokwabiwa kwememori, inombolo yemiyalelo yokufunda/yokubhala, namanye amamethrikhi ahlobene nokusebenza kahle kwekhodi yenkontileka anganikeza ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo konjiniyela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ziyizinhlelo, okusho ukuthi ngokombono zingasebenzisa noma yiziphi izinsiza: i-cpu/inkumbulo/inethiwekhi/isitoreji, ngakho-ke ukucutshungulwa kokwenziwe kuyisiteji esingaqinisekile, ngaphezu kwalokho, esishintsha kakhulu lapho sihamba phakathi kwezinguqulo. nalapho ushintsha amakhodi enkontileka. Ngakho-ke, amamethrikhi ahlobene nokucubungula okwenziwayo nawo ayadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwe-blockchain.

Ukutholwa yiklayenti kwesaziso mayelana nokufakwa kokuthengiselana ku-blockchain

Lesi yisigaba sokugcina seklayenti le-blockchain elithola insizakalo; uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izigaba, azikho izindleko ezinkulu, kodwa kusafanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi iklayenti lithole impendulo evela ku-node (ngokwesibonelo, inkontileka ehlakaniphile. ukubuyisela uhlu lwedatha). Kunoma yikuphi, leli phuzu libaluleke kakhulu kulowo obuze umbuzo othi "mangaki ama-tps aku-blockchain yakho?", Ngoba Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhathi sokuthola isevisi sirekhodiwe.

Kule ndawo, kuhlala kuthunyelwa isikhathi esigcwele iklayenti obekufanele lisichithe lilinde impendulo evela ku-blockchain; kungalesi sikhathi lapho umsebenzisi ezolinda khona ukuqinisekiswa kuhlelo lwakhe lokusebenza, futhi wukwenza kahle kwalo umsebenzi oyinhloko wabathuthukisi.

isiphetho

Ngenxa yalokho, singachaza izinhlobo zemisebenzi eyenziwa kuma-blockchains futhi sihlukanise izigaba eziningana:

ukuguqulwa kwe-cryptographic, ukwakhiwa kobufakazi
ukuxhumana kontanga kuya kontanga, ukuthengiselana kanye nokuvimba ukuphindaphinda
ukucubungula umsebenzi, ukwenziwa kwezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile
ukusebenzisa izinguquko ku-blockchain kusizindalwazi sombuso, ukuvuselela idatha ekuthengiseni nasekuvimbeni
izicelo zokufunda kuphela kusizindalwazi sezwe, i-blockchain node API, izinsizakalo zokubhalisa

Ngokuvamile, izidingo zobuchwepheshe zezindawo zesimanje ze-blockchain zibucayi ngokwedlulele - ama-CPU asheshayo e-cryptography, inani elikhulu le-RAM okufanele ligcinwe futhi lifinyelele ngokushesha kusizindalwazi sombuso, ukusebenzisana kwenethiwekhi kusetshenziswa inombolo enkulu yokuxhumana okuvulekile ngasikhathi sinye, kanye nesitoreji esikhulu. Izidingo eziphezulu kangaka kanye nobuningi bezinhlobo ezahlukene zokusebenza ziholela eqinisweni lokuthi ama-node angase angabi nezinsiza ezanele, bese kuthi noma yiziphi izigaba okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla zibe esinye isithiyo ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi iyonke.

Lapho uklama futhi uhlola ukusebenza kwama-blockchains, kuzofanela ucabangele wonke lawa maphuzu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqoqa futhi uhlaziye amamethrikhi ngesikhathi esisodwa kumakhasimende namanodi enethiwekhi, ubheke ukuhlobana phakathi kwawo, ulinganisele isikhathi esisithathayo ukuhlinzeka ngamasevisi kumakhasimende, ucabangele zonke izinsiza eziyinhloko: cpu/inkumbulo/inethiwekhi/isitoreji. , qonda ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani futhi zithonyane. Konke lokhu kwenza ukuqhathanisa isivinini sama-blockchain ahlukene ngendlela yokuthi "mangaki ama-TPS" umsebenzi ongenakubonga kakhulu, ngoba kunenani elikhulu lokucushwa nezifundazwe ezahlukahlukene. Ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ezimaphakathi, amaqoqo amakhulu amaseva, lezi zinkinga nazo ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zidinga ukuqoqwa kwenani elikhulu lamamethrikhi ahlukene, kodwa kuma-blockchains, ngenxa yamanethiwekhi we-p2p, izinkontileka zokucubungula imishini ebonakalayo, umnotho wangaphakathi, inani lamadigri. yenkululeko inkulu kakhulu, okwenza ukuhlolwa ngisho nakumaseva amaningana, akubonisi futhi kukhombisa amanani acishe abe seduze kakhulu acishe axhumene neqiniso.

Ngakho-ke, lapho sikhula ku-blockchain core, ukuhlola ukusebenza nokuphendula umbuzo othi "ingabe sekuthuthukile uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokugcina?" sisebenzisa isofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi ehlela ukwethulwa kwe-blockchain enama-node amaningi futhi yethule ngokuzenzakalelayo ibhentshimakhi futhi iqoqe amamethrikhi. ; ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi kunzima kakhulu ukususa iphutha kumaphrothokholi asebenza nabahlanganyeli abaningi.

Ngakho-ke, lapho uthola umbuzo othi "mangaki ama-TPS aku-blockchain yakho?", nikeza u-interlocutor wakho itiye bese ubuza ukuthi ngabe usekulungele yini ukubuka amagrafu ayishumi nambili futhi alalele wonke amabhokisi amathathu ezinkinga zokusebenza kwe-blockchain neziphakamiso zakho ngiyazixazulula...

Source: www.habr.com

Mangaki ama-TPS aku-blockchain yakho?