Uke wazibuza ukuthi yimalini ingqalasizinda yephrojekthi yakho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyamangaza: ukukhula kwezindleko akuqondile ngokuphathelene nemithwalo. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi abaningi, iziteshi zesevisi nabathuthukisi bayaqonda ngasese ukuthi bakhokha kakhulu. Kodwa ngani ngempela?
Imvamisa, izindleko zokusika zivele zehlele ekutholeni isixazululo esishibhe kakhulu, uhlelo lwe-AWS, noma, esimweni sama-rack angokomzimba, kulungiselelwa ukucushwa kwehadiwe. Akukhona lokho kuphela: eqinisweni, noma ubani wenza lokhu, njengoba uNkulunkulu ethanda: uma sikhuluma ngokuqalisa, khona-ke lo mhlawumbe umthuthukisi ohamba phambili onekhanda eliningi. Emahhovisi amakhudlwana, lokhu kusingathwa yi-CMO/CTO, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umqondisi-jikelele uzibandakanya ngokwakhe odabeni kanye nomgcini-mabhuku omkhulu. Ngokuvamile, labo bantu abanokukhathazeka okwanele "okuyisisekelo". Futhi kuvela ukuthi izikweletu zengqalasizinda ziyakhuphuka, kodwa abangenaso isikhathi sokubhekana nazo babhekana nazo.
Uma udinga ukuthenga iphepha lasendlini yangasese ehhovisi, lokhu kuzokwenziwa umphathi wempahla noma umuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo ovela enkampanini yokuhlanza. Uma sikhuluma ngentuthuko - abaholayo kanye ne-CTO. Ukuthengisa - konke kubuye kucace. Kepha kusukela ezinsukwini zakudala, lapho “igumbi leseva” laliyigama lekhabethe lapho kwakunohlelo olujwayelekile lombhoshongo olune-RAM ethe xaxa kanye nama-hard drive ambalwa ekuhlaseleni, wonke umuntu (noma okungenani abaningi) akakunaki lokho. iqiniso lokuthi ukuthengwa komthamo kufanele kusingathwe futhi umuntu oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile.
Maye, inkumbulo yomlando kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi amashumi eminyaka lo msebenzi wawushintshelwe kubantu "abangahleliwe": noma ubani owayeseduze kakhulu wawuthatha lo mbuzo. Futhi muva nje umsebenzi we-FinOps waqala ukwakheka emakethe futhi wathatha ukwakheka okuphathekayo. Lona ngumuntu ofanayo oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile umsebenzi wakhe uwukulawula ukuthengwa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Futhi, ekugcineni, ekunciphiseni izindleko zenkampani kule ndawo.
Asikukhuthazi ukuyeka izixazululo ezibizayo nezisebenzayo: ibhizinisi ngalinye kufanele lizinqumele ukuthi lidingani ukuze libe khona ngokunethezeka ngokuya nge-hardware kanye nezintengo zamafu. Kodwa umuntu ngeke akwazi ukuzibamba ngaphandle kokunaka iqiniso lokuthi ukuthenga ngokungacabangi “ngokohlu” ngaphandle kokuqapha nokuhlaziya ukusetshenziswa kwezinkampani eziningi ekugcineni kuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu, okukhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuphathwa okungasebenzi “kwezimpahla” ze-backend yazo.
Ubani i-FinOps
Ake sithi unebhizinisi elihlonishwayo, abantu abathengisayo bakhuluma “ngebhizinisi” ngezwi eliphefumulayo. Mhlawumbe, "ngokohlu" uthenge amaseva ayishumi nambili noma amabili, i-AWS nezinye "izinto ezincane". Okunengqondo: enkampanini enkulu uhlobo oluthile lokunyakaza luhlala lwenzeka - amanye amaqembu akhula, amanye ahlakazeka, amanye adluliselwa kumaphrojekthi angomakhelwane. Futhi inhlanganisela yalokhu kunyakaza, kanye nendlela yokuthenga “esekelwe ohlwini”, ekugcineni kuholela ezimpungeni ezintsha uma kubhekwa umthethosivivinywa olandelayo wenyanga nengqalasizinda.
Ngakho-ke yini okufanele uyenze - qhubeka ngesineke ube grey, upende phezu kwayo, noma uthole izizathu zokuvela kwalezi ziro eziningi ezimbi ekukhokhweni?
Masithembeke: ukugunyazwa, ukugunyazwa kanye nenkokhelo eqondile yesicelo ngaphakathi kwenkampani yentela efanayo ye-AWS akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi (empeleni, cishe neze) kuyashesha. Futhi ngokunembile ngenxa yokunyakaza okuqhubekayo kwezinkampani, okunye kwalokhu kutholwa okufanayo kungase "kulahleke" ndawana thize. Futhi kulula ukuma ungenzi lutho. Uma umlawuli oqaphile ebona i-rack engenamnikazi ekamelweni lakhe leseva, khona-ke endabeni yezindleko zamafu konke kuyadabukisa kakhulu. Zingabekwa izinyanga - zikhokhelwe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zingasadingeki kunoma ubani emnyangweni ezithengelwe wona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ozakwabo abavela ehhovisi elilandelayo baqala ukuklebhula izinwele zabo ezingakabi ezimpunga hhayi emakhanda abo kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo - abakwazanga ukukhokhela cishe intela efanayo ye-AWS yesonto le-nth, okuyinto idingeka kakhulu.
Isiphi isixazululo esisobala kakhulu? Kunjalo, nikela izintambo kulabo abaswele, futhi wonke umuntu ujabule. Kodwa ukuxhumana okuvundlile akuhlali kumisiwe kahle. Futhi umnyango wesibili ungase uvele ungazi ngengcebo yokuqala, okwavela ukuthi ngandlela-thile awudingi ngempela lo mcebo.
Ubani okufanele asolwe ngalokhu? - Eqinisweni, akekho. Kusethwa kanjalo konke okwamanje.
Ubani ohlushwa yilokhu? - Yilokho, inkampani yonke.
Ubani ongalungisa isimo? - Yebo, yebo, FinOps.
I-FinOps ayiyona nje isendlalelo phakathi kwabathuthukisi kanye nemishini abayidingayo, kodwa umuntu noma ithimba elizokwazi ukuthi kuphi, yini futhi kanjani "ilele" kahle ngokwezintela ezifanayo zamafu ezithengwe yinkampani. Eqinisweni, laba bantu kufanele basebenze ngokubambisana ne-DevOps, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye nomnyango wezezimali ngakolunye, bedlala indima yokuba umlamuli ophumelelayo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, umhlaziyi.
Okuncane mayelana nokwenza kahle
Amafu. Ishibhile futhi ifaneleka kakhulu. Kodwa lesi sixazululo siyayeka ukushibhile lapho inani lamaseva lifinyelela amadijithi amabili noma amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafu akwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izinsiza eziningi ebezingatholakali ngaphambilini: lezi zindawo zolwazi njengesevisi (i-Amazon AWS, i-Azure Database), izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenaseva (AWS Lambda, Azure Functions) nezinye eziningi. Zonke zipholile kakhulu ngoba kulula ukuzisebenzisa - thenga futhi uhambe, azikho izinkinga. Kodwa lapho inkampani ijula namaphrojekthi ayo ingena emafwini, i-CFO ilala kabi kakhulu. Futhi ngokusheshisa ujikelele uba mpunga.
Iqiniso liwukuthi ama-invoyisi ezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene zamafu ahlala edida kakhulu: entweni eyodwa ungathola incazelo enamakhasi amathathu yokuthi imali yakho ihambe kanjani, kuphi futhi kanjani. Lokhu, yiqiniso, kumnandi, kodwa cishe akunakwenzeka ukukuqonda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono wethu ngalolu daba awukude nowodwa kuphela: ukuze udlulisele ama-akhawunti wamafu kubantu, kunezinsizakalo eziphelele, isibonelo. noma . Uma othile ezihlupha ngokudala insizakalo ehlukile yokuchaza izikweletu, khona-ke ubukhulu benkinga buye badlula izindleko zodayi wezinwele.
Ngakho-ke iFinOps yenzani kulesi simo:
- iqonda ngokucacile ukuthi izixazululo zamafu zathengwa nini futhi ngaziphi izivolumu.
- uyazi ukuthi la makhono asetshenziswa kanjani.
- iphinde isabalalise kuye ngezidingo zeyunithi ethile.
- ayithengi "ukuze kube".
- futhi ekugcineni, kukugcinela imali.
Isibonelo esihle isitoreji samafu sekhophi ebandayo yesizindalwazi. Isibonelo, ingabe uyayifaka kungobo yomlando ukuze wehlise inani lesikhala nethrafikhi esetshenziswayo lapho kubuyekezwa isitoreji? Yebo, kubonakala sengathi isimo sishibhile - esimweni esisodwa, kodwa ingqikithi yalezi zimo ezishibhile kamuva iphumela ezindlekweni ezimba eqolo zezinsizakalo zamafu.
Noma esinye isimo: uthenge umthamo wokugodla ku-AWS noma i-Azure ukuze ungaweli ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu. Ungaqiniseka ukuthi lesi yisixazululo esifanele? Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma lezi zimo zingenzi lutho ngo-80%, kusho ukuthi unikeza imali i-Amazon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni ezinjalo, i-AWS efanayo ne-Azure inezimo eziqhumayo - kungani udinga amaseva angasebenzi, uma ungasebenzisa ithuluzi ukuxazulula izinkinga zemithwalo ephezulu? Noma, esikhundleni sezimo ze-On Premise, kufanele ubheke ku-Reserved - ishibhile futhi futhi zinikeza izaphulelo.
Ngendlela, mayelana nezaphulelo
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, ukuthengwa kwempahla kuvame ukwenziwa yinoma ubani - bathole owokugcina, bese yena ngandlela-thile ekwenza ngokwakhe. Ngokuvamile, abantu asebevele bematasa baba "ngokweqile", futhi ngenxa yalokho sithola isimo lapho umuntu ngokushesha nangekhono, kodwa ngokuzimela ngokuphelele, enquma ukuthi yini futhi ngamanani okuthenga.
Kodwa lapho usebenzisana nomthengisi ovela kusevisi yefu, ungathola izimo ezivumayo uma kuziwa ekuthengeni umthamo omkhulu. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuthola izaphulelo ezinjalo emotweni enokubhaliswa okuthule nohlangothi olulodwa - kodwa ngemva kokukhuluma nomphathi wezokuthengisa wangempela, ungase uphele amandla. Noma laba bafana bangakutshela ukuthi banaziphi izaphulelo njengamanje. Kungase futhi kube usizo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ukukhanya akuzange kuhlangane njenge-wedge ku-AWS noma i-Azure. Vele, akukho mbuzo wokuhlela igumbi lakho leseva - kepha kunezinye izindlela zalezi zixazululo ezimbili zakudala ezivela kuma-giants.
Isibonelo, i-Google ilethe inkundla ye-Firebase ezinkampanini, lapho zingabamba khona iphrojekthi yeselula efanayo ngesisekelo se-turnkey, okungase kudinge ukukalwa ngokushesha. Isitoreji, isizindalwazi sesikhathi sangempela, ukusingathwa kanye nokuvumelanisa idatha yamafu usebenzisa lesi sixazululo njengesibonelo kuyatholakala endaweni eyodwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma singakhulumi ngephrojekthi ye-monolithic, kodwa mayelana nokuphelele kwabo, khona-ke isisombululo esimaphakathi asizuzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma iphrojekthi ihlala isikhathi eside, inomlando wayo wokuthuthuka kanye nenani elihambisanayo ledatha edingekayo ukuze igcinwe, khona-ke kufanelekile ukucabanga mayelana nokubekwa okuyizicucu.
Lapho ulungiselela izindleko zezinsizakalo zamafu, ungahle ubone ngokuzumayo ukuthi kwizicelo ezibucayi zebhizinisi ungathenga amanani entengo anamandla azonikeza inkampani inzuzo engaphazamiseki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugcina "ifa" lentuthuko, izinqolobane zakudala, imininingwane yolwazi, njll. emafwini abizayo kuyisixazululo. Phela, kudatha enjalo, isikhungo sedatha esijwayelekile esinama-HDD avamile kanye nehadiwe yamandla aphakathi nendawo ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinsimbi namakhwela sifanelekile.
Nalapha futhi, ungase ucabange ukuthi “le ngxabano ayifanele,” kodwa yonke inkinga yalolu shicilelo isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo abazinaki izinto ezincane futhi benza okulungile nokusheshayo. Okuthi, ekugcineni, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa kuphumele kulawo ma-akhawunti asabekayo.
Yini ekugcineni?
Ngokuvamile, amafu apholile, axazulula izinkinga eziningi zamabhizinisi anoma yimuphi usayizi. Nokho, ukusha kwalesi simo kusho ukuthi asikabi nalo isiko lokusebenzisa nokuphatha. I-FinOps iyisivikeli senhlangano esikusiza ukuthi usebenzise amandla amafu ngempumelelo. Into esemqoka ukungaguquki lesi sikhundla sibe i-analogue yeqembu labadubuli, umsebenzi wabo ozoba ukubamba abathuthukisi abanganaki ngesandla futhi "bathethise" ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
Onjiniyela kufanele bathuthuke, bangabali imali yenkampani. Ngakho-ke i-FinOps kufanele yenze kokubili inqubo yokuthenga kanye nenqubo yokuhoxisa noma yokudlulisela umthamo wamafu kwamanye amaqembu kube umcimbi olula nojabulisayo kubo bonke abathintekayo.
Source: www.habr.com