Iziteshi zendabuko zokudlulisa idatha zizoqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi wazo ngendlela efanele iminyaka eminingi, kodwa zithengeka kuphela ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Kwezinye izimo, ezinye izixazululo ziyadingeka ezinganikeza ukuxhumana okuthembekile kwesivinini esikhulu ngentengo efanelekile.
Kusukela kulesi sihloko uzofunda indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga zokuxhumana lapho iziteshi zendabuko zibiza noma zingafinyeleleki. Yiziphi izigaba zezixazululo ezikhona, ukuthi zihluka kanjani nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani okudingekayo emsebenzini othile.
Kunezigaba eziningana zobuchwepheshe ezithi zixazulula izinkinga zokuxhumana lapho imigudu evamile yokuxhumana ingekho noma ingasebenzi ngokwezomnotho. Amabhalansi, ama-aggregator nama-adders abonakala enza into efanayo, kodwa ahluke kakhulu ngekhwalithi yokuxazulula izinkinga. Ake sikuthole.
Ababhalansi
Noma yisiphi isiteshi esisodwa sisebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kuxazulula inkinga yokuthembeka ngenxa yokuphindaphinda, kodwa akukhulisi isivinini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iningi labalinganisi alihloli ukuthi yisiphi isiteshi esisheshayo futhi bamane bashintshele kuleso esisebenzayo. U-80% wezixazululo emakethe ezisebenzisa amakhadi amaningi e-SIM zifana ncamashi neziBalancer - lapho ukuxhumana ngesiteshi esisodwa kulahleka, ukuxhumana ngokuzenzakalelayo kushintshela kwesinye.
Kukhona isigaba soshintsho esihlukile phakathi kwe-balancer ne-aggregator. Isivinini sezintambo ezimbalwa, isibonelo esivela kubasebenzisi abaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, sizoba phezulu kunanoma yimuphi omunye. Le ndlela, uma isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, ayidingi ngisho nengqalasizinda yokunqanyulwa kwethrafikhi futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekilasini lamarutha angabizi kakhulu. Isixazululo singanikeza isivinini esiphezulu, kodwa umsebenzisi ngamunye uzothola isivinini esitholakala kuphela ngesiteshi esisodwa. Ungalanda izifufula kudivayisi enjalo ngokunethezeka.
Inkinga okufanele ixazululwe
Ukwethenjelwa okwandisiwe. Ukubhukha iziteshi zokudlulisa idatha.
Isici Esibalulekile
- Isivinini sokushintsha usuka esiteshini esingasebenzi uye kwesisebenzayo. Uma idivayisi iqonda ngokushesha ukuthi isiteshi esisodwa asisebenzi futhi sidinga ukushintshela kwesinye, kuba ngcono
- Umsebenzi obalulekile esiteshini esisheshayo
Плюсы
- Intengo yedivayisi. Isixazululo esishibhe kakhulu emakethe
- Ayidingi ingqalasizinda yokunqanyulwa kwethrafikhi emaphakathi
- Ayidingi abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe ukuze isetshenziswe futhi ilungiswe
Минусы
- Akukho ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yesiteshi. Idivayisi ingase ishintshele esiteshini esinoxhumano olumaphakathi, kuyilapho isiteshi esingumakhelwane sishesha kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe
Amasevisi angadingi amanani aphezulu okudlulisa idatha futhi alungele ukuphumula okufushane
Ama-aggregators
Leli gama livela ku-aggregate yesiNgisi. Ngomongo wezinhlelo zokudluliswa kwedatha, isetshenziswe isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa izixazululo zokuhlanganisa iziteshi zokudlulisa idatha enezintambo kanye ne-optical.
Lawa amasistimu athuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhalansi - asebenzisa iziteshi ezimbalwa zokudlulisa idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngesiteshi ngasinye, kwakhiwa uxhumano ngeseva ephakathi, lapho ithrafikhi ihlanganiswa futhi idluliselwe kusevisi okuqondiwe. Ngakho-ke, uma ngisho namashaneli amaningana enyamalala, ukudluliswa kwedatha akuphazamiseki. Okusho ukuthi, awukho umqondo wokusuka kwesinye isiteshi uye kwesinye. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi eziteshini zokudlulisa idatha ezingenantambo, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, eziningi zalezi zixazululo azikhulisi isivinini noma zikhuphule kancane kuphela. Isibonelo, iziteshi ezi-4 ze-10 Mbit/s kufanele zinikeze isamba esingu-40 Mbit, kodwa ama-aggregator emhubheni we-L3 azonikeza cishe u-12-18. Lezi yizinga eliphezulu lokunyuka kwesivinini ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ye-entropy enkulu engalingani eziteshini. Akuwona umsebenzi ongatheni ukuhlanganisa iziteshi ezinamakhono ahlukene, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukubambezeleka okuhlukile.
Lokhu kungcono kakhulu kuneshumi, kodwa kuncane kakhulu kunamashumi amane alindelwe. Abakhiqizi abangathembekile bazama ukufihla lesi sici besebenzisa inhlanganisela yeseva elibamba + ukushintshwa kwekheli lomthombo. Kulokhu, isivinini sanda kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezimweni lapho uxhumano luqalwa khona kusuka kudivayisi. Uma uqala uxhumano oluvela emhlabeni wangaphandle, le ndlela ngeke isasebenza. Uma ufuna ukuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi amabili, isibonelo, indawo yokuthengisa enehhovisi elikhulu noma isitimela esinenethiwekhi ephakathi, i-aggregator ngeke ikwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi, ngoba ijubane eliya kudivayisi lizoba ngaphansi izikhathi ezingu-10 kune- idivayisi. Ukwengeza, uma kusetshenziswa kunethiwekhi ye-telecom operator, ukukhohlisa okunjalo kuqinisekisiwe ukuphakamisa imibuzo evela kuziphathimandla ezilawulayo mayelana nesistimu yezinyathelo zophenyo zokusebenza (SORM).
Izixazululo zokuhlanganisa iziteshi zokudlulisa idatha ezingenantambo zilula futhi azidingi ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni olugxile kwisayensi. Cishe zonke ziqukethe kuphela izixazululo ezenziwe ngomumo, ezichazwe kabanzi nge-Open Source. Abakhiqizi bancamela ukwenza isixhumi esibonakalayo se-WEB futhi basidlulise njengentuthuko emisha. Le ndlela ivame kakhulu eRussia.
Inkinga okufanele ixazululwe
Ukwethenjelwa okwandisiwe. Ukwenyuka kancane kwejubane.
Isici Esibalulekile
Ukulahlwa kwamashaneli ahlanganisiwe. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sokudluliswa kwedatha.
Минусы
- Intengo yedivayisi. Ibiza kakhulu kunezilinganisi ezivamile
- Ukutholakala kwezinkokhelo zanyanga zonke, njengoba kudinga ingqalasizinda yokunqanyulwa kwethrafikhi emaphakathi
- Ukunakekela kudinga abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile
- Ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kweziteshi zokudlulisa idatha emhubheni we-L3
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamaseva elibamba kubangela inethiwekhi ye-asymmetric namakheli
Плюсы
- Ixazulula kahle kakhulu inkinga yeziteshi zokudlulisa idatha ezingasasebenzi
- Uma usebenzisa iseva elibamba, inikeza isivinini esikhulu sokudluliswa kwedatha uma uxhumano luqaliswe kusuka kudivayisi
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe
Izinsizakalo ezidinga ukuxhumana okuzinzile futhi ezingadingi umhubhe we-L3. Imindeni yangasese, ama-topology alula angadingi inethiwekhi yokulinganisa. Akusebenzi ezikhungweni zezimboni namanethiwekhi o-opharetha be-telecom.
Adders
Ngokomongo weziteshi zokudlulisa idatha, leli gama lavela eRussia eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Lezi zixazululo zifana kakhulu nama-aggregator, kodwa zihluke kakhulu ngokuthi, ngenkathi zigcina zonke izinzuzo zazo, azinakho konke ukonakala kwazo.
Uma udinga ukubethela kusuka kudivayisi ngokwayo kuya kuseva yokunqanyulwa, le nketho, njengokuminyanisa okusephepheni, ikhona kubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe emakethe.
Emihubheni ye-L3, ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zokudlulisa idatha kuma-adder cishe ku-90%. Isibonelo, lapho i-aggregator inikeza ama-40 Mbit/s, i-adder izonikeza ngokuzethemba u-70 Mbit/s. Yingakho kuthiwa inyoka. Lona umsebenzi onzima kakhulu futhi udinga ucwaningo olunzulu olugxile kwisayensi.
Ukukhulisa ngempumelelo isivinini emhubheni we-L3 kunikeza i-topology yenethiwekhi ebushelelezi ngaphandle "kokukhethekile".
Ngokungafani nama-aggregator, izitha azinayo imikhawulo kububanzi bazo. Angasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesiteshi sokudlulisa idatha nakunoma iyiphi i-topology yenethiwekhi. Inethiwekhi eyenziwe yi-adder ijwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi, ngokungafani nama-aggregators, ekusebenzeni ngeke iphakamise imibuzo evela kuziphathimandla ezilawulayo noma izingibe ezisebenzayo.
Inkinga okufanele ixazululwe
Ukwethenjelwa okwandisiwe. Ukwenyuka okuningi kwejubane.
Isici Esibalulekile
Ukulahlwa kwamashaneli ahlanganisiwe. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sokudluliswa kwedatha.
Минусы
- Ukutholakala kwezinkokhelo zanyanga zonke, njengoba kudinga ingqalasizinda yokunqanyulwa kwethrafikhi emaphakathi.
- Intengo iqhathaniswa ne-aggregator
Плюсы
- Isixazululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu senkinga yamashaneli okudlulisa idatha angasanele.
- Ukwenyuka okuningi kwejubane namandla eziteshi emhubheni we-L3.
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe
Izinsizakalo zezentengiselwano, zezimboni nezikahulumeni ezidinga isivinini esikhulu nokudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile. Ayikho imikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni.
Isixazululo esiphelele
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza, ngaphezu komsebenzi wabo oyinhloko, kufanele bulawuleke kalula futhi buhlaziywe, bube yizixazululo eziphelele zezinkinga zabasebenzisi bokugcina futhi zingaxazululi inkinga ngendlela eyizicucu, ziguqule iningi lengqalasizinda nemisebenzi yokusebenza iye kweyekhasimende. ikhono.
Yini edingekayo ukuze uthole isisombululo esiphelele?
1. Isistimu yokuphatha inethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe
Kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuphatha wonke amadivaysi enethiwekhi - buyekeza i-firmware kanye nokucushwa, ukubonisa izexwayiso nezingozi, nokulinganisela umthwalo kunethiwekhi. Phatha ngokusobala yonke imisebenzi yedivayisi ngayinye ngokwehlukana futhi, kwezinye izimo, ubone indawo yedivayisi nezici zayo ezibalulekile kumephu esebenzisanayo.
Isistimu yokuphatha inethiwekhi yekhwalithi ephezulu yonga abasebenzi bonjiniyela, inciphisa isikhathi sokuxazulula izinkinga, futhi yenza yonke into “ubuchopho” obuvame ukuyenza.
2. Ukuthembeka
Ubuchwepheshe bubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kweseva yokunqanyulwa kwethrafikhi, ehlala ime phakathi kwedivayisi nesevisi eqondiwe. Kungaba iphuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka. Uma isixazululo singakwazi ukusabalalisa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo ithrafikhi kusuka kumadivayisi kuya kumaseva wokunqanyulwa futhi sinikeze ukuhluleka okuzenzakalelayo, akunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziselwe ukusetshenziselwa ukuthengisa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwesistimu yokwenza isipele ngokuzenzakalelayo, inethiwekhi eshesha kakhulu maduze noma kamuva izophenduka inethiwekhi "yezitini".
3. Ukuqapha izinga
Izixazululo eziningi azikwazi ukuthwebula amamethrikhi angukhiye mayelana nokusebenza kwedivayisi uma zingekho ku-inthanethi. Okusho ukuthi, uma kunenkinga ngenethiwekhi, u-opharetha wesistimu ngeke akwazi ukwenza ukuhlaziya kabusha kwedivayisi futhi aqonde ukuthi yayiyini inkinga ngempela.
Kungqalasizinda ebalulekile, amadivaysi kufanele aqophe inani eliphezulu lamamethrikhi phezu kweziteshi zokuxhumana uma kwenzeka "i-debriefing", akwazi ukukugcina lokhu futhi akudlulisele ohlelweni olumaphakathi ngaphandle kokulayisha amashaneli. Alukho uhlelo lokuqapha lomthombo ovulekile olungasindisa ngesikhathi esisodwa ithrafikhi futhi ilethe amamethrikhi e-retrospective.
4. Ezokuphepha
Inethiwekhi kufanele ivikeleke kakhulu ethonyeni elinonya ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi ilawulwe ngokugcwele yikhasimende ngakolunye.
5. Usekelo oluvela kumkhiqizi 24/7
Kunzima kakhulu ukuxhumana nomkhiqizi uma esendaweni yesikhathi ehlukile futhi ekhuluma ulimi oluhlukile noma ezibheka njengenkosi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukusabela komkhiqizi enkingeni yeklayenti kuncane, nokuthi isisombululo empeleni siyixazulula inkinga.
Ongakukhetha
1. Uma wenelisekile ngokusebenza kwanoma yisiphi isiteshi esisodwa futhi ufuna nje ukuba sohlangothini oluphephile, khetha ibhalansi. Simple, ezishibhile futhi ngempumelelo. Kungaba kuhle uma umkhiqizi efaka izindlela ezilandelayo:
-Umqondo wesiteshi esikhulu nesipele. Uma isiteshi esiyisipele sivuliwe kuphela lapho esiyinhloko singatholakali. Isiteshi esikhulu siyavula ngokushesha nje lapho sitholakala.
-Indlela yokuqapha ikhwalithi yesiteshi ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ithrafikhi yesevisi.
-Kuzoba usizo olukhulu ukukhulisa isivinini esiphelele ngokuhlukaniswa kwethrafikhi okusekelwe kuseshini phakathi kwamashaneli atholakalayo. Lokhu kuzonikeza ukukhuphuka okuphawulekayo kwesivinini, kodwa ngeke kunikeze ukwanda phakathi neseshini eyodwa.
Lezi zindlela zisebenza kuphela ngokubambisana.
2. Uma ungenaso isivinini esanele sanoma isiphi isiteshi esisodwa noma udinga isivinini esiphezulu, khetha izengezo. Ama-aggregator abiza okufanayo, kodwa angenza kancane.
Source: www.habr.com