I-MIT ithuthukise ukwakheka kwephrosesa entsha yezithombe. Izokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamanethiwekhi we-optical neural izikhathi eziyinkulungwane uma kuqhathaniswa namadivayisi afanayo.
I-chip izonciphisa inani likagesi elisetshenziswa isikhungo sedatha. Sizokutshela ukuthi isebenza kanjani.
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Kungani sidinga i-architecture entsha?
Amanethiwekhi e-Optical neural ayashesha kunezixazululo zendabuko ezisebenzisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Ukukhanya ukuhlukaniswa kwemizila yesignali, nemifudlana ye-laser iyakwazi ukudlulana ngaphandle kokuthintana. Ngakho, zonke izindlela zokubonisa zingasebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwedatha.
Kodwa kunenkinga - uma inethiwekhi ye-neural inkulu, idla amandla amaningi. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ama-accelerator chips akhethekile (ama-AI accelerator) ayathuthukiswa athuthukisa ukudluliswa kwedatha. Nokho, azilingani ngendlela esingathanda ngayo.
Inkinga yokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokukalwa kwama-chips optical yaxazululwa kwa-MIT kanye isakhiwo esisha se-photonic accelerator esinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwedivayisi izikhathi eziyinkulungwane futhi sisebenze ngamashumi ezigidi zama-neurons. Onjiniyela bathi esikhathini esizayo ubuchwepheshe buzothola ukusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zedatha ezisebenzisana nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nama-algorithms okufunda komshini, futhi zihlaziye idatha enkulu.
Unjani?
I-chip entsha yakhiwe ngesisekelo sesekethe ye-optoelectronic. Idatha edlulisiwe isafakwe ikhodi ngamasignali abonakalayo, kodwa ukutholwa kwe-homodyne okulinganiselwe kusetshenziselwa ukuphindaphinda kwe-matrix (). Lena inqubo evumela ukuthi ukhiqize isignali kagesi esekelwe kuma-optical amabili.
Indlela eyodwa yokubonisa isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ama-pulses okukhanya ngolwazi mayelana nama-neurons okufakwayo nokuphumayo. Idatha ngezisindo zama-neurons, ngokuphambene nalokho, iza ngamashaneli ahlukene. Zonke βziyahlukanaβ zibe iziqhumane zegridi ye-homodyne photodetectors, ebala inani lokukhiphayo ku-neuron ngayinye (nquma izinga lesignali). Lolu lwazi lube seluthunyelwa kumodeli, eguqula isignali kagesi ibuyele kokubonakalayo. Okulandelayo, kuthunyelwa kungqimba olulandelayo lwenethiwekhi ye-neural futhi inqubo iyaphindwa.
Emsebenzini wabo wesayensi, onjiniyela abavela ku-MIT umdwebo olandelayo wesendlalelo esisodwa:
Isithombe: / CC BY
Isakhiwo esisha se-accelerator ye-AI sidinga okokufaka okukodwa kanye nesiteshi esisodwa esiphumayo se-neuron ngayinye. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lama-photodetectors lilinganiswa nenani lama-neurons, kunokuba ama-coefficients awo wokulinganisa.
Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi wonge isikhala ku-chip, wandise inani lezindlela zesignali eziwusizo futhi wandise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Manje onjiniyela abavela ku-MIT bakha i-prototype ezohlola amakhono ezakhiwo ezintsha ngokusebenza.
Ubani omunye owenza ama-photonic chips?
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obufanayo I-Lightelligence iyisiqalo esincane esizinze eBoston. Abasebenzi benkampani bathi isisheshisi sabo se-AI sizovumela ukuxazulula izinkinga zokufunda ngomshini ngokushesha okukhulu kunamadivayisi akudala. Ngonyaka odlule, ithimba laliqedela ukwakha i-prototype yedivayisi yabo futhi lilungiselela ukwenza izivivinyo.
Isebenza emkhakheni we-photonic chips ne-Cisco. Ekuqaleni konyaka inkampani yamemezela i-Luxtera, eklama ama-photonic chips ezikhungo zedatha. Ikakhulukazi, inkampani ikhiqiza i-Hardware interfaces ekuvumela ukuthi uxhume i-fiber optics ngqo kumaseva. Le ndlela inyusa umthamo wenethiwekhi futhi isheshisa ukudluliswa kwedatha. Amadivayisi e-Luxtera asebenzisa ama-laser akhethekile ukuze afake ikhodi yolwazi kanye nezitholi zezithombe ze-germanium ukuze ziwususe ukubethela.
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Ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT, njenge-Intel, nazo ziyabandakanyeka kubuchwepheshe be-optical. Emuva ngo-2016, baqala ukukhiqiza ama-optical chips abo athuthukisa ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwezikhungo zedatha. Muva nje, abamele inhlangano ukuthi bahlela ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ngaphandle kwezikhungo zedatha - kuma-lidar wezimoto ezizishayelayo.
Uyini umugqa waphansi
Kuze kube manje, ubuchwepheshe be-photonic abukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi isisombululo sendawo yonke. Ukuqaliswa kwazo kudinga izindleko ezinkulu zokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kwezikhungo zedatha. Kodwa intuthuko efana nalezo ezithuthukiswayo e-MIT nakwezinye izinhlangano zizokwenza ama-optical chips ashibhe futhi cishe zizowavumela ukuthi anyuselwe emakethe enkulu yezinto zokusebenza zesikhungo sedatha.
Singaphakathi Sisiza izinkampani ukuthi zithuthukise ingqalasizinda ye-IT futhi zinikeze ngamasevisi amafu azimele kanye nama-hybrid. Yilokhu esibhala ngakho kubhulogi yethu yebhizinisi:
Source: www.habr.com