Isimo se-DevOps e-Russia 2020

Usiqonda kanjani ngisho isimo sento ethile?

Ungathembela embonweni wakho, owenziwe ngemithombo ehlukahlukene yolwazi, isibonelo, ukushicilelwa kumawebhusayithi noma ulwazi. Ungabuza ozakwenu nabangane. Enye inketho ukubheka izihloko zezingqungquthela: ikomidi lohlelo lingabameleli abakhuthele bemboni, ngakho siyabethemba ekukhetheni izihloko ezifanele. Indawo ehlukile wucwaningo nemibiko. Kodwa kukhona inkinga. Ucwaningo mayelana nesimo se-DevOps lwenziwa minyaka yonke emhlabeni jikelele, imibiko ishicilelwa izinkampani zangaphandle, futhi cishe akukho lwazi mayelana ne-Russian DevOps.

Kodwa selufikile usuku lapho kwenziwa ucwaningo olunjalo, futhi namuhla sizokutshela ngemiphumela etholiwe. Isimo se-DevOps eRussia safundwa ngokubambisana yizinkampani "Express 42"Futhi"Ontiko" Inkampani ye-Express 42 isiza izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zenze futhi zithuthukise imikhuba namathuluzi e-DevOps futhi yaba ngeyokuqala ukukhuluma nge-DevOps e-Russia. Ababhali bocwaningo, u-Igor Kurochkin no-Vitaly Khabarov, bahlanganyela ekuhlaziyeni nasekuboniseni i-Express 42, benesizinda sobuchwepheshe kusukela ekusebenzeni kanye nesipiliyoni ezinkampanini ezahlukene. Eminyakeni engu-8, ozakwabo babheke inqwaba yezinkampani namaphrojekthi - kusukela ekuqaleni kuya kumabhizinisi - anezinkinga ezahlukene, kanye nokuvuthwa okuhlukile kwamasiko nobunjiniyela.

Embikweni wabo, u-Igor noVitaly bachaza ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezazikhona phakathi nenqubo yocwaningo, ukuthi bazixazulula kanjani, kanye nokuthi ucwaningo lwe-DevOps lwenziwa kanjani ngokuyisisekelo nokuthi kungani i-Express 42 inqume ukwenza eyabo. Ungawubona umbiko wabo lapha.

Ucwaningo lwe-DevOps

U-Igor Kurochkin waqala ingxoxo.

Sivame ukubuza izethameli ezingqungqutheleni ze-DevOps: “Ingabe uwufundile umbiko walo nyaka we-State of DevOps?” Bambalwa kuphela abaphakamisa izandla zabo, kodwa ucwaningo lwethu lwabonisa ukuthi yingxenye yesithathu kuphela ebafundayo. Uma ungakaze uyibone imibiko enjalo, masisho ngokushesha ukuthi yonke iyafana kakhulu. Isikhathi esiningi kuba khona imishwana efana nokuthi: “Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule...”

Lapha sinenkinga yethu yokuqala, elandelwa ezinye ezimbili:

1. Asinayo idatha yonyaka odlule. Akekho onentshisekelo kusimo se-DevOps eRussia;
2. Indlela yokwenza. Akucaci ukuthi ungahlola kanjani imibono, indlela yokwakha imibuzo, indlela yokuhlaziya ukuhlaziywa, ukuqhathanisa imiphumela, ukuthola ukuxhumana;
3. Amagama. Yonke imibiko ingesiNgisi, ukuhumusha kuyadingeka, uhlaka olufanayo lwe-DevOps alukaqanjwa futhi wonke umuntu uza nowakhe.

Ake sibheke ukuthi ukuhlaziya isimo se-DevOps emhlabeni ngokuvamile kwenziwa kanjani.

Isizinda Esimlando

Ucwaningo lwe-DevOps lwenziwe kusukela ngo-2011. Owokuqala owawaqhuba kwakunguPuppet, umthuthukisi wezinhlelo zokuphatha ukucushwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungelinye lamathuluzi ayinhloko okuchaza ingqalasizinda ngendlela yekhodi. Kuze kube ngu-2013, lezi zifundo bezimane ziyinhlolovo ngendlela evaliwe futhi ngaphandle kokubikwa komphakathi.

Ngo-2013, kwavela i-IT Revolution, umshicileli wazo zonke izincwadi ezinkulu ku-DevOps. Bekanye noPuppet, balungiselela ukushicilelwa kokuqala kwe-"State of DevOps", lapho kuvele khona amamethrikhi angukhiye angu-4 okokuqala ngqa. Ngonyaka olandelayo, inkampani ebonisana neThimbaWorks, eyaziwa ngamarada ayo obuchwepheshe avamile mayelana nemikhuba namathuluzi embonini, yazibandakanya. Futhi ngo-2015, kwanezelwa isigaba esinendlela yokusebenza, futhi kwacaca ukuthi benza kanjani ukuhlaziya.

Ngo-2016, ababhali bocwaningo, sebedale inkampani yabo i-DORA (DevOps Research and Assessment), bashicilele umbiko wonyaka. Ngonyaka olandelayo, i-DORA kanye noPuppet bakhipha umbiko wabo wokugcina ngokuhlanganyela.

Bese izinto zaba mnandi:

Ngo-2018, izinkampani zahlukana futhi kwakhululwa imibiko emibili ezimele: owodwa uvela kuPuppet, owesibili uvela ku-DORA ngokubambisana ne-Google. I-DORA yaqhubeka nokusebenzisa indlela yayo ngamamethrikhi abalulekile, amaphrofayili okusebenza nezinqubo zobunjiniyela ezithinta amamethrikhi abalulekile nokusebenza kuyo yonke inkampani. Futhi iPuppet iphakamise indlela yayo ngencazelo yenqubo kanye nokuvela kwe-DevOps. Kodwa indaba ayizange iqhubeke; ngo-2019, uPuppet wayishiya le ndlela futhi wakhipha inguqulo entsha yemibiko, lapho ebala khona izinqubo ezibalulekile nokuthi zibathinta kanjani i-DevOps ngokombono wabo. Kwabe sekwenzeka enye into: I-Google yathenga i-DORA, futhi ndawonye bakhipha omunye umbiko. Mhlawumbe usubonile.

Kulo nyaka izinto zaba nzima. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uPuppet wethule ucwaningo lwayo. Bakwenza kusasele isonto lonke kunathi, futhi kwase kuqediwe. Sabamba iqhaza kuwo futhi sabona ukuthi yiziphi izihloko ezibathakazelayo. I-Puppet manje yenza ukuhlaziya kwayo futhi ilungiselela ukushicilela umbiko.

Kodwa namanje asikho isimemezelo esivela ku-DORA ne-Google. Ngo-May, lapho ngokuvamile kuqala ukuhlola, kwafika ulwazi lokuthi uNicole Forsgren, omunye wabasunguli be-DORA, wayethuthele kwenye inkampani. Ngakho-ke, sicabange ukuthi ngeke kube khona ucwaningo noma umbiko ovela kwa-DORA kulo nyaka.

Zinjani izinto eRussia?

Asenzanga noma yiluphi ucwaningo ku-DevOps. Sikhulume ezingqungqutheleni, sichaza iziphetho zabanye abantu, futhi uRaiffeisenbank wahumusha "Isimo Se-DevOps" sika-2019 (ungathola isimemezelo sabo ku-Habré), sibonga kakhulu kubo. Futhi konke.

Ngakho-ke, senze ucwaningo lwethu eRussia sisebenzisa izindlela ze-DORA nokutholakele. Sisebenzise umbiko wozakwethu bakwa-Raiffeisenbank ocwaningweni lwethu, okuhlanganisa nokuvumelanisa amagama kanye nokuhumusha. Futhi imibuzo efanele embonini ithathwe emibikweni ye-DORA kanye nohlu lwemibuzo lwalo nyaka lwe-Puppet.

Inqubo yocwaningo

Umbiko uyingxenye yokugcina kuphela. Yonke inqubo yocwaningo inezigaba ezine ezinkulu:

Phakathi nesigaba sokulungiselela, saxoxisana nochwepheshe bezimboni futhi salungiselela uhlu lwemibono. Ngokusekelwe kuyo, sihlanganise imibuzo futhi sethula inhlolovo yenyanga yonke ka-August. Sabe sesihlaziya futhi salungiselela umbiko ngokwawo. Ku-DORA, le nqubo ithatha izinyanga ezingu-6. Sikuqede ezinyangeni ezi-3, futhi manje siyaqonda ukuthi besincane isikhathi esanele: ngokwenza ukuhlaziya kuphela lapho uqonda ukuthi imiphi imibuzo okufanele ibuzwe.

abahlanganyeli

Yonke imibiko yangaphandle iqala ngesithombe sabahlanganyeli, futhi iningi labo aliveli eRussia. Amaphesenti abaphenduli baseRussia ashintshashintsha ukusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-1% unyaka nonyaka, futhi lokhu akusivumeli ukuthi sifinyelele iziphetho.

Imephu evela embikweni we-Accelerate State of DevOps 2019:

Ocwaningweni lwethu, sikwazile ukuxoxisana nabantu abangama-889 - kuningi kakhulu (i-DORA ihlola cishe abantu abayinkulungwane ngonyaka emibikweni yayo) futhi lapha sifinyelele umgomo wethu:

Yiqiniso, akubona bonke ababambiqhaza bethu abafinyelele ekupheleni: iphesenti lokuqeda belingaphansi kancane kwesigamu. Kodwa lokhu kwakwanele ukuthola isampula emele kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuziphatha. I-DORA ayiwadaluli amanani okuhlala emibikweni yayo, ngakho-ke ngeke kuqhathaniswe lapha.

Izimboni nezikhundla

Abaphendulayo bamele izimboni eziyishumi nambili. Umsebenzi oyingxenye kubuchwepheshe bolwazi. Lokhu kulandelwa yizinsizakalo zezezimali, ezohwebo, ezokuxhumana nokunye. Phakathi kwezikhundla kukhona ochwepheshe (umthuthukisi, umhloli, unjiniyela wokusebenza) kanye nabaphathi (abaholi bamaqembu, amaqembu, izindawo, abaqondisi):

Wonke umuntu wesibili usebenza enkampanini ephakathi nendawo. Wonke umuntu wesithathu usebenza ezinkampanini ezinkulu. Iningi lisebenza ngamaqembu abantu abangafika kwabayi-9. Ngokwehlukana, sibuze mayelana nemisebenzi eyinhloko, futhi iningi lihlobene ngandlela-thile noma enye, futhi cishe i-40% ihileleke ekuthuthukisweni:

Lena yindlela esiqoqe ngayo ulwazi ukuze siqhathanise futhi sihlaziye abamele izimboni ezahlukene, izinkampani, namaqembu. Uzakwethu u-Vitaly Khabarov uzokutshela mayelana nokuhlaziywa.

Ukuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa

U-Vitaly Khabarov: Sibonga kakhulu kubo bonke ababambiqhaza abaphothule inhlolovo yethu, bagcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo futhi basinika idatha ukuze sihlaziye futhi sihlole imibono yethu. Futhi sibonga amakhasimende ethu kanye namakhasimende, sinolwazi oluningi olusisize ukuhlonza izinkinga ezikhathaza umkhakha futhi sakhe imibono esiyihlolile ocwaningweni lwethu.

Ngeshwa, awukwazi nje ukuthatha uhlu lwemibuzo ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye nedatha ngakolunye, uqhathanise ngandlela-thile, uthi: "Yebo, konke kusebenza kanjalo, sasilungile" futhi sihambe ngezindlela zethu ezihlukene. Cha, sidinga indlela yokwenza kanye nezindlela zezibalo ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi besingenaphutha nokuthi iziphetho zethu zithembekile. Khona-ke singakha umsebenzi wethu owengeziwe ngesisekelo sale datha:

Amamethrikhi angukhiye

Sithathe indlela ye-DORA njengesisekelo, abayichaza ngokuningiliziwe encwadini ethi “Accelerate State of DevOps”. Sihlole ukuthi amamethrikhi angukhiye afanele yini imakethe yaseRussia, noma angasetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo nesetshenziswa i-DORA ukuphendula umbuzo: “Ingabe imboni yaseRussia ihambisana kanjani nemboni yangaphandle?”

Amamethrikhi angukhiye:

1. Imvamisa yokusebenzisa. Kukangaki inguqulo entsha yohlelo lokusebenza isetshenziswa endaweni yokukhiqiza (izinguquko ezihleliwe, ngaphandle kokulungisa okushisayo kanye nezimpendulo zesigameko)?
2. Isikhathi sokuthumela. Singakanani isikhathi esimaphakathi phakathi kokwenza ushintsho (umsebenzi wokubhala njengekhodi) nokusebenzisa ushintsho endaweni yokukhiqiza?
3. Isikhathi sokutakula. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ngokwesilinganiso ukubuyisela uhlelo lokusebenza endaweni yokukhiqiza ngemva kwesigameko, ukucekelwa phansi kwesevisi, noma ukutholwa kwephutha elithinta abasebenzisi bohlelo lokusebenza?
4. Izinguquko ezingaphumelelanga. Imaphi amaphesenti okusetshenziswa endaweni yomkhiqizo aholela ekonakaleni kohlelo lokusebenza noma ezehlakalweni futhi adinga ukuqedwa kwemiphumela (ukubuyisela emuva izinguquko, ukuthuthukisa i-hotfix noma isichibi)?

Ucwaningo lwe-DORA luthole ukuxhumana phakathi kwalawa mamethrikhi nokusebenza kwenhlangano. Siphinde sikuhlole esifundweni sethu.

Kodwa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi amamethrikhi amane abalulekile angaba nomthelela kokuthile, udinga ukuqonda - ingabe ahlobene ngandlela thize? I-DORA iphendule ngokuthi yebo, nge-caveat eyodwa: ubudlelwano phakathi kokushintsha Kwezinga Lokuhluleka kanye namanye ama-metrics amathathu bubuthakathaka kancane. Sithole cishe isithombe esifanayo. Uma isikhathi sokulethwa, imvamisa yokuphakwa nesikhathi sokuthola kabusha kuhlotshaniswa nesinye (sasungula lokhu kuhlobana ngokusebenzisa ukuhlobana kwe-Pearson nangesilinganiso se-Chaddock), khona-ke akukho ukuhlobana okuqinile okunjalo nezinguquko ezingaphumeleli.

Empeleni, iningi labaphendulayo livame ukuphendula ukuthi banenani elincane lezigameko ezenzeka ekukhiqizeni. Nakuba sizobona kamuva ukuthi kusenomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqembu abaphendulile ngezinga lezinguquko ezingaphumelelanga, okwamanje asikwazi ukusebenzisa le metric kulesi sigaba.

Lokhu sikubeka eqinisweni lokuthi (njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlaziya nokuxhumana namanye amakhasimende ethu) kunomehluko omncane ekuboneni lokho okubhekwa njengesigameko. Uma sikwazile ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwenkonzo yethu ngesikhathi sewindi lobuchwepheshe, lokhu kungathathwa njengesigameko? Mhlawumbe akunjalo, ngoba silungise konke, sibakhulu. Ingabe kungathathwa njengesigameko uma bekufanele siphinde sigoqe isicelo sethu izikhathi ezingu-10 ngendlela evamile, evamile? Kubonakala kungenjalo. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wobudlelwano phakathi kwezinguquko ezingaphumelelanga namanye amamethrikhi uhlala uvulekile. Sizoyicacisa ngokuqhubekayo.

Okubalulekile lapha ukuthi sithole ukuhlobana okubalulekile phakathi kwesikhathi sokulethwa, isikhathi sokutakula, kanye nemvamisa yokuthunyelwa. Ngakho-ke, sithathe lawa mamethrikhi amathathu ukuze siqhubeke sihlukanise abaphendulayo ngamaqembu ngokusekelwe ekukhiqizeni.

Ingakanani isisindo esingakala ngamagremu?

Sisebenzise ukuhlaziywa kweqoqo le-hierarchical:

• Sisabalalisa abaphendulayo esikhaleni esingu-n-dimensional, lapho ukuxhumanisa komphenduli ngamunye kuyizimpendulo zabo zemibuzo.
• Simemezela ukuthi ummangalelwa ngamunye uyiqoqo elincane.
• Sihlanganisa amaqoqo amabili asondelene kakhulu abe yiqoqo elikhulu.
• Sithola ipheya elandelayo yamaqoqo futhi siwahlanganise abe iqoqo elikhulu.

Lena yindlela esihlanganisa ngayo bonke abaphendulayo babe nenani lamaqoqo esiwadingayo. Ngokusebenzisa i-dendrogram (isihlahla sokuxhumana phakathi kwamaqoqo) sibona ibanga phakathi kwamaqoqo amabili angomakhelwane. Osekusele kithina wukubeka umkhawulo othize ebangeni eliphakathi kwala maqoqo bese sithi: “La maqembu amabili ahlukene kakhulu elinye nelinye ngoba ibanga eliphakathi kwawo likhulu.”

Kodwa kunenkinga efihliwe lapha: asinayo imingcele enanini lamaqoqo - singathola amaqoqo angu-2, 3, 4, 10. Futhi umbono wokuqala wawuwukuthi - kungani singahlukanisi bonke abaphendulayo babe ngamaqembu ama-4, njengoba kwenza i-DORA. Kodwa sithole ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwala maqembu uba mncane, futhi ngeke sibe nesiqiniseko sokuthi ummangalelwa ungoweqembu lakhe futhi akayena owamakhelwane. Okwamanje asikwazi ukuhlukanisa imakethe yaseRussia ngamaqembu amane. Ngakho-ke, sazinza kumaphrofayili amathathu, phakathi kwawo kukhona umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo:

Okulandelayo, sinqume iphrofayela ngeqoqo: sithathe ama-medians wemethrikhi ngayinye eqenjini ngalinye futhi sahlanganisa ithebula lamaphrofayili asebenza kahle. Eqinisweni, amaphrofayili wokusebenza angumphumela womhlanganyeli omaphakathi eqenjini ngalinye atholiwe. Sihlonze amaphrofayili amathathu asebenza kahle: Aphansi, Amaphakathi, Aphakeme:

Lapha siqinisekise umbono wethu wokuthi amamethrikhi angu-4 abalulekile afanele ukunquma iphrofayela yokusebenza, futhi asebenza kuzo zombili izimakethe zaseNtshonalanga nezaseRussia. Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu, futhi ubalulekile ngokwezibalo. Ngithanda ukugcizelela ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu olinganisweni phakathi kwamaphrofayela okusebenza wemethrikhi yezinguquko ezingaphumelelanga, nakuba ekuqaleni singazange sihlukanise abaphenduli ngale pharamitha.

Khona-ke umbuzo uphakama: kanjani ukusebenzisa konke lokhu?

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani

Uma sithatha noma yiliphi iqembu, amamethrikhi angu-4 abalulekile futhi silisebenzise etafuleni, khona-ke ku-85% wezimo ngeke sithole ukufana okuphelele - lona umhlanganyeli omaphakathi nje, hhayi lokho okungokoqobo. Sonke (kanye neqembu ngalinye) sihluke kancane.

Sihlolile: sithathe abaphendulayo kanye nephrofayili yokusebenza kwe-DORA, futhi sabheka ukuthi bangaki abaphendulayo abahambisana nephrofayili eyodwa noma enye. Sithole ukuthi u-16% kuphela wabaphenduli abawele ngokunembile kwenye yamaphrofayela. Zonke ezinye zihlakazeke ndawana thize phakathi:

Lokhu kusho ukuthi iphrofayili yokusebenza inobubanzi obunomkhawulo. Ukuze uthole isilinganiso sokuqala salapho ukhona, ungasebenzisa leli thebula: “Oh, kubukeka sengathi siseduze Okumaphakathi noma Okuphezulu!” Uma uqonda ukuthi uyaphi ngokulandelayo, kungase kwanele. Kodwa uma umgomo wakho uhlala njalo, uthuthuka okuqhubekayo, futhi ufuna ukwazi ngokunembile ukuthi ungathuthukisa kuphi nokuthi wenzeni, khona-ke izimali ezengeziwe ziyadingeka. Sazibiza ngokuthi izibali:

• DORA wokubala
• I-Calculator Express 42* (iyathuthukiswa)
• Ukuthuthuka kwakho (ungakha isibali sakho sangaphakathi).

Zidingekani? Ukuqondisisa:

• Ingabe iqembu elingaphakathi kwenhlangano yethu liyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zethu?
• Uma kungenjalo, singamsiza yini - sikusheshise ngaphakathi kohlaka lobuchwepheshe inkampani yethu enabo?
• Uma kunjalo, singakwazi yini ukwenza kangcono nakakhulu?

Ungakwazi futhi ukuzisebenzisa ukuqoqa izibalo ngaphakathi kwenkampani:

• Sinamaqembu anjani?
• Hlukanisa amaqembu abe amaphrofayili;
• Bona: O, lawa maqembu awasebenzi kahle (ahamba kancane), kodwa lawa mahle: asebenzisa nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwamaphutha, isikhathi sawo sokuhola singaphansi kwehora.

Bese ungathola ukuthi ngaphakathi kwenkampani yethu sinobuchwepheshe obudingekayo namathuluzi kulawo maqembu asahluleka.

Noma, uma uqonda ukuthi uzizwa umkhulu ngaphakathi kwenkampani, ukuthi ungcono kunabaningi, ungabheka kabanzi. Lona kanye imboni yaseRussia: singakwazi yini ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo embonini yaseRussia ukuze sisheshe thina? Isibali se-Express 42 sizosiza lapha (sisathuthukiswa). Uma usukhulile emakethe yaseRussia, bheka DORA wokubala nasezimakethe zomhlaba.

Kuhle. Futhi uma useqenjini le-Elit ngokusho kwesibali se-DORA, kufanele wenzeni? Asikho isixazululo esihle lapha. Kungenzeka ukuthi uphambili embonini, futhi ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kokwethembeka kungenzeka nge-R&D yangaphakathi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezinkulu.

Ake siqhubekele engxenyeni emnandi kakhulu - ukuqhathanisa.

Ukuqhathanisa

Ekuqaleni besifuna ukuqhathanisa imboni yaseRussia nemboni yaseNtshonalanga. Uma siqhathanisa ngokuqondile, sibona ukuthi sinamaphrofayili ambalwa, futhi axubene kakhudlwana, imingcele ifiphele kancane:

Abadlali bethu be-Elite bafihliwe phakathi kwabadlali abaPhezulu, kodwa bakhona - laba yi-elite, ama-unicorns afinyelele ukuphakama okuphawulekayo. E-Russia, umehluko phakathi kwephrofayili ye-Elite ne-High awukabaluleki ngokwanele. Sicabanga ukuthi esikhathini esizayo lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuzokwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwesiko lobunjiniyela, ikhwalithi yokuqaliswa kwezinqubo zobunjiniyela kanye nobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kwezinkampani.

Uma siqhubekela phambili ekuqhathaniseni okuqondile ngaphakathi kwemboni yaseRussia, sibona ukuthi amaqembu aphezulu wephrofayili angcono kuzo zonke izici. Siphinde saqinisekisa umbono wethu wokuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalawa mamethrikhi nokusebenza kwenhlangano: Amaqembu asezingeni eliphezulu maningi amathuba okuthi angafinyeleli nje kuphela imigomo, kodwa futhi adlule kuwo.
Masibe ngamaqembu ephrofayili ephezulu futhi singagcini lapho:

Kepha lo nyaka ukhethekile, futhi sinqume ukubheka ukuthi izinkampani ziphila kanjani kubhubhane: Amaqembu aphezulu abhekana kangcono kakhulu futhi azizwe engcono kunesilinganiso semboni:

• Imikhiqizo emisha ikhishwe izikhathi ezingu-1,5-2 kaningi,
• Ukwethenjelwa okwengeziwe kanye/noma ukusebenza kwengqalasizinda yesicelo izikhathi ezi-2 kaningi.

Okusho ukuthi, amakhono asebevele babasizile ukuthi bathuthuke ngokushesha, bethula imikhiqizo emisha, balungise imikhiqizo ekhona, ngaleyo ndlela banqobe izimakethe ezintsha nabasebenzisi abasha:

Yini enye esize amaqembu ethu?

Imikhuba yobunjiniyela

Ngizokutshela mayelana nokutholakele okubalulekile kokwenza ngakunye esikuhlolile. Mhlawumbe okunye okusize amaqembu, kodwa sikhuluma nge-DevOps. Futhi ngaphakathi kwe-DevOps, sibona umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu amaphrofayili ahlukene.

Inkundla njengesevisi

Asizange sithole ubudlelwano obubalulekile phakathi kweminyaka yobudala yenkundla kanye nephrofayela yeqembu: Amapulatifomu avele cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo kuwo womabili amaqembu aPhansi naPhezulu. Kepha kulokhu kokugcina, inkundla ihlinzeka ngokwesilinganiso ngezinsizakalo ezengeziwe kanye nokuxhumana okwengeziwe kwesoftware ukuze kulawuleke ngekhodi yohlelo. Futhi amaqembu enkundla maningi amathuba okuthi asize onjiniyela bawo namaqembu asebenzise inkundla, maningi amathuba okuthi axazulule izinkinga zawo nezigameko ezihlobene nenkundla, futhi aqeqeshe amanye amaqembu.

Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi

Konke lapha kusezingeni elihle. Sithole ubudlelwano phakathi kokuzenzakalela kwekhodi yengqalasizinda kanye nokuthi lungakanani ulwazi olugcinwe endaweni yengqalasizinda. Amaqembu ephrofayili ephezulu agcina ulwazi olwengeziwe kumakhosombe: lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucushwa kwengqalasizinda, ipayipi le-CI/CD, izilungiselelo zendawo kanye nemingcele yokwakha. Bagcina lolu lwazi kaningi, basebenza kangcono ngekhodi yengqalasizinda, futhi bazenzele izinqubo nemisebenzi eminingi yokusebenza ngekhodi yengqalasizinda.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi asibonanga mehluko omkhulu ekuhlolweni kwengqalasizinda. Lokhu ngikubalela eqinisweni lokuthi amaqembu e-High profile ngokuvamile ane-test automation eyengeziwe. Mhlawumbe akufanele baphazanyiswe ngokuhlukana kokuhlolwa kwengqalasizinda, kodwa kunalokho izivivinyo abazisebenzisayo ukuhlola izicelo zanele, futhi ngenxa yabo bayakwazi ukubona ukuthi baphule ini futhi kuphi.

Ukuhlanganisa kanye Nokulethwa

Isigaba esinesicefe kakhulu, ngoba siqinisekisile: uma unokuzenzela okwengeziwe, usebenza kangcono ngekhodi, maningi amathuba okuba uthole imiphumela engcono.

bokwakha

Besifuna ukubona ukuthi ama-microservices akuthinta kanjani ukusebenza. Ukukhuluma iqiniso, abakwenzi, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-microservices akuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwezinkomba zokusebenza kahle. Ama-Microservices asetshenziswa yiwo womabili amaqembu amaphrofayili aphezulu naphansi.

Kodwa okubalulekile ukuthi emaqenjini aphezulu, ukushintshela ekwakhiweni kwe-microservice kuwavumela ukuthi athuthukise izinsiza zawo ngokuzimela futhi azikhiphe. Uma i-architecture ivumela abathuthukisi ukuthi benze ngokuzimele, ngaphandle kokulinda othile ongaphandle eqenjini, khona-ke lokhu kuyikhono elibalulekile lokukhulisa isivinini. Yilapho ama-microservices esiza khona. Kodwa ukumane ukuqaliswa kwabo akudlali indima enkulu.

Sikuthole kanjani konke lokhu?

Sasinohlelo olunamandla lokuphindaphinda ngokuphelele indlela ye-DORA, kodwa sasintula izinsiza. Uma i-DORA isebenzisa uxhaso oluningi futhi ucwaningo lubathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha, siqhube ucwaningo lwethu ngesikhathi esifushane. Besifuna ukwakha imodeli ye-DevOps njengoba kwenza i-DORA, futhi sizokwenza lokho ngokuzayo. Okwamanje sizikhawulele kumamephu okushisa:

Sibheke ukusatshalaliswa kwezinqubo zobunjiniyela phakathi kwamaqembu ephrofayela ngayinye, futhi sathola ukuthi amaqembu Ephrofayili Ephezulu, ngokwesilinganiso, asebenzisa izinqubo zobunjiniyela kaningi. Ungafunda kabanzi ngakho konke lokhu esihlokweni sethu bika.

Ukuze uthole ushintsho, ake sishintshe izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi siye kwezilula.

Yini enye esiyitholile?

Amathuluzi

Siyabona ukuthi umndeni we-Linux OS usebenzisa imiyalo eminingi. Kodwa iWindows isahamba phambili - okungenani ingxenye yesine yabaphendulile iphawule ukusetshenziswa kwenguqulo yayo eyodwa noma enye. Imakethe ibonakala inalesi sidingo. Ngakho-ke, ungathuthukisa lawa makhono futhi wenze izethulo ezingqungqutheleni.

Phakathi kwama-orchestrators, akuyona imfihlo ukuthi uKubernetes uhola (52%). I-orchestrator elandelayo kulayini yi-Docker Swarm (cishe i-12%). Amasistimu e-CI aziwa kakhulu yi-Jenkins ne-GitLab. Isistimu yokuphatha ukucushwa edume kakhulu i-Ansible, ilandelwa yiShell yethu esiyithandayo.

Phakathi kwabahlinzeki bokusingatha amafu, i-Amazon njengamanje ibambe isikhundla esiphambili. Isabelo samafu aseRussia sikhula kancane kancane. Ngonyaka ozayo kuzothakazelisa ukubona ukuthi abahlinzeki bamafu baseRussia bazozizwa kanjani nokuthi isabelo sabo semakethe sizokhula. Zikhona, zingasetshenziswa, futhi lokho kuhle:

Nginikeza u-Igor, ozonikeza izibalo ezengeziwe.

Ukusabalala kwemikhuba

U-Igor Kurochkin: Ngokwehlukana, sibuze abaphendulayo ukuthi bakhombise ukuthi izinqubo ezicatshangelwayo zobunjiniyela zisatshalaliswa kanjani enkampanini. Izinkampani eziningi zinendlela exubile ehlanganisa isethi ehlukile yamaphethini, futhi amaphrojekthi okuhlola athandwa kakhulu. Siphinde sabona umehluko omncane phakathi kwamaphrofayili. Abamele Iphrofayili Ephezulu bavame ukusebenzisa iphethini ethi "Isinyathelo esisuka ngezansi", lapho amaqembu amancane ochwepheshe eshintsha izinqubo zomsebenzi, amathuluzi, futhi abelane ngentuthuko eyimpumelelo namanye amaqembu. Ku-Medium, lolu wuhlelo olusuka phansi oluthinta inkampani yonke ngokwakhiwa kwemiphakathi nezikhungo zokwenza kahle:

I-Agile ne-DevOps

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-Agile ne-DevOps buvame ukuxoxwa ngayo embonini. Lo mbuzo uphinde uphakanyiswe ku-State of Agile Report ka-2019/2020, ngakho-ke sinqume ukuqhathanisa ukuthi imisebenzi ye-Agile ne-DevOps ezinkampanini ihlobene kanjani. Sithole ukuthi i-DevOps ngaphandle kwe-Agile ayivamile. Engxenyeni yabaphenduli, ukusabalala kwe-Agile kwaqala ngokuphawulekayo ngaphambili, futhi cishe i-20% yabona isiqalo ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi enye yezimpawu zephrofayili ephansi kuyoba ukungabikho kwemikhuba ye-Agile ne-DevOps:

Ama-topology eqembu

Ekupheleni konyaka odlule incwadi ethi “Ama-topology eqembu", ephakamisa uhlaka lokuchaza ama-topology eqembu. Sasizibuza ukuthi izosebenza yini ezinkampanini zaseRussia. Futhi sibuze umbuzo: "Yimaphi amaphethini owabonayo?"

Amathimba ezingqalasizinda abonwa engxenyeni yabaphenduli, kanye namathimba ahlukene okuthuthukisa, ukuhlola nokusebenza. Amaqembu e-DevOps angawodwana aphawule ama-45%, phakathi kwawo abameleli Abaphezulu abavame kakhulu. Okulandelayo kuza amaqembu ahlukene, nawo ajwayeleke kakhulu e-High. Imiyalo ehlukene ye-SRE ivela kumaphrofayela aphezulu, Amaphakathi futhi ayitholakali kuphrofayela ephansi:

Isilinganiso se-DevQaOps

Siwubonile lo mbuzo ku-FaceBook ovela kuthimba eliholayo lethimba lenkundla ye-Skyeng - ubenentshisekelo kusilinganiso sonjiniyela, abahloli nabaphathi ezinkampanini. Siyibuzile futhi sabheka izimpendulo ngokucabangela amaphrofayili: abamele Iphrofayili Ephezulu banenombolo encane yonjiniyela bokuhlola nokusebenza kunjiniyela ngamunye:

Izinhlelo zika-2021

Ezinhlelweni zabo zonyaka olandelayo, abaphendulile baphawule le misebenzi elandelayo:

Lapha ungabona ukuhlangana kwengqungquthela ye-DevOps Live 2020. Sibuyekeze uhlelo ngokucophelela:

• Ingqalasizinda njengomkhiqizo
• Ukuguqulwa kwe-DevOps
• Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinqubo ze-DevOps
• I-DevSecOps
• Amakilabhu wecala nezingxoxo

Kodwa inkulumo yethu ngeke ibe nesikhathi esanele sokuhlanganisa zonke izihloko. Ngemuva kwezinto:

• Inkundla njengesevisi futhi njengomkhiqizo;
• Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi, izindawo kanye namafu;
• Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo nokulethwa;
• I-Architecture;
• Amaphethini we-DevSecOps;
• Inkundla namaqembu ahlukahlukene.

Bika Eyethu i-voluminous, amakhasi angama-50 ubude, futhi ungabheka ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukufingqa

Sithemba ukuthi ucwaningo lwethu kanye nombiko kuzokukhuthaza ukuthi uzame izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa, ukuhlola, nokusebenza, kanye nokukusiza ukuthi uthole ukuhambisana kwakho, uziqhathanise nabanye ocwaningweni, futhi ukhombe izindawo ongathuthukisa kuzo izindlela zakho. .

Imiphumela yocwaningo lokuqala lwesimo se-DevOps eRussia:

• Amamethrikhi angukhiye. Sithole ukuthi amamethrikhi angukhiye (isikhathi sokulethwa, izinga lokuphakelwa, isikhathi sokuthola kabusha, nokwehluleka koshintsho) afanele ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokuthuthukisa, ukuhlola, nezinqubo zokusebenza.
• Amaphrofayili aphezulu, aphakathi, aphansi. Ngokusekelwe kudatha eqoqiwe, kungenzeka ukuhlonza amaqembu ahlukene ngokwezibalo: Okuphezulu, Okumaphakathi, Okuphansi, anezici ezihlukile ezisekelwe kumamethrikhi, izinqubo, izinqubo namathuluzi. Abamele Iphrofayili Ephezulu babonisa imiphumela engcono kunePhansi. Kungenzeka ukuthi bazuze futhi badlule imigomo yabo.
• Izinkomba, ubhubhane kanye nezinhlelo zika-2021. Inkomba ekhethekile kulo nyaka ukuthi izinkampani zibhekane kanjani nalolu bhubhane. Okuphezulu kusebenze kangcono, kube nokwanda komsebenzi wabasebenzisi, futhi izizathu eziyinhloko zempumelelo kwakuyizinqubo zokuthuthukisa ezisebenza kahle kanye nesiko lobunjiniyela eliqinile.
• Imikhuba ye-DevOps, amathuluzi nokuthuthukiswa kwawo. Izinhlelo eziyinhloko zezinkampani zonyaka ozayo zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhuba namathuluzi e-DevOps, ukwethulwa kwezinqubo ze-DevSecOps, kanye nezinguquko kusakhiwo senhlangano. Futhi ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ze-DevOps kwenziwa ngamaphrojekthi okulinga, ukwakhiwa kwemiphakathi nezikhungo zamakhono, imizamo emazingeni aphezulu naphansi enkampani.

Sizojabula ukuzwa ukubuyekezwa kwakho, izindaba, impendulo. Sibonga wonke umuntu obambe iqhaza ocwaningweni futhi sibheke ngabomvu ukuhlanganyela kwakho ngonyaka ozayo.

Source: www.habr.com