Lesi ngesokuqala ochungechungeni lokuthunyelwe mayelana nezinguquko, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokwengezwa kusibuyekezo esizayo se-Red Hat OpenShift platform 4.0 esizokusiza ulungiselele ukushintshela enguqulweni entsha.
Kusukela ngesikhathi umphakathi osafufusa wakwaKubernetes uhlangana okokuqala ehhovisi le-Google e-Seattle ekwindla ka-2014, iphrojekthi ye-Kubernetes yayimiselwe ukuguqula indlela isofthiwe ethuthukiswa ngayo futhi isetshenziswe namuhla. Ngaso leso sikhathi, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zamafu omphakathi baqhubekile nokutshala imali ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda nezinsizakalo, okwenze ukusebenza ne-IT nokwenza isoftware kube lula futhi kufinyeleleke kakhudlwana, futhi kwabenza bathengeka ngendlela emangalisayo, abambalwa ababengayicabanga ekuqaleni ishumi leminyaka.
Vele, isimemezelo senkonzo entsha yefu ngayinye sasihambisana nezingxoxo eziningi phakathi kochwepheshe ku-Twitter, futhi izimpikiswano zenziwa ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene - okuhlanganisa ukuphela kwenkathi yomthombo ovulekile, ukwehla kwe-IT emagcekeni, kanye nokungenakugwemeka. ye-software entsha ye-monopoly.efwini, nokuthi i-paradigm X entsha izongena kanjani esikhundleni sawo wonke amanye ama-paradigm.
Akudingekile ukusho, zonke lezi zingxabano zaziwubuwula kakhulu
Iqiniso liwukuthi akukho okuzohamba, futhi namuhla singabona ukukhula okuphawulekayo emikhiqizweni yokugcina kanye nendlela ethuthukiswa ngayo, ngenxa yokuvela njalo kwesofthiwe entsha ekuphileni kwethu. Futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi konke okuzungezile kuzoshintsha, ngesikhathi esifanayo, empeleni, konke kuzohlala kungashintshiwe. Abathuthukisi be-Software basazobhala ikhodi enamaphutha, onjiniyela bokusebenza kanye nochwepheshe bokwethenjwa basazohambahamba nama-pager futhi bathole izexwayiso ezizenzakalelayo ku-Slack, abaphathi basazosebenza emicabangweni ye-OpEx ne-CapEx, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, abathuthukisi bonjiniyela uzobubula ngokudabukisayo ngala mazwi: "Nginitshelile"...
Hawu ngempela kufanele kuxoxwe, yimaphi amathuluzi esingaba nawo okudala imikhiqizo yesofthiwe engcono, nokuthi ingakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuvikeleka futhi yenze ukuthuthukiswa kube lula futhi kuthembeke kakhudlwana. Njengoba amaphrojekthi eba nzima kakhulu, kuphakama izingozi ezintsha, futhi namuhla izimpilo zabantu zincike kakhulu kuma-software kangangokuthi abathuthukisi kufanele bazame ukwenza imisebenzi yabo kangcono.
I-Kubernetes ingelinye lamathuluzi anjalo. Uyaqhubeka umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa i-Red Hat OpenShift namanye amathuluzi namasevisi ibe inkundla eyodwa engenza isofthiwe ithembeke kakhudlwana, ilawuleke kalula, futhi iphephe kubasebenzisi.
Sekushiwo lokho, ithimba le-OpenShift libuza umbuzo owodwa olula:
Ungakwenza kanjani ukusebenza ne-Kubernetes kube lula futhi kube lula?
Impendulo isobala ngokumangalisayo:
- shintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo izici eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusetshenziswa efwini noma ngaphandle kwefu;
- gxila ekuthembekeni ngenkathi ufihla ubunkimbinkimbi;
- qhubeka nokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuze ukhulule izibuyekezo ezilula nezivikelekile;
- ukufinyelela ukulawula kanye nokuhleleka;
- lwela ukuthi ekuqaleni uqinisekise ukuvikeleka okuphezulu, kodwa hhayi ngezindleko zokusebenziseka.
Ukukhishwa okulandelayo kwe-OpenShift kufanele kucabangele kokubili ulwazi lwabadali nolwazi lwabanye onjiniyela abasebenzisa isofthiwe ngezinga elikhulu ezinkampanini ezinkulu emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele icabangele konke okuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqiwe kwezinhlelo zemvelo ezivulekile ezingaphansi kwezwe lanamuhla. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukushiya umqondo wakudala womthuthukisi oyimfundamakhwela bese udlulela kufilosofi entsha yekusasa elizenzakalelayo. Idinga ukuvala igebe phakathi kwezindlela ezindala nezintsha zokusebenzisa isofthiwe, futhi isebenzise ngokugcwele yonke ingqalasizinda etholakalayo—noma ngabe isingathwa umhlinzeki omkhulu wamafu noma isebenzisa amasistimu amancane ekugcineni.
Ungawufinyelela kanjani lo mphumela?
E-Red Hat, kuyisiko ukwenza umsebenzi oyisicefe futhi ongabongi isikhathi eside ukuze ulondoloze umphakathi osungulwe futhi uvimbele ukuvalwa kwamaphrojekthi lapho inkampani ihileleka khona. Umphakathi womthombo ovulekile uqukethe inani elikhulu labathuthukisi abanamakhono abakha izinto ezimangalisa kakhulu - ezijabulisayo, ezifundisayo, ezivula amathuba amasha futhi amahle nje, kodwa, yiqiniso, akekho olindele ukuthi wonke umuntu ahambe ngendlela efanayo noma aphishekele imigomo efanayo. . Ukusebenzisa la mandla futhi siwaqondise endleleni efanele ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindawo ezingazuzisa abasebenzisi bethu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele siqaphe intuthuko yemiphakathi yethu futhi sifunde kuyo.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2018, i-Red Hat ithole iphrojekthi ye-CoreOS, eyayinemibono efanayo ngekusasa - evikelekile kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa, eyakhiwe ngezimiso zomthombo ovulekile. Inkampani isebenzele ukuthuthukisa le mibono futhi iyisebenzise, sisebenzisa ifilosofi yethu - izama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke ama-software asebenza ngokuphepha. Wonke lo msebenzi wakhiwe ku-Kubernetes, i-Linux, amafu omphakathi, amafu ayimfihlo, kanye nezinkulungwane zeminye imiklamo esekela i-ecosystem yethu yesimanje yedijithali.
Ukukhishwa okusha kwe-OpenShift 4 kuzocaca, kuzenzekele futhi kube ngokwemvelo
Inkundla ye-OpenShift izosebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux ezingcono kakhulu nezithembeke kakhulu, ezinokwesekwa kwezingxenyekazi zensimbi ezingenalutho, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo okulula, ukuhlelwa kwengqalasizinda okuzenzakalelayo kanye, vele, iziqukathi (empeleni okuyizithombe ze-Linux).
Inkundla kufanele ivikeleke kusukela ekuqaleni, kodwa isavumele onjiniyela ukuthi babhale kalula—okungukuthi, bavumelane nezimo futhi bavikeleke ngokwanele kuyilapho besavumela abalawuli ukuthi bayihlole futhi bayilawule kalula.
Kufanele ivumele isofthiwe ukuthi isetshenziswe “njengesevisi” futhi ingaholeli ekukhuleni kwengqalasizinda okungalawuleki kubasebenzisi.
Kuzovumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bagxile ekudaleni imikhiqizo yangempela yabasebenzisi namakhasimende. Ngeke kudingeke ukuthi udabule ehlathini le-hardware nezilungiselelo zesofthiwe, futhi zonke izinkinga zephutha zizoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule.
I-OpenShift 4: Inkundla ye-NoOps engadingi ukulungiswa
В ichaze leyo misebenzi eye yasiza ekulolongeni umbono wenkampani we-OpenShift 4. Umgomo wethimba uwukwenza lula imisebenzi yansuku zonke yokusebenza nokugcina isofthiwe ngendlela engenzeka, ukwenza lezi zinqubo zibe lula futhi zikhululeke - kokubili kochwepheshe abathintekayo ekusetshenzisweni nasekuthuthukisweni. Kodwa ungasondela kanjani kulo mgomo? Ungayakha kanjani inkundla yokusebenzisa isoftware edinga ukungenelela okuncane? Asho ukuthini ama-NoOps kulo mongo?
Uma uzama ukukhipha, konjiniyela imiqondo ethi “serverless” noma “NoOps” isho amathuluzi namasevisi akuvumela ukuthi ufihle ingxenye “esebenzayo” noma unciphise lo mthwalo kunjiniyela.
- Ungasebenzi ngamasistimu, kodwa ngezisetshenziswa zokusebenzelana (ama-API).
- Ungazihluphi ngokufaka isofthiwe - vumela umhlinzeki akwenzele yona.
- Ungagxumi ekudaleni uhlaka olukhulu ngaso leso sikhathi - qala ngokubhala izingcezu ezincane ezizosebenza "njengamabhulokhi wokwakha", zama ukwenza le khodi isebenze ngedatha nemicimbi, hhayi ngamadiski nezizindalwazi.
Umgomo, njengangaphambili, ukusheshisa ukuphindaphinda ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe, ukunikeza ithuba lokudala imikhiqizo engcono, futhi ukuze umthuthukisi angakhathazeki ngezinhlelo isofthiwe yakhe esebenza kuzo. Umthuthukisi onolwazi wazi kahle ukuthi ukugxila kubasebenzisi kungashintsha isithombe ngokushesha, ngakho-ke akufanele wenze umzamo omkhulu ekubhaleni isofthiwe ngaphandle uma uqinisekile ukuthi iyadingeka.
Kochwepheshe bokunakekela nokusebenza, igama elithi “NoOps” lingase lizwakale lisabisa kancane. Kodwa lapho kuxhunywana nonjiniyela bensimu, kuba sobala ukuthi amaphethini namasu abawasebenzisayo ahloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokwethembeka (Ubunjiniyela Bokuthenjwa Kwesayithi, i-SRE) banokufana okuningi namaphethini achazwe ngenhla:
- Ungawaphathi amasistimu - enza ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo zawo zokuphatha.
- Ungasebenzisi isofthiwe - dala ipayipi ukuze ulisebenzise.
- Gwema ukuhlanganisa zonke izinsiza zakho ndawonye futhi uvumele ukwehluleka kokukodwa kubangele lonke uhlelo lwehluleke—uhlakaze kuyo yonke ingqalasizinda yakho usebenzisa amathuluzi ezishintshayo, futhi uwaxhume ngezindlela ezingaqashelwa futhi ziqashwe.
Ama-SRE ayazi ukuthi kukhona okungahamba kahle futhi kuzodingeka alandelele futhi alungise inkinga—ngakho-ke ashintsha umsebenzi ojwayelekile futhi abeke isabelomali samaphutha kusenesikhathi ukuze alungele ukubeka phambili futhi enze izinqumo lapho kuphakama inkinga.
I-Kubernetes ku-OpenShift iyinkundla eklanyelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezimbili eziyinhloko: esikhundleni sokukuphoqelela ukuthi uqonde imishini ebonakalayo noma ama-API abhalansi wokulayisha, isebenza ngokukhipha okune-oda eliphezulu - izinqubo zokuthunyelwa kanye nezinsizakalo. Esikhundleni sokufaka ama-ejenti esofthiwe, ungasebenzisa iziqukathi, futhi esikhundleni sokubhala isitaki sakho sokuqapha, sebenzisa amathuluzi asevele ekhona endaweni yesikhulumi. Ngakho-ke, i-sauce eyimfihlo ye-OpenShift 4 ayiyona imfihlo ngempela - kuyindaba nje yokuthatha izimiso ze-SRE nemiqondo engenasiphakeli bese uyisa esiphethweni sayo esinengqondo ukuze usize onjiniyela nonjiniyela bokusebenza:
- Yenza futhi ulinganise ingqalasizinda esetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenza
- Xhumanisa izinqubo zokuphakwa nezokuthuthuka ndawonye ngaphandle kokukhawulela onjiniyela ngokwabo
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwethulwa, ukuhlola, nokuvikela isevisi ye-XNUMX, isici, uhlelo lokusebenza, noma isitaki sonke akunzima ukwedlula esokuqala.
Kepha uyini umehluko phakathi kweplatifomu ye-OpenShift 4 nabanduleli bayo kanye nendlela “ejwayelekile” yokuxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo? Yini eqhuba isikali sokuqaliswa kanye namaqembu okusebenza? Ngenxa yokuthi inkosi ekulesi simo iyiqoqo. Ngakho,
- Siyaqinisekisa ukuthi inhloso yamaqoqo icacile (Dear cloud, ngicoshe leli qoqo ngoba ngikwazile)
- Imishini namasistimu okusebenza akhona ukuze asebenzele iqoqo (Ubukhosi Bakho)
- Phatha isimo sababungazi kusukela kuqoqo, unciphise ukwakha kabusha (drift).
- Engxenyeni ngayinye ebalulekile yesistimu, i-nanny (inqubo) iyadingeka ezoqapha futhi iqede izinkinga
- Ukwehluleka kwazo zonke izici* noma ingxenye yesistimu kanye nezindlela zokutakula ezihambisanayo kuyingxenye evamile yempilo
- Yonke ingqalasizinda kufanele ilungiswe nge-API.
- Sebenzisa i-Kubernetes ukusebenzisa i-Kubernetes. (Yebo, yebo, lokho akuyona i-typo)
- Izibuyekezo kufanele zibe lula futhi zingabi nankinga ukuzifaka. Uma kuthatha ukuchofoza okungaphezu kokukodwa ukufaka isibuyekezo, kusobala ukuthi kukhona okungalungile esikwenzayo.
- Ukuqapha nokulungisa amaphutha noma iyiphi ingxenye akumele kube yinkinga, ngakho-ke ukulandelela nokubika kuyo yonke ingqalasizinda kufanele kube lula futhi kube lula.
Ingabe ufuna ukubona amakhono enkundla esebenza?
Inguqulo yokubuka kuqala ye-OpenShift 4 isiyatholakala konjiniyela. Ngesifaki esisebenziseka kalula, ungakwazi ukusebenzisa iqoqo ku-AWS phezu kwe-Red Had CoreOS. Ukuze usebenzise ukubuka kuqala, udinga kuphela i-akhawunti ye-AWS ukuze unikeze ingqalasizinda kanye nesethi yama-akhawunti ukuze ufinyelele izithombe zokubuka kuqala.
- Ukuze uqalise, yiya ku bese uchofoza "Qala".
- Ngena ngemvume ku-akhawunti yakho ye-Red Hat (noma dala entsha) bese ulandela imiyalelo ukuze usethe iqoqo lakho lokuqala.
Ngemva kokufaka ngempumelelo, hlola izifundo zethu ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile kwezinhlelo nemiqondo eyenza inkundla ye-OpenShift 4 ibe yindlela elula nelula yokusebenzisa i-Kubernetes.
Zama ukukhishwa okusha kwe-OpenShift futhi wabelane ngombono wakho. Sizibophezele ekwenzeni ukusebenza no-Kumbernetes kufinyeleleke futhi kungabi namandla ngangokunokwenzeka—ikusasa lama-NoOps liqala namuhla.
Manje qaphela!
Engqungqutheleni Ngo-Ephreli 20, omunye wabathuthukisi be-OpenShift, u-Vadim Rutkovsky, uzobamba i-master class - uzophula amaqoqo ayishumi futhi abaphoqe ukuba bawalungise. Ingqungquthela iyakhokhelwa, kodwa ngekhodi yephromoshini ethi #RedHat uthola isaphulelo esingu-37%.
Ikilasi lika-Master ngo-17:15 - 18:15, futhi itafula livuliwe usuku lonke. Izikibha, izigqoko, izitika - okujwayelekile!
Ihholo #2
"Lapha lonke uhlelo ludinga ukushintshwa: silungisa amaqoqo e-k8s aphukile kanye nomakhenikha abaqinisekisiwe."
Source: www.habr.com