Ngaphambili thina mayelana ne-Continuous Integration (CI). Asiqhubeke ne-Continuous Delivery. Lena isethi yezindlela zokuthuthukisa isofthiwe. Kuyasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhodi yakho isilungele ukusetshenziswa.
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История
Ibinzana elithi ukulethwa okuqhubekayo lingabonwa emuva kusukela ngo-2001 ekuqaleni kohlu lwezimiso eziyisisekelo: "Okubalulekile ukuxazulula izinkinga zamakhasimende ngokuletha okuqhubekayo kwesofthiwe yakamuva."
Ngo-2010, uJez Humble noDavid Farley bakhululwe Ngokudiliva Okuqhubekayo. Ngokusho kwababhali, i-CD iyahambisana nendlela futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wenze lula ukulungiswa kwekhodi ukuze isetshenziswe.
Ngemva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi, le ndlela yaqala ukuthandwa futhi eminyakeni embalwa yacishe yamukelwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuvumelana ne , olwenziwa phakathi konjiniyela abangaphezu kuka-600 nabaphathi be-IT ngo-2014, u-97% wabaphathi bezobuchwepheshe kanye no-84% wabahleli bezinhlelo babejwayele ukulethwa Okuqhubekayo.
Manje le ndlela isengenye yezithandwa kakhulu. Ngokocwaningo lwango-2018 olubandakanya umphakathi we-IT i-DevOps kanye no-Jenkins Community, it ingxenye yabangaphezu kwenkulungwane okwaxoxwa nabo.
Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-Continuous Delivery?
Isisekelo se-CD siwukulungela kwekhodi ukuthunyelwa. Ukufeza lo msebenzi, kusetshenziswa i-automation yenqubo yokulungiselela isoftware ukuze ikhishwe. Kufanele ibe yindinganiso kuzo zonke izindawo ezihlukene zokuthuthukiswa, okuzosiza ukuthola ngokushesha amaphuzu abuthakathaka futhi uwathuthukise. Ngokwesibonelo, sheshisa ukuhlola.
Isibonelo senqubo Yokulethwa Okuqhubekayo sibukeka kanje:
Uma indlela Yokuhlanganisa Okuqhubekayo inesibopho sokuzenzakalela izigaba ezimbili zokuqala, khona-ke Ukulethwa Okuqhubekayo kunesibopho sezibili ezilandelayo. Ukuzinza kwenqubo kuqinisekiswa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngamasistimu . Baqapha izinguquko kwingqalasizinda, isizindalwazi kanye nokuncika. Ukuthunyelwa ngokwako kungenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo noma kwenziwe mathupha.
Lezi zidingo ezilandelayo zibekwe ohlelweni:
- Ukutholakala kolwazi mayelana nokulungela ukungena endaweni yokukhiqiza kanye nokulungela ukukhishwa ngokushesha (amathuluzi e-CD ahlola ikhodi futhi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola umthelela wezinguquko ekukhishweni).
- Isibopho sisonke somkhiqizo wokugcina. Ithimba lomkhiqizo - abaphathi, abathuthukisi, abahloli - cabanga ngomphumela, hhayi nje ngendawo yabo yesibopho (umphumela uwukukhululwa okusebenzayo okutholakala kubasebenzisi bomkhiqizo).
Kuma-CD ngokuvamile kuyasetshenziswa , kanye nokuqoqa imibono yekhasimende - isimiso . Isici esisha siqale sikhishwe engxenyeni encane yabasebenzisi - ulwazi lwabo lokusebenzelana nomkhiqizo lusiza ukuthola ukushiyeka neziphazamisi ezingazange zibonwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi.
Iyini inzuzo
Ukulethwa Okuqhubekayo kusiza ukwenza lula ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi, okunomthelela omuhle ekukhiqizeni futhi kunciphisa amathuba okutubeka kwezisebenzi. Ekugcineni, lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zokuthuthukiswa zizonke. Isibonelo, i-CD yasiza elinye lamaqembu e-HP izindleko ezinjalo ngama-40%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokocwaningo lwango-2016 (ikhasi 28 ) - izinkampani ezisebenzise ama-CD zixazulula izinkinga zokuphepha kolwazi ngokushesha ngamaphesenti angama-50 kunalezo ezingasebenzisi le ndlela. Ngokwezinga elithile, lo mehluko ungachazwa ngokusebenza kwamathuluzi e-automation.
Okunye ukuhlanganisa ukusheshisa ukukhishwa. Ukulethwa okuqhubekayo kusitudiyo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-Finnish khuphula isivinini sokuhlanganisa amakhodi ngo-25%.
Ubunzima obungaba khona
Inkinga yokuqala neyinhloko yisidingo sokwakha kabusha izinqubo ezijwayelekile. Ukukhombisa izinzuzo zendlela entsha, kufanelekile ukushintshela ku-CD kancane kancane, ungaqali ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga abasebenzi abaningi.
Inkinga yesibili engaba khona yinani elikhulu lamagatsha ekhodi. Umphumela "wegatsha" ukungqubuzana okuvamile kanye nokulahlekelwa okwengeziwe kwesikhathi esiningi. Isixazululo esingenzeka - indlela .
Ikakhulukazi, kwezinye izinkampani ubunzima obukhulu buvela ngokuhlolwa - kuthatha isikhathi esiningi kakhulu. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngokuvamile kufanele ihlaziywe mathupha, kodwa isisombululo esingaba khona kungaba ukufanisa ukuhlolwa ezigabeni zokuqala zokusetshenziswa kwe-CD.
Kufanele futhi uqeqeshe abasebenzi ukuthi basebenze ngamathuluzi amasha - uhlelo lokufundisa lokuqala luzokonga umzamo wonjiniyela nesikhathi.
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Amathuluzi
Nawa amathuluzi ambalwa avuliwe Okulethwa Okuqhubekayo:
- - iseva yokulethwa okuqhubekayo ku-Java naku-JRuby on Rails. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule yonke inqubo yokulethwa kwesicelo: ukwakha—hlola—ukukhishwa. Ithuluzi lisatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Apache 2.0. Ungayithola kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni .
- - uhlaka lokudala imibhalo eyenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ku-Ruby, Java noma PHP. I-Capistrano iyakwazi ukwenza imiyalo emshinini oqhelile ngokuxhuma kuwo nge-SSH. Isebenza namanye amathuluzi okuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo namathuluzi okulethwa, njengeseva ye-Integrity CI.
- iyithuluzi lezingxenyekazi eziningi elenza ngokuzenzakalelayo wonke umjikelezo wokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza. I-Gradle isebenza ne-Java, i-Python, i-C/C++, i-Scala, njll. Kukhona ukuhlanganiswa ne-Eclipse, IntelliJ kanye ne-Jenkins.
- - Ipulatifomu ye-CD ngolimi lwe-Go. I-Drone ingafakwa endaweni noma emafini. Ithuluzi lakhiwe phezu kweziqukathi futhi lisebenzisa amafayela e-YAML ukuze liwaphathe.
- - inkundla yokulethwa kwekhodi okuqhubekayo ezinhlelweni zamafu amaningi. Ithuthukiswe yi-Netflix, onjiniyela be-Google badlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwethuluzi. Imiyalo yokufaka .
Ongakufunda kubhulogi yethu yebhizinisi:
Source: www.habr.com