Namuhla sizobheka umlando wethemu, sixoxe ngobunzima bokusebenzisa i-CI, futhi sinikeze amathuluzi amaningana adumile azokusiza ukuthi usebenze ngawo.
/flickr/ / / Isithombe sishintshiwe
Leli gama
Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqhubekayo kuyindlela yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza ebandakanya ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi okuvamile kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhodi.
Umgomo uwukwenza inqubo yokuhlanganisa ibikezeleke futhi kutholwe iziphazamisi ezingaba khona namaphutha kusenesikhathi, ukuze kube nesikhathi esengeziwe sokuwalungisa.
Itemu elithi Continuous Integration lavela okokuqala ngo-1991. Yethulwe ngumdali wolimi lwe-UML (Grady Booch). Unjiniyela wethula umqondo we-CI njengengxenye yomkhuba wakhe wokuthuthukisa - . Isho ukuthuthuka okuthuthukisiwe kwezakhiwo lapho uklama amasistimu agxile entweni. U-Gradi akazange achaze noma yiziphi izidingo zokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo. Kodwa kamuva encwadini yakhe ""Uthe inhloso yale ndlela ukusheshisa ukukhishwa "kokukhishwa kwangaphakathi."
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Ngo-1996, i-CI yamukelwa abadali bendlela yokusebenza (XP) - (Kent Beck) kanye (Ron Jeffries). Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwaba ngomunye wemigomo eyishumi nambili eyinhloko yendlela yabo. Abasunguli be-XP bacacisa izidingo zendlela ye-CI futhi baphawula nesidingo sokwakha iphrojekthi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, omunye wabasunguli be-Agile Alliance waqala ukukhuthaza indlela yokuhlanganisa eqhubekayo. (UMartin Fowler). Ukuhlola kwakhe nge-CI kuholele ethuluzini lesoftware lokuqala kule ndawo - CruiseControl. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwakhiwe nguzakwabo kaMartin, uMatthew Foemmel.
Umjikelezo wokwakha ethuluzini usetshenziswa njenge-daemon ehlola ngezikhathi ezithile isistimu yokulawula inguqulo ukuze uthole izinguquko kusisekelo sekhodi. Isixazululo singalandwa namuhla - it ngaphansi kwelayisensi efana ne-BSD.
Ngokufika kwesoftware ye-CI, izinkampani eziningi zaqala ukwenza lo mkhuba. Ngokocwaningo lweForrester [ikhasi 5 ], ngo-2009, ama-86% ezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezingamashumi amahlanu ezahlolwa zasebenzisa noma zasebenzisa izindlela ze-CI.
Namuhla, umkhuba Wokuhlanganisa Okuqhubekayo usetshenziswa izinhlangano ezivela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Ngo-2018, umhlinzeki omkhulu wamafu wenze inhlolovo phakathi kochwepheshe be-IT abavela ezinkampanini ezisemikhakheni yezinsizakalo, imfundo kanye nezezimali. Kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha abaphendulile, ama-58% athi basebenzisa amathuluzi nezimiso ze-CI emsebenzini wabo.
Kanjani lo msebenzi
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kusekelwe kumathuluzi amabili: isistimu yokulawula inguqulo kanye neseva ye-CI. Okwakamuva kungaba idivayisi ebonakalayo noma umshini obonakalayo endaweni yamafu. Onjiniyela balayisha ikhodi entsha kanye noma ngaphezulu ngosuku. Iseva ye-CI ikopisha ngokuzenzakalelayo nakho konke okuncikile futhi iyakha. Ngemva kwalokho, iqalisa ukuhlanganisa kanye nokuhlolwa kweyunithi. Uma ukuhlolwa kuphumelele ngempumelelo, isistimu ye-CI isebenzisa ikhodi.
Umdwebo wenqubo evamile ungamelwa kanje:
Indlela ye-CI yenza inani lezidingo zonjiniyela:
- Lungisa izinkinga ngokushesha. Lesi simiso safika ku-CI sisuka ezinhlelweni ezeqisayo. Ukulungisa iziphazamisi kuyinto ehamba phambili yonjiniyela.
- Izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo. Onjiniyela nabaphathi kumele bahlale bebheka izingqinamba enqubweni yokuhlanganisa futhi baziqede. Isibonelo, kuvame ukuba ne-bottleneck ekuhlanganiseni ukuhlola.
- Yenza imihlangano kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kanye ngosuku ukuvumelanisa umsebenzi weqembu.
Izinkinga zokusebenzisa
Inkinga yokuqala izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu. Ngisho noma inkampani isebenzisa amathuluzi e-CI avulekile (esizokhuluma ngawo kamuva), kusazodingeka ichithe imali ekusekelweni kwengqalasizinda. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe bamafu bungase bube yisixazululo.
Benza lula ukuhlanganiswa kokucushwa kwekhompyutha yezinga elihlukile. Ngaphezu kwenkampani kuphela izinsiza ezisetshenziswayo, esiza ukonga engqalasizinda.
Ngokwenhlolovo [ikhasi 14 ], ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwandisa umthwalo kubasebenzi benkampani (okungenani ekuqaleni). Kufanele bafunde amathuluzi amasha, futhi ozakwabo abasizi ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuqeqesheni. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ubhekane nezinhlaka nezinsizakalo ezintsha ngokushesha.
Ubunzima besithathu izinkinga nge-automation. Izinhlangano ezinenani elikhulu lekhodi yefa elingamboziwe ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo zibhekene nale nkinga. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ikhodi imane ibhalwe kabusha ngaphambi kokuqaliswa okuphelele kwe-CI.
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Ubani osebenzisa
Izikhulu ze-IT zaziphakathi kwabokuqala ukwazisa izinzuzo zendlela yokusebenza. Google ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kusukela maphakathi nawo-2000s. I-CI yasetshenziswa ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokubambezeleka enjinini yokusesha. Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kusize ukuthola ngokushesha nokuxazulula izinkinga. Manje i-CI isetshenziswa yiyo yonke iminyango ye-IT giant.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kusiza nezinkampani ezincane, futhi amathuluzi e-CI abuye asetshenziswe izinhlangano zezezimali nezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Isibonelo, e-Morningstar, izinsizakalo zokuhlanganisa eziqhubekayo zisize ukuchibiyela ubungozi obungu-70% ngokushesha. Futhi inkundla yezokwelapha iPhilips Healthcare ikwazile ukuphinda kabili isivinini sokubuyekezwa kokuhlolwa.
Amathuluzi
Nawa amanye amathuluzi adumile e-CI:
- ingenye yezinhlelo ze-CI ezidume kakhulu. Isekela ama-plugin angaphezu kwenkulungwane ukuze ahlanganiswe ne-VCS ehlukahlukene, amapulatifomu amafu nezinye izinsizakalo. Siphinde sisebenzisa i-Jenkins ku-1cloud: ithuluzi . Uhlola njalo igatsha le-Git elihloselwe ukuhlolwa.
- - uhlaka lwe-python lokubhala izinqubo zakho zokuhlanganisa eziqhubekayo. Ukusethwa kokuqala kwethuluzi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kunxeshezelwa ngezinketho ezibanzi zokwenza ngokwezifiso. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zohlaka, abasebenzisi bagqamisa ukuqina kwensiza yayo ephansi.
- iyiseva evela ku-Pivotal esebenzisa iziqukathi ze-Docker. I-Concourse CI ihlanganisa nanoma yimaphi amathuluzi nezinhlelo zokulawula inguqulo. Abathuthukisi bayaqaphela ukuthi uhlelo lufanele ukusebenza ezinkampanini zanoma yimuphi usayizi.
- iyithuluzi elakhelwe ohlelweni lokulawula inguqulo ye-GitLab. Isevisi isebenza efwini futhi isebenzisa amafayela e-YAML ukuze iwalungiselele. NjengoConcourse, Gitlab CI Iziqukathi ze-Docker ezisiza ukuhlukanisa izinqubo ezahlukene komunye nomunye.
- iyiseva ye-CI yefu esebenza ne-GitHub, i-GitLab ne-BitBucket. Inkundla ayidingi ukusetha kokuqala okude - izinqubo ezijwayelekile ezifakwe ngaphambilini ze-CI ziyatholakala ku-Codeship. Kwamaphrojekthi amancane (afinyelela ku-100 ngenyanga) kanye namaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile, i-Codeship iyatholakala mahhala.
Izinto eziphuma kubhulogi yethu yebhizinisi:
Source: www.habr.com