Imakethe yemboni ye-IT ingumthengi omkhulu kunayo yonke yezinto zikagesi ezingaphazamiseki (i-UPS), isebenzisa cishe u-75% wawo wonke ama-UPS akhiqizwayo. Ukuthengiswa kwaminyaka yonke komhlaba wonke kwemishini ye-UPS kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezikhungo zedatha, okuhlanganisa nezinkampani, ezentengiselwano nezinkulu kakhulu, kungama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda konyaka kokuthengiswa kwemishini ye-UPS ezikhungweni zedatha kusondela ku-3% futhi kubonakala sengathi lokhu akuwona umkhawulo.
Izikhungo zedatha ziya ngokuba zinkulu futhi lokhu kudala izinselele ezintsha zengqalasizinda kagesi. Nakuba kunenkulumompikiswano ende mayelana nokuthi ama-UPS amile adlula kuphi ama-UPS aguquguqukayo futhi okuphambene nalokho, kunento eyodwa onjiniyela abaningi abazovumelana ngayo - ukuthi uma amandla ephakama, imishini kagesi efanelekile kakhulu yokusebenza nawo: amajeneretha. ukukhiqiza ugesi ezikhungweni zikagesi.
Wonke ama-UPS aguquguqukayo asebenzisa amajeneretha ezimoto, nokho anemiklamo ehlukene futhi ayahluka ngokuqinisekile ngezici nokusebenza. Enye i-UPS ejwayeleke kanjalo iyisixazululo senjini exhunywe ngomshini, i-diesel rotary UPS (DRIBP). Kodwa-ke, emhlabeni jikelele wokwakha izikhungo zedatha, ukuncintisana kwangempela kuphakathi kwe-UPS emile kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe be-UPS obuguquguqukayo - i-rotary UPS, okuyinhlanganisela yomshini kagesi okhiqiza amandla kagesi e-sinusoidal wefomu lemvelo namandla kagesi. Ama-UPS anjalo ajikelezayo axhunywe ngogesi kumadivayisi okugcina amandla, okungaba amabhethri noma ama-flywheels.
Intuthuko yesimanje kubuchwepheshe bokulawula, ukwethembeka, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuminyana kwamandla, kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko zeyunithi yamandla e-UPS yizici ezingahlukile kuma-UPS amile. Uchungechunge olusanda kwethulwa lwe-Piller UB-V luyindlela efanelekile.
Ake sibheke ezinye zezinqubo ezibalulekile zokuhlola nokukhetha isistimu ye-UPS yesikhungo sedatha esikhulu sesimanje esimweni lapho ubuchwepheshe bubonakala buyikhethelo.
1. Izindleko ezinkulu
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ama-UPS amile anganikeza inani eliphansi nge-kW ngayinye kumasistimu amancane e-UPS, kodwa leyo nzuzo ihwamuka ngokushesha uma kuziwa ezinhlelweni zamandla aphezulu. Umqondo we-modular okumele abakhiqizi be-UPS abanganyakazi bawusebenzise nakanjani uzungeza ukuhambisana nenani elikhulu lama-UPS anamandla aphansi, njengosayizi ongu-1kW oboniswe esibonelweni esingezansi. Le ndlela ivumela ukufeza amandla adingekayo okukhipha uhlelo, kodwa ngenxa yobunzima bezinto eziningi ezingafuneki, ilahlekelwa inzuzo yezindleko ze-250-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zesisombululo esisekelwe kuma-UPS ajikelezayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nalokhu kuxhumana okuhambisanayo kwamamojula kunemikhawulo enanini lamayunithi ohlelweni olulodwa lwe-UPS, emva kwalokho amasistimu ahambisanayo kufanele ahambisane, okwandisa izindleko zesixazululo ngenxa yemishini yokushintsha eyengeziwe nezintambo.
Ithebhu. 1. Isibonelo sesixazululo somthwalo we-IT ongu-48MW. Usayizi omkhulu wama-monoblocs we-UB-V wonga isikhathi nemali.
2. Ukwethembeka
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izikhungo zedatha seziphenduke amabhizinisi athengiswayo kakhulu, kuyilapho ukwethembeka kuthathwa kalula. Kulokhu, kuyakhula ukwesaba ukuthi lokhu kuzoholela ezinkingeni esikhathini esizayo. Njengoba opharetha behlose ukulinganisa okuphezulu kakhulu kokubekezelela amaphutha (inombolo engu-9) futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi ukushiyeka kobuchwepheshe be-UPS obuqinile kunqotshwa kangcono isikhathi esifushane sokulungisa (MTTR) ngokusebenzisa ikhono lokushintsha ngokushesha nangokushisayo amamojula e-UPS. Kodwa le mpikiswano ingazilimaza yona. Amamojula amaningi ahilelekile, ayanda amathuba okuhluleka futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, ingozi enkulu yokuthi ukwehluleka okunjalo kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni komthwalo ohlelweni lonke. Kungcono ukungabikho nhlobo ukuphahlazeka.
Umfanekiso wokuncika kwenani lokuhluleka kwemishini enanini lesikhathi phakathi kokuhluleka (MTBF) phakathi nokusebenza okuvamile kuboniswa kumfanekiso. 1 kanye nezibalo ezihambisanayo.
Ilayisi. 1. Ukuncika kwenani lemishini engasebenzi ohlwini lwe-MTBF.
Amathuba okungasebenzi kahle kwemishini Q(t) phakathi nokusebenza okuvamile, esigabeni (II) segrafu yejika elivamile lokuhluleka, lichazwa kahle umthetho ocacile wokusabalalisa okuguquguqukayo okungahleliwe Q(t) = e-(Ξ»x t ), lapho Ξ» = 1/MTBF kuwukuhluleka kokuqina, futhi t isikhathi sokusebenza ngamahora. Ngokufanelekile, ngemva kwesikhathi t esimweni sokungabi nezinkinga kuzoba khona ukufakwa kuka-N(t) kusuka enombolweni yokuqala yakho konke ukufakwa N(0): N(t) = Q(t)*N(0).
I-MTBF evamile yama-UPS amile amahora angu-200.000, kuyilapho i-MTBF yama-UPS ajikelezayo ochungechunge lwe-UB-V Piller amahora angu-1.300.000. Isibalo sibonisa ukuthi phakathi neminyaka eyi-10 yokusebenza, u-36% wama-UPS amile azoba sengozini, futhi u-7% kuphela wama-UPS ajikelezayo. Uma kubhekwa inani elihlukile lemishini ye-UPS (Ithebula 1), lokhu kusho ukwehluleka okungu-86 kumamojula angama-240 e-UPS amile kanye nokwehluleka okungu-2 kuma-UPS angu-20 e-Piller rotary, esikhungweni sedatha esifanayo esinomthwalo we-IT ongu-48MW eminyakeni eyi-10 yokusebenza.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza kwama-UPS amile ezikhungweni zedatha eRussia nasemhlabeni kuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwezibalo ezingenhla, ngokusekelwe kwizibalo zokwehluleka nokulungiswa okutholakala emithonjeni evulekile.
Wonke ama-Piller rotary UPS, futhi ikakhulukazi uchungechunge lwe-UB-V, asebenzisa umshini kagesi ukuze akhiqize i-sine wave ehlanzekile futhi angasebenzisi ama-capacitor amandla nama-IGBT transistors, okuvamise ukuba yizimbangela zokwehluleka kuwo wonke ama-UPS amile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UPS emile iyingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi yesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla. Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kunciphisa ukwethembeka. Ama-UPS ajikelezayo e-UB-V anezingxenye ezimbalwa kanye nedizayini yesistimu eqine kakhulu (ijeneretha yenjini) yokwethembeka okuthuthukisiwe.
3. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla
Ama-UPS esimanje amile anemodi engcono kakhulu ku-inthanethi (noma "evamile") ukonga amandla kunabandulelayo. Njengomthetho, ngamanani aphezulu wokusebenza kahle ezingeni lama-96,3%. Izibalo eziphakeme zivame ukunikezwa, kodwa lokhu kufinyeleleka kuphela lapho i-UPS emile isebenza, ishintsha phakathi kwezindlela eziku-inthanethi nezinye (isb. Imodi ye-ECO). Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa enye imodi yokonga amandla, umthwalo uqhutshwa kunethiwekhi yangaphandle ngaphandle kokuvikelwa. Ngalesi sizathu, ekusebenzeni ezikhungweni zedatha ezimweni eziningi kusetshenziswa imodi ye-inthanethi kuphela.
Uchungechunge lwe-Piller UB-V lwama-UPS ajikelezayo alushintshi isimo ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kuyilapho lusanikeza ukusebenza kahle okungafika kokungu-98% ku-inthanethi ngomthwalo ongu-100% kanye no-97% ekulayisheni okungu-50%.
Lo mehluko ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukonga okubalulekile kugesi ngesikhathi sokusebenza (Ithebula 2).
Ithebhu. 2. Ukonga izindleko zamandla esikhungweni sedatha 48 MW womthwalo we-IT.
4. Isikhala esigcwele
Izinhloso ezijwayelekile ze-UPS ezimile sezihlangene kakhulu ngokuguqukela kubuchwepheshe be-IGBT kanye nokuqedwa kwama-transformer. Kodwa-ke, noma kucatshangelwa lesi simo, ama-UPS ajikelezayo e-UB-V anikeza inzuzo engu-20% noma ngaphezulu ngokwesikhala esithathwa ngeyunithi ngayinye yamandla. Ukugcinwa kwesikhala okubangelwayo kungasetshenziswa kokubili ukwandisa umthamo wesikhungo samandla, nokwandisa "okumhlophe", okuwusizo, isikhala sesakhiwo ukuze kuhlaliswe amaseva engeziwe.
Ilayisi. 2. Isikhala esino-2MW UPS wobuchwepheshe obuhlukene. Ukufakwa kwangempela kokukala.
5. Ukutholakala
Esinye sezinkomba eziyinhloko zesikhungo sedatha esakhiwe kahle, esakhiwe futhi esiqhutshwayo yisici saso esiphezulu sokubekezelela amaphutha. Nakuba isikhathi esiphezulu esingu-100% sihlala siwumgomo, imibiko ibonisa ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-30% wezikhungo zedatha zomhlaba zithola okungenani ukuphela okungahleliwe okungahleliwe ngonyaka. Eziningi zalezi zibangelwa iphutha lomuntu, kodwa ingqalasizinda yamandla nayo idlala indima ebalulekile. Uchungechunge lwe-UB-V lusebenzisa iminyaka yobuchwepheshe obufakazelwe be-Piller monobloc rotary UPS obuphakeme kakhulu ngokwethembeka kunobunye ubuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UB-V UPS ngokwayo ezikhungweni zedatha ezinendawo elawulwa kahle ayidingi ukuvalwa minyaka yonke ukuze ilungiswe.
6. Ukuvumelana nezimo
Ngokuvamile, izinhlelo ze-IT zesikhungo sedatha zibuyekezwa futhi zithuthukiswe phakathi neminyaka engu-3-5. Ngakho-ke, izingqalasizinda zamandla kanye nokupholisa kufanele zivumelane nezimo ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana nalokhu futhi zibe namathemba anele esikhathi esizayo. Kokubili i-UPS evamile emile ne-UB-V UPS ingahlelwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.
Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwezixazululo ezisekelwe kulokhu kwakamuva kubanzi, futhi, ngokuvamile, njengoba lokhu kungaphezu kobubanzi balesi sihloko, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa amasistimu okuphakelwa kwamandla angaphazamiseki ku-voltage medium 6-30 kV, ukusebenza. kumanethiwekhi anemithombo yokukhiqiza evuselelekayo kanye neminye, ukuze akhe amasistimu e-IP Bus angabizi kakhulu, athembeke ngokwedlulele, athobela i-Tier IV UI ye-IP Bus ekucushweni kwe-N+1.
Njengesiphetho, kungafinyelelwa iziphetho eziningana. Lapho izikhungo zedatha zithuthuka, kuba nzima nakakhulu umsebenzi wokuzithuthukisa, lapho kudingekile ukulawula izinkomba zomnotho kanyekanye, izici zokwethembeka, idumela kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wendawo. Ama-UPS amile abelokhu esetshenziswa futhi asazoqhubeka esetshenziswa ezikhungweni zedatha esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa-ke, akunakuphikwa ukuthi kunezinye izindlela ezikhona ezindleleni ezikhona emkhakheni wezinhlelo zokuphakela amandla ezinezinzuzo ezibalulekile ngaphezu "kwama-statics amadala".
Source: www.habr.com