Senza ucwaningo lwemakethe njalo, sihlanganisa amathebula anamanani kanye nenqwaba yamapharamitha enqwaba yezikhungo zedatha. Ngakho ngacabanga ukuthi izinto ezinhle akufanele zimosheke. Abanye bangathola idatha ngokwayo iwusizo, kuyilapho abanye bangasebenzisa isakhiwo njengesisekelo. IN Idatha ethulwa kusukela ngo-2016. Kodwa ayengekho amatafula anele futhi benza namagrafu futhi , kanye nedatha evulekile evela ehhovisi lentela mayelana nenzuzo yentela nabasebenzi, idatha evela ku-RIPE (isimo se-LIR, ama-subnets nesamba senombolo ye-IPv4) kanye nedatha evela esilinganisweni se-ping-admin (Isikhathi Nezingozi).
Ubani owafakwa kusampula?
Ithebula langoSepthemba 2020 lifaka wonke umuntu oku-TOP 20 e-Yandex ne-Google, okhona ezindaweni zokukhangisa lapho, futhi onezintengo kusayithi. Uma inkampani ingekho emoyeni noma inenani elifunwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayiyona into eqhudelana nanoma ubani emakethe evulekile. Inkampani enjalo ingase ibe nama-oda amahle, isibonelo, uhulumeni, kodwa lokhu kuyindawo yokudla ehlukile, ungaba ngisho nomholi lapho, kodwa lokhu akuhlangene nokuncintisana emakethe.
Uma ezinye izintengo zivaliwe, khona-ke idatha ayiboniswa kulobu bubanzi. Isibonelo, uma kuthiwa intela ihlanganisa u-350W noma 100Mbit/s noma ikheli le-IP elingu-1 futhi azikho izintengo ngezansi zamandla engeziwe, ukunwetshwa kwesiteshi noma i-IPv4 eyengeziwe.
Izinkinga zentengo
Okwacasula amaklayenti kakhulu mayelana nezintengo zensizakalo ye-colocation kwakuyimali efihliwe. Lokhu bekuyinkinga enkulu ngeminyaka yawo-100 ngethrafikhi. Akekho owayazi kusengaphambili ukuthi kuzoba luhlobo luni lwezimoto futhi wonke umuntu wayesaba ukubanjwa. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimangaliso azenzeki. Izindleko ze-50 Mbit ngaleso sikhathi zazingama-ruble angama-000. Manje i-gigabit isivele ishibhile. Isikhathi siyahamba, kodwa amanani awakacaci kahle kwabaningi, futhi alukho uhlu lwamanani oluphelele kumawebhusayithi abahlinzeki. Amanani entengo ahlelwa ngendlela ehlukile, ngamapharamitha athile intengo evela kumphakeli oyedwa iyathandeka, futhi lapho imingcele ikhuphuka, isivele inenzuzo eyengeziwe komunye.
Futhi, yiqiniso, akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi intengo ikude nenkomba kuphela. Udinga ukubheka amanye amapharamitha, nakuba kunzima kakhulu ukuqhathanisa. Ngesizathu esithile ihor yafakwa etafuleni lethu. Bengingafuni nokuyengeza kusizindalwazi. Kodwa-ke ngacabanga ukuthi kuzoba nesibonelo esibi, inkampani enomsebenzi oyedwa, izinkulungwane ezingama-22 ezintela kanye neminikelo eyizinkulungwane ezingama-43, iyinkomba impela. Kodwa “abantu bayadla.”
Izitayela ezijwayelekile kanye nezinkinga zemakethe
Amagrafu akhombisa ngokusobala inkambiso ejwayelekile yemakethe.
Igrafu yokuqala ibonisa ukuncika kwezindleko emandleni, wonke amanye amapharamitha ayalingana. Amandla ayinkinga yawo womabili amaklayenti nezikhungo zedatha. Ugesi manje usungenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zezindleko zenyanga zezikhungo zedatha, futhi uhulumeni ulokhu enyusa amanani entengo yawo. Nakuba ugesi oshibhile ekugcineni usho ukukhiqizwa, imisebenzi nezintela. Sibonakala singamandla amakhulu, kodwa asikwazi ukusho ukuthi amanani ethu anokuncintisana kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhungo zedatha zaseNtshonalanga.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imali ithathwa emoyeni, ngoba ibalwa ngamandla alinganiselwe, hhayi ngamandla asetshenzisiwe. Kunzima futhi kuyabiza ukubala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kweseva ngayinye; udinga ukufaka imitha kusokhethi ngalinye. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, iseva ingakwazi ukusebenza cishe ngamandla aphelele okunikezwa kwamandla. Udinga futhi ukunaka ukuthi ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kweseva udinga ukwengeza u-30% wokupholisa, u-10% we-UPS yezimboni, kanye no-10% wezidingo zokukhanya nehhovisi. Kodwa ngizokutshela imfihlo, ngokwesilinganiso iseva eyodwa idla u-100W, njengoba i-5kW inikezwa endaweni yokubeka futhi lokho kwanele.
Iningi labasingathi likhokhisa imali ukuze lithole amandla. Kodwa bakhona nabasemakethe abangayithathi. Ngokwemvelo, i-outlet isenayo imikhawulo. Ngeke kwenzeke ukuthola i-megawatt ngentengo yokubeka iyunithi eyodwa.
Abanye balabo abangakhokhisi imali ngamandla kumasayithi banokubhukha ukuthi amaseva e-GPU, ama-blade nezinye izitofu zibekwe ngamanani ahlukene.
Igrafu yesibili ibonisa ukuncika kwezindleko kusivinini sembobo. Isivinini sesiteshi siyisihloko esingeyona into encane kakhulu kunogesi. Ugesi awunawo umqondo wekhwalithi. Ingase icwayize, kodwa injalo i-UPS+DGS. Kodwa iziteshi ezimbili ze-gigabit zingaba ngekhwalithi ehluke kakhulu. Umuntu angase athululele yonke into ku-exchanger, abe nokungabonakali kahle, ama-pings aphezulu, imingcele kuthrafikhi yangaphandle. Futhi eziteshini ayikho i-UPS noma i-DGS yamacala anjalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhathanisa amanani eziteshi cishe akusizi ngalutho.
Lapho senza ucwaningo lwemakethe ngezindleko ze-gigabit eMoscow, sabuzwa imibuzo: "luhlobo luni lwethrafikhi oluzoba khona?", "Futhi yiziphi iziqongo?"
Ezingeni le-inter-opharetha kukhona nokudideka ngamanani. Iziteshi zihluke kakhulu ngokwemali nangekhwalithi.
Yini enengqondo ukunaka
Kumelwe siqonde ukuthi lapha, yiqiniso, angeke kube nombono owodwa olungile, konke kuncike emsebenzini, futhi ngisho nemisebenzi enjalo, wonke umuntu ekugcineni uyazinqumela ukuthi yiziphi izingozi azozamukela futhi angazenzi.
Ngokombono wethu, isitifiketi se-Tier III sidlala indima. Futhi lokhu akukhona nje embonweni wethu, njengoba ukukhangisa kugcwele i-Tier III. Ungathayipha ku-Yandex: “ukubekwa kweseva esikhungweni sedatha”, cindezela u-Ctrl+F bese ubala ukuthi igama elithi Tier livela kangaki.
Kepha ngalesi sitifiketi kanye nokuzibeka njengeTier III, abaningi bawele ogibeni. Isikhungo sedatha esijwayelekile se-Tier III sinezitifiketi ezintathu: zephrojekthi, zamakhono nezokusebenza, futhi lezi zokugcina kufanele ziqinisekiswe njalo eminyakeni emibili. Futhi abaningi abanaso ngisho nesitifiketi salo msebenzi.
Ama-turnovers aboniswa yizinkampani ezinkulu nezincane. Ngesizathu esithile awekho ama-avareji. Ubuhle nobubi bezinto ezinkulu nezincane zisobala. Izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu, ngendlela, azibandakanyi nakancane ekudayiseni okuncane. Baqondisa amakhasimende amakhulu futhi bathengisa isevisi yokubeka indawo ngama-rack kuphela. Futhi kulungile. Ngenkathi sise-BLS, babehlale beqhunyiswa ngamabhomu wukumaketha kwethu. Hhayi-ke, bebengazi ukuthi kanjani futhi bengakwazi ukunikeza isevisi enhle ezitolo. Lawa ngamabhizinisi ahlukene nezinkonzo ezahlukene. Awukwazi ukubethela izipikili zezicathulo ngesando. Egameni lami, ngizophinde ngisho ukuthi, zonke ezinye izinto ziyalingana, zeseka amabhizinisi amancane ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kanye nokuncintisana.
isiphetho
Akubona bonke abengeziwe kusizindalwazi. Ngakho-ke, ungathumela imininingwane yokuthi ubani okufanele engezwe. Kodwa labo abanentshisekelo kufanele babe nezintengo kuwebhusayithi.
Uma wazi ngeminye imithombo yedatha okufanele ilayishwe, sicela usazise futhi sizozama ukuyengeza.
Source: www.habr.com