Sawubona! Ngifuna ukukutshela ngamagama alula mayelana nobumakhenikha bokweba ngaphakathi kwemishini ebonakalayo nangamanye ama-artifact angabonakali esikwazile ukuwathola ngesikhathi socwaningo lwayo, okwadingeka ngingene kukho njengomqondisi wezobuchwepheshe weplatifomu yamafu. . Inkundla isebenza ku-KVM.
Isikhathi sokweba i-CPU isikhathi lapho umshini obonakalayo ungatholi izinsiza zokucubungula ukuze usetshenziswe. Lesi sikhathi sibalwa kuphela kumasistimu okusebenza wezihambeli ezindaweni ze-virtualization. Izizathu zokuthi lezi zinsiza ezabiwe kakhulu ziya kuphi, njengasempilweni, azicacile kakhulu. Kodwa sanquma ukukuthola, futhi senza nokuhlola okuningi. Akukhona ukuthi manje sesazi yonke into ngokweba, kodwa sizokutshela okuthile okuthakazelisayo manje.
1. Kuyini ukweba
Ngakho-ke, ukweba imethrikhi ekhombisa ukuntuleka kwesikhathi sokucubungula sezinqubo ngaphakathi komshini obonakalayo. Njengoba kuchaziwe I-Stealth isikhathi lapho i-hypervisor yenza ezinye izinqubo ku-OS yokusingatha nakuba ifake umugqa inqubo yomshini obonakalayo ukuze isetshenziswe. Okusho ukuthi, ukweba kubalwa njengomehluko phakathi kwesikhathi lapho inqubo isilungele ukwenziwa kanye nesikhathi lapho inqubo yabelwe isikhathi sokuphrosesa.
I-virtual kernel yomshini ithola i-metric entshontshayo ku-hypervisor. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-hypervisor ayicacisi kahle ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izinqubo ezisebenzayo, imane ithi "ngenkathi ngimatasa, angikwazi ukukunika isikhathi." Ku-KVM, usekelo lokubala lokweba lwengezwe kukho . Kunamaphuzu amabili abalulekile lapha:
- Umshini obonakalayo ufunda ngokweba ku-hypervisor. Okusho ukuthi, kusukela ekubukeni kokulahlekelwa, ngezinqubo emshinini we-virtual ngokwawo lokhu ukulinganisa okungaqondile okungaba ngaphansi kokuhlanekezela okuhlukahlukene.
- I-hypervisor ayabelani ngolwazi nomshini obonakalayo mayelana nokuthi yini enye eyenzayo - into esemqoka ukuthi ayinikeli isikhathi kuyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umshini we-virtual ngokwawo awukwazi ukubona ukuhlanekezela kusikhombisi sokweba, okungase kuhlolwe ubunjalo bezinqubo eziqhudelanayo.
2. Yini ethinta ukweba
2.1. Ukweba ukubala
Empeleni, ukweba kubalwa cishe ngokufanayo nesikhathi esivamile sokusebenzisa i-CPU. Alukho ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokuthi ukugaywa kabusha kubhekwa kanjani. Mhlawumbe ngoba abantu abaningi babheka lo mbuzo osobala. Kodwa kukhona nezihibe lapha. Ukuze uzijwayeze le nqubo, ungafunda : uzofunda ngamanuances amaningi lapho ubala ukusetshenziswa kanye nezimo lapho lesi sibalo sizoba nephutha ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:
- Iphrosesa ishisa kakhulu, okwenza ukuthi imijikelezo yeqe.
- Nika amandla/khubaza i-turbo boost, eshintsha imvamisa yewashi lephrosesa.
- Ushintsho kubude besikhathi socezu olwenzeka uma usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokonga amandla obuprosesa obufana ne-SpeedStep.
- Inkinga ngokubala isilinganiso: ukulinganisa ukusetshenziswa komzuzu owodwa ku-80% kungafihla ukuqhuma kwesikhashana okungu-100%.
- I-spin lock ibangela ukuthi iphrosesa ibuyiselwe, kodwa inqubo yomsebenzisi ayiboni noma iyiphi inqubekelaphambili ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kweprosesa ebaliwe ngenqubo kuzoba ngamaphesenti ayikhulu, nakuba inqubo ingeke idle isikhathi sokucubungula.
Angikayitholi i-athikili echaza ukubala okufanayo kokweba (uma wazi, yabelana ngayo kumazwana). Kodwa, uma ubheka ikhodi yomthombo, indlela yokubala iyafana neyokugaywa kabusha. Kalula nje, enye ikhawunta yengezwa ku-kernel, ngokuqondile ngenqubo ye-KVM (inqubo yomshini obonakalayo), ebala ubude besikhathi senqubo ye-KVM elinde isikhathi se-CPU. Ikhawunta ithatha ulwazi mayelana nephrosesa ekucacisweni kwayo futhi ihlole ukuthi ingabe wonke amakhizane ayo asetshenziswa inqubo yomshini obonakalayo. Uma kuyikho konke, khona-ke sicabanga ukuthi iprosesa ibimatasa kuphela ngenqubo yomshini obonakalayo. Uma kungenjalo, sazisa ukuthi iphrosesa yayenza enye into, kwavela ukweba.
Inqubo yokubala kokweba ingaphansi kwezinkinga ezifanayo nokubala okuvamile kokugaywa kabusha. Akusho ukuthi izinkinga ezinjalo zivela kaningi, kodwa zibukeka zidumaza.
2.2. Izinhlobo ze-virtualization ku-KVM
Ngobubanzi, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-virtualization, zonke ezisekelwa yi-KVM. Indlela yokwenzeka kokweba ingase incike ohlotsheni lwe-virtualization.
Sakaza. Kulokhu, ukusebenza kwesistimu yokusebenza yomshini we-virtual enamadivayisi we-hypervisor ngokomzimba kwenzeka into enjengale:
- Isistimu yokusebenza yesivakashi ithumela umyalo kudivayisi yayo yesivakashi.
- Umshayeli wedivayisi yesivakashi uthola umyalo, enze isicelo se-BIOS yedivayisi futhi asithumele ku-hypervisor.
- Inqubo ye-hypervisor ihumusha umyalo wokuyala idivayisi ebonakalayo, iyenze, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ivikeleke kakhulu.
- Umshayeli wedivayisi ephathekayo wamukela umyalo oshintshiwe futhi awuthumele edivayisini ephathekayo ngokwayo.
- Imiphumela yokukhipha imiyalo ibuyela emuva ngendlela efanayo.
Inzuzo yokuhumusha ukuthi ikuvumela ukuthi ulingise noma iyiphi idivayisi futhi ayidingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile kwe-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza. Kodwa kufanele ukhokhele lokhu, okokuqala, ngesivinini.
I-Hardware virtualization. Kulesi simo, idivayisi esezingeni lehadiwe iqonda imiyalo evela ohlelweni lokusebenza. Lena indlela esheshayo nengcono kakhulu. Kodwa, ngeshwa, ayisekelwe yiwo wonke amadivaysi angokwenyama, ama-hypervisors kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezivakashi. Njengamanje, amadivaysi ayinhloko asekela i-hardware virtualization amaphrosesa.
I-Paravirtualization. Inketho evame kakhulu yokwenziwa kwedivayisi ku-KVM futhi ngokuvamile imodi yokubona evame kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza zesivakashi. Okukhethekile kwakho ukuthi ukusebenza namanye amasistimu angaphansi kwe-hypervisor (isibonelo, ngenethiwekhi noma isitaki sediski) noma ukwabiwa kwamakhasi ememori kwenzeka kusetshenziswa i-hypervisor API, ngaphandle kokuhumusha imiyalo yezinga eliphansi. Ububi bale ndlela ye-virtualization ukuthi i-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza yesivakashi kufanele ilungiswe ukuze ikwazi ukuxhumana ne-hypervisor isebenzisa le-API. Kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuxazululwa ngokufaka abashayeli abakhethekile ohlelweni lokusebenza lwezivakashi. Ku-KVM le API ibizwa .
Nge-paravirtualization, uma kuqhathaniswa nokusakaza, indlela eya kudivayisi ephathekayo yehliswa kakhulu ngokuthumela imiyalo ngokuqondile ukusuka emshinini we-virtual kuya kunqubo ye-hypervisor kumsingathi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usheshise ukwenziwa kwayo yonke imiyalo ngaphakathi komshini we-virtual. Ku-KVM, lokhu kwenziwa yi-virtio API, esebenza kuphela kumadivayisi athile, njengenethiwekhi noma i-adaptha yediski. Yingakho abashayeli be-virtio befakwa ngaphakathi kwemishini ebonakalayo.
Ububi balokhu kusheshisa ukuthi akuzona zonke izinqubo ezisebenza ngaphakathi komshini we-virtual ezihlala ngaphakathi kuwo. Lokhu kudala imithelela ethile ekhethekile engaholela ekuzaleni ekuntshontsheni. Ngincoma ukuqala ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwalolu daba nge .
2.3. Ukuhlela "okulungile".
Umshini obonakalayo ku-hypervisor, empeleni, inqubo evamile ethobela imithetho yokuhlela (ukusabalalisa izinsiza phakathi kwezinqubo) ku-Linux kernel, ngakho-ke ake siyibhekisise.
I-Linux isebenzisa lokho okubizwa nge-CFS, Completely Fair Scheduler, esibe isihleli esimisiwe kusukela ku-kernel 2.6.23. Ukuze uqonde le-algorithm, ungafunda i-Linux Kernel Architecture noma ikhodi yomthombo. Ingqikithi ye-CFS iwukusabalalisa isikhathi sokucubungula phakathi kwezinqubo kuye ngokuthi ubude besikhathi sokwenziwa kwazo. Lapho inqubo idinga isikhathi esiningi se-CPU, sincane isikhathi esisitholayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinqubo zenziwa "ngokufanele" - ukuze inqubo eyodwa ingahlali ihlale kuwo wonke amaphrosesa, nezinye izinqubo nazo zingasebenza.
Ngezinye izikhathi le paradigm iholela ezintweni zobuciko ezithakazelisayo. Abasebenzisi be-Linux besikhathi eside kungenzeka bakhumbule ukuqaqwa kwesihleli sombhalo esivamile kudeskithophu ngenkathi besebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izinsiza ezifana ne-compiler. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi engadingi insiza ejulile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu yaqhudelana nemisebenzi edinga insiza, efana nomdidiyeli. I-CFS icabanga ukuthi lokhu akulungile, ngakho-ke imisa umhleli wombhalo ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ivumele iphrosesa ukuthi isingathe imisebenzi yomdidiyeli. Lokhu kwalungiswa kusetshenziswa indlela , kodwa ezinye izici eziningi zokusatshalaliswa kwesikhathi sokucubungula phakathi kwemisebenzi zisele. Eqinisweni, lena akuyona indaba yokuthi yonke into imbi kangakanani ku-CFS, kodwa umzamo wokudonsela ukunaka eqinisweni lokuthi ukusatshalaliswa "okulungile" kwesikhathi sokucubungula akuwona umsebenzi omncane kakhulu.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile kusihleli liwukukhulula. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukhiphe inqubo yokuhogela ku-processor futhi uvumele abanye basebenze. Inqubo yokukhipha ibizwa nge-context switching. Kulesi simo, wonke umongo womsebenzi ugcinwa: isimo se-stack, amarejista, njll, emva kwalokho inqubo ithunyelwa ukulinda, futhi enye ithatha indawo yayo. Lokhu ukusebenza okubizayo kwe-OS futhi akuvamile ukusetshenziswa, kodwa akukho okungalungile ngokwemvelo ngakho. Ukushintsha kokuqukethwe okuvamile kungase kubonise inkinga ku-OS, kodwa ngokuvamile kuyaqhubeka futhi akubonisi lutho ngokukhethekile.
Indaba ende enjalo iyadingeka ukuze kuchazwe iqiniso elilodwa: lapho izinsiza zokucubungula eziningi inqubo izama ukuyisebenzisa kusihleli se-Linux esithembekile, izomiswa ngokushesha ukuze nezinye izinqubo zisebenze. Ukuthi lokhu kulungile noma cha kungumbuzo oyinkimbinkimbi ongaxazululwa ngendlela ehlukile ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukene. Ku-Windows, kuze kube muva nje, umhleli ubegxile ekucutshungulweni okubalulekile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu, okungase kubangele izinqubo zangemuva ukuba zibe yiqhwa. I-Sun Solaris yayinamakilasi amahlanu ahlukene abahleli. Lapho sethula i-virtualization, sengeza eyesithupha, , ngoba ezinhlanu zangaphambilini azisebenzi ngokwanele nge-virtualization ye-Solaris Zones. Ngincoma ukuthi siqale ucwaningo olunzulu lwalolu daba ngezincwadi ezifana noma .
2.4. Indlela yokuqapha ukweba?
Ukuqapha ukweba ngaphakathi komshini obonakalayo, njenganoma iyiphi enye i-metric yokucubungula, kulula: ungasebenzisa noma yiliphi ithuluzi lamamethrikhi okucubungula. Into esemqoka ukuthi umshini obonakalayo uku-Linux. Ngesizathu esithile iWindows ayinikezi lolu lwazi kubasebenzisi bayo. π
Okukhipha umyalo ophezulu: imininingwane yomthwalo weprosesa, kukholamu engakwesokudla - ntshontsha
Ubunzima buvela lapho uzama ukuthola lolu lwazi ku-hypervisor. Ungazama ukubikezela ukweba emshinini womsingathi, isibonelo, usebenzisa ipharamitha Yesilinganiso Sokulayisha (LA) - inani elimaphakathi lenombolo yezinqubo ezilindile kulayini wokukhipha. Indlela yokubala le pharamitha ayilula, kodwa ngokuvamile, uma i-LA evamile ngenani lezintambo zeprosesa ingaphezu kwe-1, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi iseva ye-Linux igcwele okuthile.
Zilindeleni zonke lezi zinqubo? Impendulo ecacile yi-processor. Kepha impendulo ayilungile ngokuphelele, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi iprosesa imahhala, kepha i-LA iyahamba esikalini. Khumbula . Okufanayo kungenzeka ngediski namanye amadivaysi okufaka/okukhiphayo. Kodwa empeleni, izinqubo zingalinda ukuphela kwanoma yikuphi ukukhiya, okungaba okomzimba, okuhlotshaniswa nedivayisi ye-I/O, noma okunengqondo, njengesimungulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhiya ezingeni le-hardware (impendulo efanayo evela kudiski), noma i-logic (lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-locking primitives, okuhlanganisa inqwaba yamabhizinisi, i-mutex adaptive and spin, semaphores, variable variables, rw locks, ipc locks. ...).
Esinye isici se-LA ukuthi ithathwa njengesilinganiso sesistimu yokusebenza. Isibonelo, izinqubo eziyi-100 ziyaqhudelana ngefayela elilodwa, bese kuba-LA=50. Inani elikhulu kangaka lingabonakala libonisa ukuthi isistimu yokusebenza yimbi. Kodwa kwamanye amakhodi abhalwe ngokungalungile, lokhu kungase kube isimo esivamile, naphezu kokuthi kubi kuphela, futhi ezinye izinqubo ohlelweni lokusebenza azihlupheki.
Ngenxa yalesi silinganiso (futhi esikhathini esingaphansi komzuzu), ukunquma noma yini ngenkomba ye-LA akuwona umsebenzi ovuza kakhulu, onemiphumela engaqinisekile kakhulu ezimeni ezithile. Uma uzama ukukuthola, uzothola ukuthi izihloko eziku-Wikipedia nezinye izinsiza ezitholakalayo zichaza izimo ezilula kuphela, ngaphandle kwencazelo ejulile yenqubo. Ngithumela wonke umuntu onentshisekelo, futhi, - landela izixhumanisi ezingezansi. Ubani ovilapha kakhulu ukukhuluma isiNgisi - .
3. Imiphumela ekhethekile
Manje ake sibheke amacala amakhulu okuntshontsha esihlangabezane nawo. Ngizokutshela ukuthi balandela kanjani kukho konke okungenhla nokuthi bahlobana kanjani nezinkomba ku-hypervisor.
Ukugaywa kabusha. Okulula kakhulu futhi okuvame kakhulu: i-hypervisor iphinde yasetshenziswa. Ngempela, kunemishini eminingi esebenzayo esebenzayo, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kweprosesa ngaphakathi kwayo, ukuncintisana okuningi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-LA kungaphezu kwe-1 (okujwayelekile yizintambo zeprosesa). Yonke into engaphakathi kuyo yonke imishini ebonakalayo iyancipha. Ukweba okudluliselwa ku-hypervisor nakho kuyakhula, kuyadingeka ukusabalalisa kabusha umthwalo noma ukuvala othile. Ngokuvamile, yonke into inengqondo futhi iyaqondakala.
I-Paravirtualization vs. Izimo Ezingashadile. Kunomshini owodwa kuphela we-virtual ku-hypervisor; idla ingxenye encane yayo, kodwa ikhiqiza umthwalo omkhulu we-I/O, isibonelo kudiski. Futhi kusuka endaweni ethile intshontsho elincane livela kuyo, kuze kufike ku-10% (njengoba kuboniswa ukuhlolwa okuningana).
Icala liyathakazelisa. Ukweba kuvela lapha ngqo ngenxa yokuvinjwa ezingeni labashayeli abakhubazekile. Ukuphazamiseka kwakhiwa ngaphakathi komshini we-virtual, kusetshenzwe umshayeli futhi kuthunyelwe ku-hypervisor. Ngenxa yokuphathwa kokuphazamiseka ku-hypervisor, kumshini we-virtual ubukeka njengesicelo esithunyelwe, isilungele ukubulawa futhi ilinde iphrosesa, kodwa ayinikezwa isikhathi sokucubungula. Intombazane ebonakalayo icabanga ukuthi lesi sikhathi sebiwe.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi i-buffer ithunyelwa, ingena endaweni ye-kernel ye-hypervisor, futhi siqala ukuyilinda. Nakuba, ngokombono womshini we-virtual, kufanele abuyele ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwe-algorithm yokubala ukweba, lesi sikhathi sibhekwa njengentshontshiwe. Ngokunokwenzeka, kulesi simo kungase kube nezinye izindlela (isibonelo, ukucubungula ezinye izingcingo ze-sys), kodwa akufanele zihluke kakhulu.
Isihleli siqhathaniswa nemishini ebonakalayo elayishwe kakhulu. Uma umshini owodwa we-virtual uhlushwa ukweba kakhulu kuneminye, lokhu kungenxa yomhleli. Lapho inqubo ilayisha kakhulu iphrosesa, kulapho umhleli uzoshesha ukuyikhahlela ukuze nabanye bakwazi ukusebenza. Uma umshini obonakalayo udla kancane, ngeke ubone ukweba: inqubo yawo yahlala ngokwethembeka yalinda, sidinga ukuyinika isikhathi esengeziwe. Uma umshini we-virtual ukhiqiza umthwalo omkhulu kuwo wonke ama-cores awo, uvame ukuxoshwa ku-processor futhi bazame ukungawuniki isikhathi esiningi.
Kubi nakakhulu lapho izinqubo ngaphakathi komshini obonakalayo zizama ukuthola iphrosesa eyengeziwe ngoba azikwazi ukubhekana nokucutshungulwa kwedatha. Khona-ke uhlelo lokusebenza ku-hypervisor, ngenxa yokwenza kahle ngokwethembeka, luzohlinzeka isikhathi esincane sokucubungula. Le nqubo yenzeka njenge-avalanche, futhi ukweba kweqela esibhakabhakeni, nakuba eminye imishini ebonakalayo ingase ingakuqapheli. Futhi lapho ama-cores engeziwe, umshini othintekayo ubi kakhulu. Ngamafuphi, imishini ebonakalayo elayishwe kakhulu enama-cores amaningi ihlupheka kakhulu.
I-LA ephansi, kodwa kukhona ukweba. Uma i-LA icishe ibe ngu-0,7 (okungukuthi, i-hypervisor ibonakala ilayishwe ngaphansi), kodwa ukweba kubonakala ngaphakathi kwemishini ngayinye ebonakalayo:
- Inketho ene-paravirtualization eseyichazwe ngenhla. Umshini obonakalayo ungathola amamethrikhi abonisa ukweba, nakuba i-hypervisor ilungile. Ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwethu, le nketho yokweba ayidluli u-10% futhi akufanele ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphakathi komshini obonakalayo.
- Ipharamitha ye-LA ibalwa ngokungalungile. Ngokunemba kakhudlwana, ngesikhathi ngasinye esithile ibalwa ngendlela efanele, kodwa uma ilinganiswa ngaphezu komzuzu owodwa kuvela ukuthi ibukelwa phansi. Isibonelo, uma umshini owodwa we-virtual per third ye-hypervisor udla wonke ama-processor awo isigamu somzuzu, khona-ke i-LA ngomzuzu ku-hypervisor izoba ngu-0,15; imishini emine enjalo esebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa izonikeza i-0,6. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi isigamu somzuzu ngamunye wabo kwakukhona ukweba zasendle ku-25% ngokusho kwenkomba ye-LA ngeke kusakhishwa.
- Futhi, ngenxa yomhleli onqume ukuthi othile udla kakhulu futhi avumele ukuthi othile alinde. Okwamanje, ngizoshintsha umongo, ngibambe iziphazamiso futhi nginakekele ezinye izinto ezibalulekile zesistimu. Ngenxa yalokho, eminye imishini ebonakalayo ayiziboni izinkinga, kanti eminye ihlangabezana nokuwohloka okukhulu kokusebenza.
4. Okunye ukuhlanekezela
Kunezizathu ezengeziwe eziyisigidi zokuhlanekezela ukubuya okulungile kwesikhathi sokucubungula emshinini wokubuka. Isibonelo, i-hyperthreading kanye ne-NUMA zethula ubunzima ekubaleni. Badida ngokuphelele ukukhetha kwe-kernel yokwenza inqubo, ngoba umhleli usebenzisa ama-coefficients - izisindo, okwenza ukubala kube nzima nakakhulu lapho ushintsha umongo.
Kukhona ukuhlanekezela ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obufana ne-turbo boost noma, ngokuphambene, imodi yokonga amandla, lapho, lapho kubalwa ukusetshenziswa, ingakhuphula ngokuzenzakalelayo noma yehlise imvamisa noma ngisho nocezu lwesikhathi kuseva. Ukunika amandla i-turbo boost kunciphisa ukusebenza kwentambo eyodwa yokucubungula ngenxa yokwanda kokusebenza kwenye. Okwamanje, ulwazi mayelana nemvamisa yamanje yeprosesa ayidluliselwa emshinini we-virtual, futhi ikholelwa ukuthi othile untshontsha isikhathi sayo (isibonelo, icele i-2 GHz, kodwa ithole ingxenye yalokho).
Ngokuvamile, kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokuhlanekezela. Ungathola okunye okuthile ohlelweni oluthile. Kungcono ukuqala ngezincwadi engizinikeze izixhumanisi ezingenhla, futhi ngibuyise izibalo ku-hypervisor usebenzisa izinsiza ezifana ne-perf, sysdig, systemtap, .
5. Iziphetho
- Inani elithile lokwebiwa lingase lenzeke ngenxa ye-paravirtualization, futhi lingabhekwa njengejwayelekile. Babhala ku-inthanethi ukuthi leli nani lingaba ngu-5-10%. Kuncike ekusetshenzisweni okungaphakathi komshini we-virtual kanye nomthwalo owufaka emishinini yawo ebonakalayo. Lapha kubalulekile ukunaka ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zizizwa kanjani ngaphakathi kwemishini ebonakalayo.
- Isilinganiso somthwalo ku-hypervisor kanye nokweba ngaphakathi komshini obonakalayo akuhlali kuhlobana ngokusobala; zombili izilinganiso zokweba zingaba nephutha ezimeni ezithile ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukene.
- Umhleli unesimo sengqondo esibi ngezinqubo ezibuza okuningi. Uzama ukunikeza okuncane kulabo abacela okwengeziwe. Imishini emikhulu ebonakalayo mibi.
- Ukweba okuncane kungaba yinto evamile ngisho nangaphandle kwe-paravirtualization (kucatshangelwa umthwalo ongaphakathi komshini obonakalayo, izici zomthwalo womakhelwane, ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo kuzo zonke izintambo nezinye izici).
- Uma ufuna ukuthola ukweba ohlelweni oluthile, kufanele uhlole izinketho ezihlukahlukene, uqoqe amamethrikhi, uwahlaziye ngokucophelela futhi ucabange ngendlela yokusabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo. Ukuchezuka kunoma yiziphi izimo kungenzeka, okumele kuqinisekiswe ngokuhlola noma kubhekwe kusilungisi se-kernel.
Source: www.habr.com