Isingeniso
Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kuhlanganisa izindawo eziningi kakhulu zokuphila nebhizinisi unyaka nonyaka. Uma ibhizinisi lifuna ukuncintisana, izingosi zolwazi ezijwayelekile azisanele, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula newebhu ziyadingeka ezinganikezi kuphela abasebenzisi ulwazi, kodwa futhi zibavumele ukuthi benze imisebenzi ethile: ukuthola noma uku-oda izimpahla namasevisi, ukuhlinzeka ngamathuluzi.
Isibonelo, akusanele ukuthi amabhange esimanje abe newebhusayithi enolwazi; adinga ukuba namathuluzi aku-inthanethi amakhasimende awo, i-akhawunti yomuntu siqu lapho umsebenzisi angaphatha khona ama-akhawunti, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nemalimboleko. Ngisho namabhizinisi amancane adinga amathuluzi afanelekile okwandisa ukuguqulwa, njengokwenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela noma umlungisi wezinwele, noma ukubhuka itafula endaweni yokudlela noma indawo yokudlala yezingane yephathi yosuku lokuzalwa.
Futhi abanikazi ngokwabo badinga ukuthola ulwazi olufika ngesikhathi ngendlela efanelekile mayelana nesimo senkampani yabo, isibonelo, ukuqoqwa kwedatha yezibalo kanye nokuhlaziywa kweminyango ehlukene yokukhiqiza, noma ukukhiqiza kweminyango. Ngokuvamile, umnyango ngamunye uqoqa le datha ngendlela yawo, futhi ungase usebenzise ngisho namathuluzi ahlukene futhi umnikazi udinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi somuntu siqu ukuze aqonde konke lokhu, ngokungaqondile noma ngokuqondile lokhu kungase kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kwenkampani futhi ekugcineni azuze. Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu noma kweselula nakho kuzosiza lapha.
Ubuchwepheshe abumile futhi bulokhu buguquka njalo, futhi lokho okwasetshenziswa eminyakeni eminingana edlule kungase kungasabalulekile namuhla, noma okwakungenziwa eminyakeni eminingana edlule sekuvele kwenzeka. Kunamathuluzi esimanjemanje akusiza ukuthi udale izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu neselula ngokushesha nangcono. Ngokusekelwe ekuqapheliseni komuntu siqu nolwazi, ngifuna ukwabelana ngombono wami wokuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe namathuluzi azodingeka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze nokuthi kungani kufanele ukunake lapho udala uhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu lwesimanje.
Isicelo sekhasi elilodwa
Ake sichaze itheminoloji kancane. I-Single Page Application (SPA) wuhlelo lwewebhu oluyingxenye yalo elayishwa kanye ekhasini elilodwa, futhi okuqukethwe kuyalayishwa njengoba kudingeka. Futhi lapho uhamba phakathi kwezigaba zohlelo lokusebenza, ikhasi alilayishi kabusha ngokuphelele, kodwa lilayisha kuphela futhi libonise idatha edingekayo.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa zizuza kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zewebhu zakudala mayelana nesivinini kanye nokusebenziseka kalula. Ngosizo lwe-SPA, ungafinyelela umphumela wewebhusayithi esebenza njengohlelo lokusebenza kudeskithophu, ngaphandle kokuqalisa kabusha nokubambezeleka okukhulu.
Uma eminyakeni embalwa edlule izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa zazingakusekeli ukulungiselelwa kwenjini yokusesha futhi zazisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukudala ama-akhawunti omuntu siqu namaphaneli okuphatha, namuhla ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa olusekelwa ngokugcwele ukulungiselelwa kwenjini yokusesha (SEO) sekulula kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa ezinikezwe iseva namuhla, le nkinga isinyamalale ngokuphelele. Ngamanye amazwi, lolu uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa elifanayo, kodwa ngesicelo sokuqala, iseva ayenzi idatha kuphela, kodwa idala ikhasi le-HTML elilungele ukuboniswa futhi izinjini zithola amakhasi enziwe ngomumo analo lonke ulwazi lwe-meta kanye ne-semantic markup. .
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okudala izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezihlangothini lweklayenti, ukuthuthukiswa nokushintshela ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa kuzokhula kuphela kulo nyaka nalandelayo. Uma unohlelo lokusebenza oludala oluphelelwe yisikhathi futhi lusebenza kancane, futhi ngisho nokulayisha kabusha ikhasi eliphelele lapho ushintsha phakathi kwezigaba, khona-ke kulo nyaka ungakwazi ukuthuthukela ngokuphephile kuhlelo lokusebenza olusheshayo lwekhasi elilodwa - manje isikhathi esihle, ubuchwepheshe vele bukuvumela. ukwenza lokhu ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Ukuba newebhusayithi yesimanje futhi esheshayo kuhle kakhulu, kodwa ake ngikutshele ngokwethembeka: akuzona zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaguqulelwa kalula kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa, futhi ukuguqulwa kungase kubize! Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ubani odinga ushintsho olunjalo nokuthi kungani.
Ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde, kuthebula elingezansi ngizokunikeza izibonelo ezithile zokuthi lapho ukuthuthukiswa noma ukushintshela ku-SPA kufanelekile futhi kunesizathu, futhi uma kungenjalo.
NGOKU
Uma ufuna ukwenza uhlelo lwesimanjemanje, olusheshayo futhi ungafuni ukusebenzisa inguqulo yewebhu kuphela, kodwa futhi nenguqulo yeselula noma yedeskithophu, futhi zonke izinqubo nokubala zenzeka kude noma iseva yefu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze wonke amaklayenti abe nesixhumi esibonakalayo esisodwa sokusebenzisana futhi asikho isidingo sokwenza konke ukuhlela kukhodi yeseva lapho wengeza iklayenti elisha.
Isibonelo: inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi, ama-aggregators, amapulatifomu e-SaaS (isofthiwe njengesevisi yamafu), izimakethe
Uma unesitolo noma isevisi yewebhu, uyazi ukuthi ihamba kancane futhi abantu bayahamba, ufuna ukuyenza ngokushesha, uyaqonda inani lamakhasimende futhi ulungele ukukhokha ama-ruble angaphezu kwesigidi ukuze uthuthukise.
Unohlelo lokusebenza lweselula olusebenzisa i-API yesayithi, kodwa isayithi liyanensa futhi linokulayisha kabusha kokuqukethwe okuphelele lapho ihamba phakathi kwamakhasi.
Ngokuphikisana
Uma izethameli zakho eziqondisiwe zingasebenzisi iziphequluli namadivayisi wesimanje.
Isibonelo: izindawo ezithile zezinkampani, njengokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zangaphakathi zamabhange, izikhungo zezokwelapha kanye nemfundo.
Wenza imisebenzi yakho eyinhloko ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi futhi awukakalungeli ukunikeza noma yiziphi izinsizakalo ku-inthanethi, futhi udinga nje ukuheha amakhasimende.
Uma unesitolo se-inthanethi noma isevisi yewebhu esivele ithengisa kahle, awuboni ukuphuma kwamakhasimende noma izikhalazo
Uma unohlelo olusebenzayo olungakwazi ukujwayela i-SPA futhi udinga nje ukubhala kabusha yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni futhi usebenzise obunye ubuchwepheshe, futhi awukakakulungeli ukuchitha izigidi ezimbalwa kulokhu.
Isibonelo: Kukhona indawo enebhokisi noma uhlobo oluthile lwekhodi yakudala ebhalwe ekhaya, ye-monolithic.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziqhubekayo
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziqhubekayo ziwumkhiqizo wokuvela okuhlanganyelwe kohlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko kanye newebhusayithi. Empeleni, lolu uhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu olubukeka futhi luziphathe njengohlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko lwangempela, lungathola izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza, lusebenze ngemodi engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, njll. Kulokhu, umsebenzisi akadingi ukulanda uhlelo kusuka ku-AppStore noma ku-Google Play, kodwa umane alugcine kudeskithophu.
Njengobuchwepheshe noma indlela yentuthuko, i-PWA ibithuthuka kusukela ngo-2015, futhi isanda kuthola ukuduma okukhulu emkhakheni we-e-commerce.
Ezinye izibonelo zempilo yangempela:
- ngonyaka odlule, ihhotela le-Best Western River North lakwazi ukukhulisa imali engenayo ngo-300% ngemva kokwethula iwebhusayithi entsha enikwe amandla i-PWA;
- I-Arabic Avito OpenSooq.com, ngemuva kokudala ukwesekwa kwe-PWA kuwebhusayithi yayo, yakwazi ukwandisa isikhathi sokuvakashela isayithi ngo-25% kanye nenani lokuhola ngo-260%;
- insizakalo yokuqomisana edumile i-Tinder ikwazile ukunciphisa isivinini sokulayisha sisuka ku-11.91s siye ku-4.69s ngokwakha i-PWA; ngaphezu kwalokho, isicelo sinesisindo esingama-90% esingaphansi kozakwabo we-Android.
Iqiniso lokuthi kufanelekile ukunaka lobu buchwepheshe kuboniswa nawukuthi enye yezinjini ezinkulu kakhulu zokwakha amaphrojekthi we-e-commerce, iMagento, yethule inguqulo yokuqala ye-PWA Studio ngo-2018. Inkundla ikuvumela ukuthi udale i-frontend esekelwe ku-React ngaphandle kwebhokisi ukuze uthole izixazululo zakho ze-e-commerce ngokusekelwa kwe-PWA.
Izeluleko zalabo asebevele benephrojekthi ye-inthanethi noma umbono nje wensizakalo entsha esekelwa amadivaysi eselula: ungajahi ukubhala uhlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko olugcwele, kodwa qala ubheke ubuchwepheshe be-PWA. Lokhu kungase kube isixazululo semali esingcono kakhulu somkhiqizo wakho.
Kancane ngokuzijwayeza. Ukuze udale uhlelo lokusebenza olulula lwezindaba zeselula, inqobo nje uma usunayo iseva ye-REST eseyenziwe ngomumo, udinga cishe amahora angama-200-300 engxenyekazi ngayinye. Ngesilinganiso sentengo yemakethe yehora lentuthuko engama-ruble ayi-1500-2000/ihora, isicelo singabiza cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-1. Uma uthuthukisa uhlelo lwewebhu olusekelwa ngokugcwele i-PWA: izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza, imodi engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi nezinye izinto ezinhle, khona-ke ukuthuthukiswa kuzothatha amahora angu-200-300 abantu, kodwa umkhiqizo uzotholakala ngokushesha kuwo wonke amapulatifomu. Okusho ukuthi, ukonga cishe izikhathi ezi-2, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ngeke ukhokhe imali yokufakwa ezitolo zezicelo.
Iseva
Lena enye indlela yesimanje yentuthuko. Ngenxa yegama, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu ukuthuthukiswa okungenasiphakeli ngempela, asikho isidingo sokubhala ikhodi ye-back-end, futhi noma yimuphi umthuthukisi ongaphambili angakha uhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu olugcwele. Kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso!
Lapho udala uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Serverless, usadinga iseva kanye nesizindalwazi. Umehluko omkhulu wale ndlela ukuthi ikhodi yokuphela kwethulwa ngendlela yemisebenzi yamafu (elinye igama le-serverless i-FaaS, isebenza njengesevisi noma i-Functions-as-a-Service) futhi ivumela uhlelo lokusebenza ukukala ngokushesha futhi kalula. Lapho udala uhlelo olunjalo, umthuthukisi angagxila ezinkingeni zebhizinisi futhi angacabangi ngokukala nokusetha ingqalasizinda, kamuva okusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesicelo futhi kunciphise izindleko zayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela ye-Serverless izokusiza ukuthi ulondoloze ekuqashweni kweseva, ngoba isebenzisa izinsiza eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze uqedele umsebenzi, futhi uma kungekho mthwalo, isikhathi seseva asisetshenziswa nhlobo futhi asikhokhelwa.
Isibonelo, inkampani enkulu yezindaba yaseMelika i-Bustle ikwazile ukunciphisa izindleko zokubamba ngaphezu kwe-60% lapho ishintshela ku-Serverless. Futhi inkampani ye-Coca-Cola, lapho ithuthukisa uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokuthengisa iziphuzo ngemishini yokuthengisa, yakwazi ukunciphisa izindleko zokubamba kusukela ku-$ 13000 kuya ku-$ 4500 ngonyaka ngokushintshela ku-Serverless.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngenxa yobusha bayo kanye nemikhawulo yayo, i-Serverless isetshenziselwe ikakhulukazi amaphrojekthi amancane, ama-startups nama-MVP, kodwa namuhla, ngenxa yokuvela kwesoftware, ukuguquguquka kanye namandla okuqukatha kweseva, amathuluzi ayavela ukuthi ikuvumela ukuthi ususe imikhawulo, wenze lula futhi usheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zamafu.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimo zebhizinisi lebhizinisi lapho ukwenziwa kwesimanje kwamafu bekubhekwa njengento engenakwenzeka ngaphambili (isibonelo, kumadivayisi asemaphethelweni, idatha yezokuthutha, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu) manje sezingokoqobo. Amathuluzi amahle abonisa izithembiso eziningi yi-kNative kanye ne-Serverless enterprise.
Kodwa naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, i-Serverless ayiyona inhlamvu yesiliva yokuthuthukiswa kwesicelo sewebhu. Njenganoma yibuphi obunye ubuchwepheshe, bunezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, futhi udinga ukukhetha leli thuluzi ngokuqonda, futhi "hhayi izipikili zesando ezine-microscope" ngoba nje lithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ukukusiza ukuthi ukuthole, nazi ezinye izibonelo zokuthi ungafuna nini ukucabangela i-Serverless lapho usungula entsha noma uthuthukisa isevisi yewebhu yamanje:
- Uma umthwalo kuseva uhlala ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ukhokhela umthamo wokungenzi lutho. Isibonelo, sasineklayenti elinenethiwekhi yemishini yekhofi futhi kwakudingeka ukucubungula izicelo nokuqoqa izibalo izikhathi ezingamakhulu ambalwa noma izinkulungwane ngosuku, futhi ebusuku inani lezicelo lehla laya kushumi nambili. Kulokhu, kusebenza kahle kakhulu ukukhokhela kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwezinsiza, ngakho-ke sihlongoze futhi saqalisa isisombululo ku-Serverless;
- Uma ungahleli ukugxumela emininingwaneni yobuchwepheshe yengqalasizinda futhi ukhokhe ngokweqile ngokusetha nokugcina amaseva kanye nesilinganisi. Isibonelo, uma uthuthukisa indawo yemakethe, awazi kahle ukuthi ithrafikhi izoba yini, noma okuphambene nalokho - uhlela ithrafikhi eningi futhi ukuze uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luqiniseke ukuthi luzomelana nomthwalo, i-Serverless iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu.
- Uma udinga ukwenza imicimbi yokusakaza-bukhoma kuhlelo lokusebenza oluyinhloko, bhala idatha eseceleni kumathebula, yenza izibalo. Isibonelo, qoqa idatha yokuhlaziya yezenzo zabasebenzisi, uzicubungule ngendlela ethile futhi uzigcine kusizindalwazi;
- Uma udinga ukwenza lula, ukuhlanganisa noma ukusheshisa ukusebenza kwamanje kohlelo lokusebenza. Isibonelo, dala izinsiza ezithuthukisa ukusebenza ukuze usebenze ngezithombe noma amavidiyo, lapho umsebenzisi elayisha ividiyo emafini, nomsebenzi ohlukile ophatha ukudlulisa amakhodi, kuyilapho iseva eyinhloko iqhubeka nokusebenza njengokujwayelekile.
Uma udinga ukucubungula imicimbi kusuka kumasevisi ezinkampani zangaphandle. Isibonelo, cubungula izimpendulo ezivela ezinhlelweni zokukhokha, noma uqondise kabusha idatha yomsebenzisi ku-CRM ukuze kusheshiswe ukucutshungulwa kwezicelo ezivela kumakhasimende angaba khona.
Uma unohlelo lokusebenza olukhulu futhi ezinye izingxenye zohlelo lokusebenza zingasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele usebenzisa ulimi oluhlukile kolukhulu. Isibonelo, unephrojekthi ku-Java futhi udinga ukungeza ukusebenza okusha, kodwa awunazo izandla zamahhala, noma ukuqaliswa ngolimi olunikeziwe kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside futhi sekuvele kunesixazululo ngolunye ulimi, bese i-Serverless ingasiza. nalokhu futhi.
Lolu akulona lonke uhlu lwamathuluzi nobuchwepheshe okufanele ukunakwa; ngisanda kwabelana ngalokho thina ngokwethu esikusebenzisa nsuku zonke emsebenzini wethu futhi ngazi kahle ukuthi zingasiza kanjani ibhizinisi.
Source: www.habr.com