🥇Ubuchwepheshe be-PoE emibuzweni nezimpendulo

I-athikili, efomini elidumile lemibuzo nezimpendulo, ikhuluma ngamaphuzu abalulekile lapho usebenzisa amandla nge-PoE (Amandla phezu kwe-Ethernet). Umehluko phakathi kwamazinga unikezwa, ulwazi lunikezwa ngokuvikela imishini ekuqhumeni nezinye izinto eziwusizo.

Iyini i-PoE?

I-PoE (Amandla phezu kwe-Ethernet) ubuchwepheshe bokuhlinzeka amandla kudivayisi yeklayenti ngekhebula le-Ethernet elisontekile (ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ikhebula lekati.5 elinezixhumi ze-RJ45). Ikhebuli efanayo isetshenziswa kokubili ekudluliselweni kwedatha nasekunikezeni amandla idivayisi.

Yiziphi izisetshenziswa ezisekelwayo?

Okulandelayo kungasebenza njengamadivayisi anikezela ngogesi:

amaswishi,
amarotha,
nezinye izinto zenethiwekhi.

Okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa njengamadivayisi weklayenti:

amafoni anezintambo,
amakhamera wevidiyo,
izindawo zokufinyelela,
izinzwa ehlukahlukene kanye nezinye izinto eziphathelene nomngcele.

Kukhona futhi amadivaysi okuhlanganiswa nemishini engasekeli
I-PoE.

Lokhu kwenzelwa ini?

Njengoba imbongi uVladimir Mayakovsky yabhala: “Uma izinkanyezi zikhanya, kusho ukuthi kukhona ozidingayo.” Ngezansi kunezinzuzo zokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe.

Ixhuma amadivayisi ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo

Isibonelo, endaweni yokusebenza yomsebenzisi kunezisekelo ezimbili kuphela: zokuqapha kanye neyunithi yesistimu. Ngokuvamile izidingo ezinjalo aziveli ngenxa yamaphutha ekuhleleni, kodwa zichazwe yizimboni, izifunda kanye nezinye izindinganiso zokuphepha kwe-IT, ukuphepha komlilo, ukuphepha emsebenzini nokunye.

Esinye isibonelo siwukuthi uma ikhamera yevidiyo noma indawo yokufinyelela ifakwe ngaphansi kophahla, kungase kube nzima ukunweba ikhebula lamandla nalapho.

Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla

Inzuzo yesibili ukuthi i-PoE ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule idivayisi ngokusekelwe emandleni, isibonelo, vala okwesikhashana, uvule, noma uqale kabusha (uma iqhwa, ibuyekezwa, noma idingeka ngenye indlela).

Lokhu kulula uma kufanele usebenze ukude, noma uma amadivayisi asezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo.

Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza ngezindawo zokufinyelela ezingase zibekwe kude kakhulu noma zifihlwe endaweni ethile ngaphezu kophahla lwamanga.

Ukubhala. Cishe zonke izindawo zesimanje zokufinyelela ezivela ku-Zyxel zisekela i-PoE
futhi kufaka phakathi amamodeli amasha asekelwa i-Wi-Fi 6: "njengebhajethi" kakhulu I-NWA110AX nokuthuthuke kakhulu I-WAX650S и I-WAX510D

Umfanekiso 1. Iphoyinti lokufinyelela le-NWA802.11AX dual-band 6ax (Wi-Fi 110).

Ukunakekela okwenziwe lula

Ngaphezu kokusebenziseka kalula, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PoE kukuvumela ukuthi ukhulule ikhanda elibuhlungu mayelana nokuthenga nokulungisa ama-adaptha wamandla, ukunikeza abasebenzisi amasokhethi, isibonelo, ngokuthengwa kwe-PDU (ngamanye amazwi, "i-splitter ephethe"). Amanodi ambalwa asho amaphuzu ambalwa okuhluleka asho amakholi ambalwa kuya kusekelo lobuchwepheshe.

ukuphepha kukagesi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani uthini, ama-220 Volts maningi. Kubuhlungu, kuyabulala. Kodwa i-volts engu-57, okuyisilinganiso esiphezulu se-PoE, nayo iyingozi engathandeki, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Kwezinye izinhlangano, ukuze umlawuli wesistimu enze umsebenzi womuntu osebenza ngogesi, imvume ekhethekile iyadingeka. Lokhu kulawulwa yimboni efanayo namazinga esifunda. Futhi nge-PoE, asikaze sazi into enjengale. Iphuzu elibuthakathaka liyiphuzu elibuthakathaka.

Ubuhle

Yini abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abayidinga kakhulu? Ukube nje isebenzile. Kepha amanye “amaqabane” athuthuke kakhulu adinga ukuthi nawo abe “mahle”. Isibonelo, ukuze izintambo "ezengeziwe" zingalengi. Noma ukuze yonke into ibe nombala ofanayo. Futhi i-PoE isusa la ma-conductor "engeziwe". Izinhlobo ezehlukene zabahloli, amakhomishana kanye “nabaphathi abakhulu” bazwela kakhulu kulokhu.

Yimiphi imibi ye-PoE?

Izindleko eziphakeme zamadivayisi

Ngempela, kubiza ngaphezulu. Ikakhulukazi uma uthatha amathuluzi afakazelwe ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi, futhi ungathembeli kokuthi "mhlawumbe", ukuthenga "izixazululo ezingabizi ze-NoName".

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimiso esithi “kubiza kakhulu kusho ukuthi kungcono” asisebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuzingela uhlobo olubizayo kuphela uma kunezidingo ezengeziwe (kukhona uhlu "lwemishini egunyaziwe").

Kodwa ngisho nenani eliphezulu lezinto zokusebenza ezine-PoE, intengo yayo ingaba ngaphansi kakhulu kunokuhlela uhlelo olwengeziwe lwe-cabling olunegatsha kusukela ekuqaleni kuya kumadivayisi akude.

Ukwehla kwamandla

Lapho udlulisela isignali ye-voltage ephansi ngezintambo ezincane, ukusebenza kahle, ake sithi, ngeke kube kuhle kakhulu. Uma uqhelelene nomthombo wamandla, amandla kagesi amancane azoshiyelwa kubasebenzisi bamandla. Okunye kusetshenziselwa ukumelana nokushisa kwezintambo. Ngamandla endawo (hhayi i-PoE) isimo silula. Ngafaka ugesi kusokhethi "futhi amandla ahamba, ahamba..."

Kodwa-ke, izinkinga ezinjalo zebanga zingaxazululwa ngokusebenzisa ukushintshwa okukhethekile ngamandla esignali akhulayo, isibonelo, uchungechunge lweZyxel [GS1300] (https://www.zyxel.com/ru/ru/products_services/Unmanaged-Switch-For-Surveillance-GS1300-Series/) futhi I-GS1350.

Izidingo zeziqu zabasebenzi

Ake sithi nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-PoE kungadingi ulwazi olukhulu, imininingwane ethile
idinga ukufundiswa. Ulwazi mayelana nalolu daba lungatholakala ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi, nakuba uma umuntu engakaze asebenze nalobu buchwepheshe, uzohlangana nezinto zemfundo ezihlakazekile nezihlukene.

Amazinga we-PoE

Kwabasanda kuzalwa, kungase kube nokudideka okuthile. Kunezizukulwane ezi-3
okujwayelekile:

I-PoE yesizukulwane sokuqala (i-IEEE 802.3af standard) inikeza amandla afinyelela kwangu-15,4 W DC kudivayisi ngayinye exhunyiwe.

Isizukulwane sesibili se-IEEE 802.3at esijwayelekile, esibizwa nangokuthi i-PoE+, singaletha amandla afinyelela kwangu-30 W idivayisi ngayinye. Leli zinga lisetshenziselwa ukunika amandla abathengi abalambele amandla amaningi, njengamakhamera okuqapha e-Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) kanye nezindawo zokufinyelela ezingenantambo ze-11n.

Ukuze kube lula ukubona, umehluko omkhulu ufinyezwa kuthebula:

Amapharamitha
I-PoE
PoE +

Ama-voltage e-DC kudivayisi enamandla
ukusuka ku-36 ukuya ku-57 V (igama elingu-48V)
kusuka ku-42,5 kuya ku-57 V

I-voltage yomthombo
kusuka ku-44 kuya ku-57 V
kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-57 V

Amandla aphezulu omthombo we-PoE
15,4 W
30 W

Amandla aphezulu atholwe umthengi we-PoE
12,95 W
25,50 W

Ubuningi bamanje
350 ma
600 ma

Ubukhulu bokumelana nekhebula
20 Ohm (yekati.3)
12,5 Ohm (yekati.5)

Amakilasi okudla okunomsoco
0-3
0-4

Isizukulwane sesithathu sichazwa yizinga le-IEEE 802.3bt.

Amadivayisi e-PoE esizukulwane sesithathu anganikeza amandla afika ku-51 W ngekhebuli eyodwa.

Qaphela. Ukunika amandla amadivayisi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile be-IEEE 802.3bt. wonke amakhondaktha ayisishiyagalombili ekhebula elisontekile lesimanje (ikati 5 nangaphezulu) asetshenziswa, kuyilapho ezizukulwaneni ezimbili zokuqala ungakwazi ukudlula ngezine kuphela.

Mayelana nokuhambisana, amadivaysi e-PoE ahambisana emuva - amandla kagesi angu-802.3bt anamandla angase asetshenziselwe abasebenzisi abadala be-PoE ne-PoE+ (802.3af, kanye ne-802.3at).

Amagama: I-End-span kanye ne-Mid-Span

I-span yokuphela - idivayisi ehlinzeka ngogesi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhebula
imigqa.

Isibonelo sakudala: i-IP telephony switch inikeza amandla kunethiwekhi encane yezingcingo zasendlini ngaphakathi kwehhovisi.

Esinye isibonelo uhlelo lokubhekwa kwevidiyo endaweni yokugcina impahla encane, lapho amakhamera wevidiyo athola khona amandla ekushintsheni nge-PoE.

Ngokuvamile, amasistimu anjalo awanikezi ngamadivayisi engeziwe ukuze akhulise isignali yokuhlinzeka.

I-Mid-span - lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kuxhunyiwe hhayi kusukela ekuqaleni komugqa wekhebula, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho phakathi kokushintsha kanye nedivayisi yokugcina. Isibonelo, ukunika amandla ikhamera yevidiyo nge-injector, evulwa ngemva kweswishi kukhabhinethi yokuxhuma okuphambanayo okumaphakathi.

Itemu ethe xaxa:

I-PSE (Izisetshenziswa Zomthombo Wamandla) - imishini yokuhlinzeka ngogesi.
I-PD (Idivayisi Enamandla) - idivayisi enikwe amandla.

Ingabe ukunikezwa kwamandla kungaqonda ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi yeklayenti exhunyiwe: nge-PoE noma ngaphandle kwayo?

Uma sikhuluma nge-End-span, isibonelo, mayelana nokushintsha, konke akwenzeki nje, kodwa kulula kakhulu. Umthombo wamandla, njengeswishi enezimbobo ze-PoE, uvula amandla kuleyo mbobo kuphela uma idivayisi exhunyiwe (efana nendawo yokufinyelela) isekela i-PoE.

Isebenza kanjani?

Okokuqala, kwenziwa isheke: ukuthi idivayisi yeklayenti isekela amandla nge-PoE. Kusetshenziswa i-voltage ye-2,8 kuya ku-10 Volts, futhi ukumelana nokokufaka kunqunywa. Esimeni lapho imiphumela etholiwe ingabhekwa njengeyanelisayo ngokuphakelwa kukagesi nge-PoE, idivayisi yokuphakela amandla iqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo.
Idivayisi yokuphakela amandla inquma amandla adingekayo ukuze unike amandla idivayisi yeklayenti, ekulawuleni okulandelayo kwala mandla. Ngokuya ngezinga lokusetshenziswa, amadivaysi anikezwa ikilasi: ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-4.

Kodwa-ke, uma sikhuluma ngamadivayisi angabizi we-Mid-Span axhunywe ngemuva kwemishini evamile yenethiwekhi (ngaphandle kwe-PoE), yonke into ayinhle kangako. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaguquki okunamapharamitha angashintshi ngokuvamile kunikezwa kulayini, futhi isheke lokuthi “Iyiphi idivayisi ekwelinye icala lomugqa?” awenziwa.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma udinga ukuxhuma amadivaysi ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwe-PoE, kodwa akukho ukuphuma kwe-adaptha yamandla?

Ezimweni ezinjalo isetshenziswa I-PoE yokwenziwa usebenzisa Isihlukanisi se-PoE.

Kulesi simo, ukunikezwa kwamandla akuvoti idivayisi exhunyiwe futhi akufani namandla ayo. Amandla anikezwa kalula ngamakhondatha amabili asontekile amahhala kusetshenziswa isihlukanisi se-PoE.

Isihlukanisi se-PoE sihlukanisa isignali efika ngamapheya asontekile ibe idatha namandla (12V-24V). Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuphakela amandla kanye nokuhlanganisa idivayisi ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwe-PoE kwingqalasizinda ekhona. Ngale ndlela yokuxhuma, kuyadingeka ukukhetha ngokucophelela amandla omthombo wamandla kanye nomthengi wawo.

Kuthiwani uma kungenye indlela? Udinga ukuxhuma i-PD (idivayisi yeklayenti le-PoE) kumishini evamile yenethiwekhi?

Ukuze unike amandla amadivayisi weklayenti nge-PoE, ungasebenzisa PoE injector, eklanyelwe ukunikeza amandla engeziwe kukhebuli yenethiwekhi.

Umjovo we-PoE unesixhumi se-RJ45 kokokufaka kanye nesixhumi sokuxhuma kumthombo wamandla. Ekuphumeni kwayo inesixhumi esisodwa se-RJ45 esine-PoE.

Umjovo we-PoE wamukela isignali yenethiwekhi evamile futhi ufaka amandla emugqeni wokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, okuvumela ukuthi uxhume idivayisi ye-PoE lapho uphuma khona.

Umfanekiso 2. I-Zyxel PoE injector I-PoE12-HP

Yiziphi izidingo zekhebula?

Ukuze kuxhunywe lapho kunikwe amandla nge-PoE, ikhebula elisontekile lokungenani i-cat.5e liyasetshenziswa.

ezibalulekile. Amakhondatha kufanele abe yithusi, angabi yithusi, futhi okungenani abe ngu-0,51 mm (24 AWG) ubukhulu. Ukumelana nama-conductor akufanele kudlule i-9,38 Ohm / 100 m.

Empeleni, kuvame ukutuswa ukuthi ungasebenzisi izintambo ezinde kuno-75m, nakuba amazinga angu-802.3af no-802.3at asekela u-100m. Endabeni ye-Passive PoE, izincomo ezisebenzayo zingenathemba nakakhulu - ubude bangempela bekhebula bokusebenza okuvamile akufanele budlule ku-60m.

Nokho, ukushintshwa okukhethekile, okufana nokuphathwa I-GS1350 Okubalulekile Kobubanzi Obunwetshiwe ingasekela amadivaysi ebangeni elingu-250m ngesivinini esingu-10Mb/s.

Umfanekiso 3. Umdwebo wendlela i-Extended Range esebenza ngayo.

Kuyini ukuvikelwa kokuhlinzwa (SPD)?

Kunoma iyiphi isekethe kagesi enwetshiwe, kukhona usongo lwezimpumputhe zesikhashana ezibangelwa ukuqoqwa kwenkokhelo (ukwandisa umehluko ongase ube khona - i-overvoltage) elandelwa ukukhishwa. Ngezansi yizizathu zokuvela kwamapulse amafushane we-overvoltage.

Umbani ushaya eduze kwento, okuhlanganisa nenduku yombani, kubangela umfutho kagesi kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe kagesi, okudala i-emf ekhangisiwe kukhebuli.
Ukunqwabelana kukagesi omile okubangelwa i-ionization yomoya nezinye izinto zangaphandle kuholela ekubonakaleni kwamapulse kagesi amile angalimaza imishini.
Ama-overvoltages ngenxa yokushintsha nokushintshwa kwemishini, isibonelo, ukushintsha izintambo ze-patch ku-crossover, ukuvula amadivaysi kagesi engeziwe, ukuvula nokuvala umthwalo onamandla kuholela ekuveleni kwezinqubo zesikhashana kumasekhethi kagesi ngokukhuphuka okubukhali ku-voltage ye-pulsed, okuyinto kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwemishini.

Qaphela. Ngenxa yezizathu eziningi: umbani ushaya into eduze kwento phakathi nokuduma kwezulu, kanye ne-ionization yomoya kanye nokunqwabelana kukagesi wasemkhathini ngaphambi kokuduma kwezulu, lolu hlobo lokuvikela ngezinye izikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi “ukuvikela umbani.” Leli gama akufanele lididaniswe negama elithi “ukuvikela umbani” - okungukuthi, ngokuvikeleka ekushayweni kombani oqondile.

Ukuze uvimbele izinsongo ezinjalo, kusetshenziswa ama-surge voltage protection devices (SPDs). Kunezinketho ezimbili zokuvikela (ama-SPD): ukuthenga nokufaka izisetshenziswa zangaphandle kanye nokuvikela ukwakha kumadivayisi we-PoE.

Futhi ekugcineni, impendulo yombuzo: iyiphi idivayisi ukukhetha?

Ukukhetha ukunikezwa kwamandla

Uma ukhuluma ngokukhetha idivayisi yomthombo wamandla we-PoE, basho ukuphela kwe-span, futhi ngokuvamile lokhu ukushintshwa. Iswishi iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu; asetshenziswa kucingo lwe-IP, ukubhekwa kwevidiyo, lapho kulenga izindawo zokufinyelela, nalapho kufakwa zonke izinhlobo zezinzwa zesistimu yokuphepha, abalawuli be-ACS, njalo njalo.

Kubalulekile ukucabangela izici eziningana:

Ihambisana ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Okusho ukuthi, idivayisi yesimanjemanje esekela izinga lakamuva le-IEEE 802.3bt ingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma kanye namandla kumadivayisi amadala. Kodwa ngokuphambene - cha.
Ukude kwe-PD (Amadivayisi Anamandla). Ngaphezu kobude obuthi "lapha futhi manje," kufanelekile ukucabanga ngekusasa. Isibonelo, uma indawo yokugcina impahla ikhula, noma ukuthutha kwehhovisi kuhlelwa. Kungcono ukubeka igobolondo lezici ezithile “ngokwesikhathi esizayo.”
Ukuphathwa kwedivayisi. Ngokungeziwe kokuthi "ngena" ekushintsheni bese ucisha amandla ngesandla futhi uvule, kunezinye izinketho zokulawula, ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-LLDP amakhamera wevidiyo.
Ukuvikelwa kuma-surge voltages (SPD) nezinye izici eziyingozi.

I-Zyxel inamaswishi ahlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko ezingenhla. Lawa amamodeli ochungechunge olusha lwe-GS1350. Thina kakade wabhala ngabo ngaphambili Lolu chungechunge ekuqaleni lwalubekwe njenge "Amaswishi aphethwe ahlakaniphile amasistimu okuqapha amavidiyo" Nokho, angasetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga, njengokunika amandla amafoni, izindawo zokufinyelela, namanye amadivaysi e-PoE.

Umfanekiso 4. I-GS1350-26HP I-PoE Switch ezinikele enikezelwe.

Uchungechunge Lokushintsha Okungaphethwe I-GS1300 nazo ziyisinqumo esihle. Ukukhethwa kokushintsha okukhethekile okuvela ku-Zyxel kungabonakala kuMfanekiso 5.

Umfanekiso 5. Iphothifoliyo ye-Zyxel yamaswishi e-PoE aphethwe nangaphethwe.

Ukukhetha idivayisi yomthengi

Ngokuvamile, lapho ukhetha amadivaysi okuphela, aqondiswa izici zabo zabathengi, isibonelo, ikhwalithi yesithombe lapho ukhetha ikhamera yevidiyo, ukusekelwa kwamazinga e-Wi-Fi lapho ukhetha izindawo zokufinyelela, njalonjalo.

Nokho, ukunikezwa kukagesi nakho kushiya uphawu lwakho. Kunengqondo ukucabangela izici ezilandelayo:

Ukusebenza kwezindleko zedivayisi.
Amandla okuphatha.
Inani kanye nekhwalithi.

Kubalulekile! Ngaphandle kokuvumelana okumenyezelwe kokuphezulu, akufanele uthembele ku-100% kuleli thuba. Kuphrojekthi enhle, ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nabathengi kufanele basekele izinga elilodwa, mhlawumbe elamanje kakhulu, lihambisane ngokugcwele, futhi lithengwe ngokulindeleka kokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, isibonelo, i-Wi-Fi 6. Ukusebenza kabusha yonke ingxenye yengqalasizinda, ngokuziqhenya okubizwa ngokuthi “isimanjemanje,” ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu kunezinye izindleko ezengeziwe esigabeni sokuqaliswa.