Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezisekelo zokuthwebula nokuhlaziya ithrafikhi ye-SIP eyenziwe yi-3CX PBX. I-athikili iqondiswe kubaphathi besistimu yezimfundamakhwela noma abasebenzisi abajwayelekile abanezibopho zabo ezihlanganisa nokugcinwa kocingo. Ukuze uthole isifundo esijulile sesihloko, sincoma ukuthi usidlule .
I-3CX V16 ikuvumela ukuthi uthwebule ithrafikhi ye-SIP ngokuqondile ngesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu futhi uyigcine ngefomethi evamile ye-Wireshark PCAP. Ungakwazi ukunamathisela ifayela lokuthwebula lapho uxhumana nosekelo lobuchwepheshe noma ulilande ukuze lihlaziywe ngokuzimele.
Uma i-3CX isebenza ku-Windows, uzodinga ukufaka i-Wireshark kuseva ye-3CX ngokwakho. Uma kungenjalo, umlayezo olandelayo uzovela uma uzama ukuthwebula.
Ezinhlelweni ze-Linux, insiza ye-tcpdump ifakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ifaka noma ibuyekeza i-3CX.
Ukuthwebula ithrafikhi
Ukuze uqale ukuthwebula, yiya engxenyeni yesixhumi esibonakalayo Ekhaya > Imicimbi ye-SIP bese ukhetha isixhumi esibonakalayo ozothwebula kuso. Ungakwazi futhi ukuthwebula ithrafikhi kuzo zonke izixhumanisi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaphandle kwe-IPv6 tunneling interfaces.
Ku-3CX ye-Linux, ungathwebula ithrafikhi yomsingathi wendawo (lo). Lokhu kuthwebula kusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukuxhumeka kwamaklayenti e-SIP kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe .
Inkinobho yokuthwebula i-Traffic yethula i-Wireshark ku-Windows noma i-tcpdump ku-Linux. Kuleli qophelo, udinga ukukhiqiza kabusha inkinga ngokushesha, ngoba... ukuthwebula kuyi-CPU ejulile futhi kuthatha inani elifanelekile lesikhala sediski.
Naka imingcele yekholi elandelayo:
- Inombolo oshaye kuyo ucingo, lapho abanye izinombolo/abahlanganyeli ocingweni nabo abalushayele.
- Isikhathi esiqondile inkinga eyenzeka ngayo ngokwewashi leseva ye-3CX.
- Umzila wekholi.
Zama ukungachofozi noma yikuphi kusixhumi esibonakalayo ngaphandle kwenkinobho ethi βMisaβ. Futhi, ungachofozi ezinye izixhumanisi kuleli windi lesiphequluli. Uma kungenjalo, ukuthwebula kwethrafikhi kuzoqhubeka ngemuva futhi kuzoholela ekulayisheni okwengeziwe kuseva.
Ithola ifayela lokuthwebula
Inkinobho ethi Misa imisa ukuthwebula futhi ilondoloze ifayela lokuthwebula. Ungalanda ifayela kukhompuyutha yakho ukuze lihlaziywe ku-Wireshark utility noma ukhiqize ifayela elikhethekile , okuzofaka lokhu kuthwebula nolunye ulwazi lokususa iphutha. Uma selilandiwe noma selifakiwe kuphakheji yokusekela, ifayela lokuthwebula lisuswa ngokuzenzakalelayo kuseva ye-3CX ngezinjongo zokuphepha.
Kuseva ye-3CX ifayela litholakala endaweni elandelayo:
- Windows: C:ProgramData3CXInstance1DataLogsdump.pcap
- I-Linux: /var/lib/3cxpbx/Instance/Data/Logs/dump.pcap
Ukuze ugweme ukwanda komthwalo weseva noma ukulahleka kwephakethe ngesikhathi sokuthwebula, isikhathi sokuthwebula sikhawulelwe kumaphakethe ayizigidi ezi-2. Ngemva kwalokhu, ukuthwebula kuyama ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma udinga ukuthwebula isikhathi eside, sebenzisa insiza ehlukile ye-Wireshark njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi.
Thatha ithrafikhi nge-Wireshark utility
Uma ungathanda ukuhlaziya okujulile kwethrafikhi yenethiwekhi, yithwebule mathupha. Landa insiza ye-Wireshark ye-OS yakho . Ngemva kokufaka insiza kuseva ye-3CX, hamba kokuthi Capture > Izisetshenziswa. Zonke izixhumanisi zenethiwekhi ze-OS zizoboniswa lapha. Amakheli e-Interface IP angaboniswa ku-IPv6 ejwayelekile. Ukuze ubone ikheli le-IPv4, chofoza ikheli le-IPv6.
Khetha i-interface ozoyithatha bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi Izinketho. Susa ukumaka ukuthwebula i-traffic kumodi engcolile bese ushiya zonke ezinye izilungiselelo zingashintshile.
Manje kufanele ukhiqize kabusha inkinga. Uma inkinga ikhiqizwa kabusha, yeka ukuthwebula (Ukuthwebula Kwemenyu > Misa). Ungakhetha imilayezo ye-SIP kucingo > Imenyu yokugeleza kwe-SIP.
Okuyisisekelo Kokuhlaziywa Kwethrafikhi - SIP MEME Umlayezo
Ake sibheke izinkambu eziyinhloko zomlayezo we-SIP INVITE, othunyelwa ukusungula ikholi ye-VoIP, i.e. isiqalo sokuhlaziya. Ngokuvamile, i-SIP INVITE ifaka phakathi izinkambu ezi-4 kuye kwezi-6 ngolwazi olusetshenziswa amadivayisi wokugcina we-SIP (amafoni, amasango) kanye nama-opharetha ocingo. Ukuqonda okuqukethwe yi-INVITE nemilayezo eyilandelayo ngokuvamile kungasiza ekutholeni umthombo wenkinga. Ukwengeza, ulwazi lwezinkambu ze-INVITE lusiza lapho uxhuma opharetha be-SIP ku-3CX noma uhlanganisa i-3CX namanye ama-SIP PBX.
Kumlayezo othi-INVITE, abasebenzisi (noma amadivayisi we-SIP) bakhonjwa nge-URI. Ngokuvamile, i-SIP URI inombolo yefoni yomsebenzisi + nekheli leseva ye-SIP. I-SIP URI ifana kakhulu nekheli le-imeyili futhi ibhalwe ngokuthi sip:x@y:Port.
Isicelo-Ulayini-URI:
Isicelo-Line-URI - Inkambu iqukethe umamukeli wocingo. Iqukethe ulwazi olufanayo njengenkambu ethi To, kodwa ngaphandle kweGama lokubonisa lomsebenzisi.
Nge:
Nge - iseva ye-SIP ngayinye (ummeleli) lapho isicelo se-INVITE sidlula khona yengeza ikheli layo le-IP kanye nembobo lapho umlayezo wamukelwe khona phezulu ohlwini lwe-Via. Umlayezo ube usudluliswa ngokuqhubekayo emzileni. Lapho umamukeli wokugcina ephendula esicelweni esithi ISIMEMO, wonke amanodi ezokuthutha "abheke phezulu" unhlokweni we-Via bese ubuyisela umlayezo kumthumeli ngomzila ofanayo. Kulesi simo, ummeleli we-SIP wezokuthutha ususa idatha yakhe kunhlokweni.
Kusuka:
Kusuka - unhlokweni ukhombisa umqalisi wesicelo ngombono weseva ye-SIP. Isihloko sakhiwe ngendlela efanayo nekheli le-imeyili (umsebenzisi@domain, lapho umsebenzisi eyinombolo yesandiso somsebenzisi we-3CX, futhi isizinda siyikheli le-IP lendawo noma isizinda se-SIP seseva ye-3CX). Njengesihloko esithi Ku-To, unhlokweni othi From uqukethe i-URI kanye negama lokubonisa lomsebenzisi. Ngokubheka okuthi Kusuka kunhlokweni, ungaqonda kahle ukuthi lesi sicelo se-SIP kufanele sicutshungulwe kanjani.
I-SIP ejwayelekile i-RFC 3261 ibeka ukuthi uma i-Display Name ingadluliswanga, ifoni ye-IP noma isango le-VoIP (UAC) kufanele lisebenzise Igama Lokubonisa elithi "Anonymous", isibonelo, From: "Anonymous"[i-imeyili ivikelwe]>.
Ku:
Ku - Lo unhlokweni ukhombisa umamukeli wesicelo. Lokhu kungaba umamukeli wokugcina wekholi noma isixhumanisi esimaphakathi. Ngokuvamile unhlokweni uqukethe i-SIP URI, kodwa ezinye izikimu ziyenzeka (bona i-RFC 2806 [9]). Nokho, ama-SIP URIs kufanele asekelwe kukho konke ukusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi ye-SIP, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizi wezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha. The To unhlokweni ungaqukatha neGama lokubonisa, isibonelo, Ukuze: "Igama Lokuqala Isibongo"[i-imeyili ivikelwe]>).
Ngokujwayelekile inkambu ethi Kuya kuqukethe i-SIP URI ekhomba kummeleli we-SIP wokuqala (olandelayo) ozocubungula isicelo. Lokhu akudingekile ukuba kube umamukeli wokugcina wesicelo.
Contact:
Oxhumana naye - unhlokweni uqukethe i-SIP URI engasetshenziswa ukuxhumana nomthumeli wesicelo se-INVITE. Lona unhlokweni odingekayo futhi kufanele uqukathe i-SIP URI eyodwa kuphela. Iyingxenye yokuxhumana okubili okuhambisana nesicelo sokuqala SIP INVITE. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi unhlokweni Wokuxhumana uqukethe ulwazi olulungile (okuhlanganisa nekheli le-IP) lapho umthumeli wesicelo elindele impendulo. I-URI Contact iphinde isetshenziswe ekuxhumaneni okuqhubekayo, ngemva kokuba iseshini yokuxhumana isisungulwe.
Vumela:
Vumela - inkambu iqukethe uhlu lwamapharamitha (izindlela ze-SIP), ezihlukaniswa ngamakhoma. Bachaza ukuthi yimaphi amandla ephrothokholi ye-SIP umthumeli othile (idivayisi) asekelayo. Uhlu olugcwele lwezindlela: ACK, BYE, KHANSELA, ULWAZI, MEMA, YAZISA, IZINKETHO, PRACK, REFERE, BHALISA, BHALISA, BUYEKEZA. Izindlela ze-SIP zichazwe kabanzi .
Source: www.habr.com