Ingabe imizuzwana emihlanu miningi noma mincane? Ukuphuza ikhofi elishisayo akwanele, ukuswayipha ikhadi lakho bese uya emsebenzini kuningi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangenxa yokubambezeleka okunjalo, kuba nolayini ezindaweni zokuhlola, ikakhulukazi ekuseni. Manje ake sigcwalise izimfuneko zokuvimbela i-COVID-19 futhi siqale ukukala izinga lokushisa lawo wonke umuntu ongena? Isikhathi sokudlula sizokhula izikhathi ezingu-3-4, ngenxa yalokhu isixuku sizovela, futhi esikhundleni sokulwa negciwane, sizothola izimo ezikahle zokusabalala kwalo.
Ukuze uvimbele lokhu kungenzeki, udinga ukuhlela abantu kulayini noma wenze le nqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Okukhethwa kukho kwesibili, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinga lokushisa lenani elikhulu labantu ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaphandle kokuwathwalisa ngezenzo ezengeziwe. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokungeza isistimu yokuqapha ividiyo futhi wenze izenzo ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa: khomba ubuso, ulinganise izinga lokushisa futhi unqume ubukhona bemaski. Sikhulume ngokuthi izinhlelo ezinjalo zisebenza kanjani engqungqutheleni yethu β"futhi sizokutshela kabanzi ngaphansi kwesinqunyiwe.
Zisetshenziswa kuphi izinhlelo zokuthwebula ezishisayo?
Umthwebuli wesithombe oshisayo uyidivayisi ye-optical-electronic "ebona" ββku-spectrum ye-infrared. Yebo, lokhu kuyinto efanayo kusukela kumafilimu esenzo mayelana nokudunga amandla akhethekile namafilimu mayelana ne-Predator, enemibala emihle isithombe esivamile ngamathoni abomvu naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Empeleni, akukho okungajwayelekile ngakho futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu: izithombe ezishisayo zinquma indawo nokuma kwezinto ezikhipha ukushisa futhi zikale izinga lokushisa lazo.
Embonini, izithombe ezishisayo kade zisetshenziswa ukuqapha amazinga okushisa emigqeni yokukhiqiza, izinto zokusebenza zezimboni noma amapayipi. Ngokuvamile izithombe ezishisayo zingabonakala eduze komjikelezo wezinto ezibucayi: amasistimu ezithombe ezishisayo "abone" ukushisa okukhishwa ngumuntu. Ngosizo lwazo, amasistimu ezokuphepha athola ukungena okungagunyaziwe esikhungweni ngisho nasebumnyameni obuphelele.
Ngenxa ye-COVID-19, amakhamera ezithombe ezishisayo aya ngokuya ehlanganiswa namasistimu wokuhlonza i-biometric ukuze alawule ukufinyelela. Isibonelo, ihlanganiswe ku-"Β» (isixazululo esiphelele esivela ku-Rostelecom, esakhiwe futhi esakhiwe eRussia) imishini yokuthwebula eshisayo ingakala izinga lokushisa labantu, ilandelele ukunyakaza futhi igqamise abantu abanamazinga okushisa aphakeme.
Azikho izindinganiso eziphoqelekile zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-imaging ezishisayo eRussia, kodwa kukhona okujwayelekile , ngokusho ukuthi kudingekile ukuqapha izinga lokushisa labo bonke abavakashi nabasebenzi. Futhi amasistimu wokuthwebula izithombe ashisayo enza lokhu cishe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokudinga izenzo ezengeziwe kubasebenzi nezivakashi.
Asebenza kanjani amasistimu okusakaza-bukhoma ukukala izinga lokushisa okungaxhumene naye
Isisekelo sesistimu siyinkimbinkimbi yokucabangela eshisayo ehlanganisa izithombe ezishisayo namakhamera avamile, ahlanganiswe endlini evamile. Uma uhamba ephasijini futhi ikhamera egcwele amehlo amabili ikubuka ebusweni, lesi isithombe esishisayo. Abenza imigilingwane yaseShayina ngezinye izikhathi bazenza zibe mhlophe bese bengeza βizindlebeβ ezincane ukuze zibukeke njengama-panda.
Kudingeka ama-optics alula ukuze kuhlanganiswe ne-BioSKUD kanye nokusebenza kwama-algorithms okubona ubuso - ukukhomba nokuhlola ukutholakala kwezinto zokuzivikela (imaski) zalabo abangenayo. Ukwengeza, ikhamera evamile ingasetshenziswa ukuqapha ibanga phakathi kwabantu noma phakathi kwabantu nemishini. Ku-software, ulwazi lwevidiyo mayelana nemiphumela yokulinganisa luboniswa ngendlela evamile ku-opharetha.
Ukuze isithombe esishisayo sisabele kuphela ezingeni lokushisa labantu, sesivele iqukethe i-algorithm yokuthola ubuso. Imishini ifunda izinga lokushisa kusuka ku-matrix eshisayo ezindaweni ezifanele - kulokhu, endaweni yasebunzini. Ngaphandle kwalesi βsihlungi,β isithwebuli sesithombe esishisayo singaqalisa izinkomishi zekhofi elishisayo, amalambu e-incandescent, njll. Imisebenzi eyengeziwe ihlanganisa ukuqapha ubukhona bezinto zokuvikela nokugcina ibanga.
Ngokuvamile, ekungeneni kwezakhiwo, izinhlelo ze-imaging ezishisayo zihlanganiswe nokulawula ukufinyelela kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha. Inkimbinkimbi ixhuma kuseva, ecubungula idatha engenayo isebenzisa ama-algorithms ezibalo zevidiyo futhi iwathumele ku-automated operator workstation (AWS).
Uma ikhamera yokuthwebula eshisayo ithola izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, ikhamera evamile ithatha isithombe sesivakashi futhi isithumele ohlelweni lokulawula ukuze sihlonzwe nesizindalwazi sabasebenzi noma izivakashi.
Ukulinganiswa kwamasistimu wokucabanga okushisayo: kusuka kumasampuli ayireferensi kuya ekufundeni komshini
Ukuze usethe futhi usebenzise isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa esingathintana nokusakaza, ngokuvamile siyasetshenziswa umzimba omnyama ngokuphelele (ABL), okuthi kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa limunce imisebe ye-electromagnetic kuzo zonke izigaba. Ifakwe endaweni yokubuka yekhamera yesithombe esishisayo futhi isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa isithwebuli sesithombe esishisayo. I-blackbody igcina izinga lokushisa eliyinkomba lika-32-40 Β°C (kuye ngokuthi umenzi), lapho okokusebenza "kubhekwa" ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kukala izinga lokushisa kwezinye izinto.
Akulula ukusebenzisa uhlelo olunjalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze isithombe esishisayo sisebenze kahle, umzimba omnyama kufanele ufudumale ufike ezingeni lokushisa olifunayo imizuzu eyi-10-15. Kwesinye isikhungo, i-thermal imaging complex yayicishwa ebusuku, futhi ekuseni i-blackbody yayingenaso isikhathi sokufudumeza kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, wonke umuntu owayengena kushifti wayenezinga lokushisa eliphakeme ekuqaleni kweshifti. Kamuva sakuqonda lokho, futhi manje isistimu ye-imaging eshisayo ayivaliwe ebusuku.
Njengamanje senza ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obusivumela ukuthi senze ngaphandle kwe-blackbody. Kwavela ukuthi isikhumba sethu siseduze nezici zaso emzimbeni omnyama ngokuphelele, futhi ubuso bomuntu bungasetshenziswa njengendlela evamile. Siyazi ukuthi abantu abaningi banezinga lokushisa lomzimba elingu-36,6 Β°C. Uma, isibonelo, ulandelela abantu abanezinga lokushisa elifanayo imizuzu engu-10 futhi uthatha leli zinga lokushisa libe ngu-36,6 Β°C, ungakwazi ukulinganisa isithombe esishisayo ngokusekelwe ebusweni babo. Lobu buchwepheshe, obuqaliswe ngosizo lobuhlakani bokufakelwa, bubonisa imiphumela emihle - akukho okubi kakhulu kunezinhlelo ze-imaging ezishisayo ezinomzimba omnyama.
Lapho kusasetshenziswa i-blackbody, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa busiza ekulinganiseni izithombe ezishisayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi amasistimu amaningi we-imaging ashisayo adinga ukufakwa ngesandla kwesithombe esishisayo kanye nokulungiswa kwaso emzimbeni omnyama. Kodwa-ke, lapho izimo zishintsha, ukulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe futhi, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombe ezishisayo ziqala ukubonisa ukuchezuka kwezinga lokushisa noma ukusabela ezivakashini ngezinga lokushisa elivamile. Ukulinganisa okwenziwa ngesandla kuyinjabulo enjalo, ngakho-ke senze imojula esekelwe kubuhlakani bokufakelwa, obunesibopho sokuthola umzimba omnyama futhi silungise yonke into ngokwayo.
Kungenzeka yini ukuzifihla kuma-algorithms?
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini kuvame ukusetshenziswa kuma-biometric angathintwa. I-AI inesibopho sokubona ubuso emfudlaneni ukukala izinga lokushisa, indiva izinto zangaphandle (inkomishi eshisayo yekhofi noma itiye, izakhi zokukhanyisa, izinto zikagesi). Hhayi-ke, ama-algorithms okuqeqesha ukubona ubuso obugqoke imaski bekuyinto okufanele ibe nayo kunoma yiluphi uhlelo kusukela ngo-2018, ngisho nangaphambi kwe-coronavirus: eMpumalanga Ephakathi, abantu bavala ingxenye ebalulekile yobuso babo ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo, futhi emazweni amaningi ase-Asia banesikhathi eside. sebenzisa imaski ukuvikela umkhuhlane noma intuthu yasemadolobheni. Ukuqaphela ubuso obufihle uhhafu kunzima kakhulu, kodwa ama-algorithms nawo ayathuthuka: namuhla amanethiwekhi e-neural athola ubuso obugqoke imaski ngendlela efanayo neyangonyaka odlule ngaphandle kwemaski.
Kubukeka sengathi imaski nezinye izinto zokuzivikela kufanele ngabe kube inkinga ekuhlonzweni. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, ukuba khona kwe-mask noma ukuguqulwa kwekhanda noma ukuma kwezibuko kuthinta ukunemba kokuqashelwa. Ama-algorithms okuthola ubuso asebenzisa amaphuzu asuka endaweni ye-eye-ear-nese ehlala evulekile.
Isimo kuphela "sokwehluleka" ekusebenzeni kwethu kuhilela ukushintsha ukubukeka komuntu ngokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki. Isisebenzi ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki asikwazanga ukudlula kuma-turnstiles: ama-biometric processors awakwazanga ukumkhomba. Kwadingeka ngibuyekeze isithombe ukuze ukufinyelela ngejometri yobuso kuzophinde kusebenze.
Amandla wezinhlelo zokucabanga ezishisayo
Ukunemba kwesilinganiso nesivinini saso kuncike ekulungisweni kwe-matrix yesithombe esishisayo nezinye izici zayo. Kodwa ngemuva kwanoma iyiphi i-matrix kunesofthiwe: i-algorithm yokuhlaziya ividiyo inesibopho sokuhlonza izinto kuhlaka, ukuzikhomba nokuzihluza.
Isibonelo, i-algorithm yesinye sezinkimbinkimbi ikala izinga lokushisa labantu abangu-20 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umthamo we-complex ungafika kubantu abangama-400 ngomzuzu, okwanele ukuthi usetshenziswe emabhizinisini amakhulu ezimboni, ezikhumulweni zezindiza naseziteshini zezitimela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izithombe ezishisayo zirekhoda izinga lokushisa ebangeni elingafika kumamitha angu-9 ngokunemba kokuhlanganisa noma ukususa okungu-0,3 Β°C.
Kukhona ama-complexes alula. Nokho, bangakwazi futhi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yabo ngokuphumelelayo. Isixazululo esisodwa ukuhlanganisa isithombe esishisayo kuhlaka lomtshina wensimbi. Le sethi yemishini ifanele izindawo zokuhlola ezinokugeleza okuncane kwezivakashi - abantu abangafika kwabangama-40 ngomzuzu. Imishini enjalo ithola ubuso babantu futhi ikala izinga lokushisa ngokunemba okungu-0,5 Β°C ebangeni elingafika kumitha elingu-1.
Izinkinga lapho usebenza nezithombe ezishisayo
Isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa okungaxhunywanga labantu emfudlaneni okwamanje asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi siphelele. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ebengaphandle isikhathi eside esimweni sezulu esibandayo, emnyango isithwebuli sesithombe esishisayo sizobonisa izinga lokushisa elingu-1β2 Β°C eliphansi kunalelo langempela. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlelo lungavumela abantu abanamazinga okushisa aphakeme ukuba bangene endaweni. Lokhu kungaxazululwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, isibonelo:
- a) dala umhume oshisayo ukuze ngaphambi kokulinganisa izinga lokushisa, abantu bazijwayeze futhi basuke esithwathwa;
- b) ngezinsuku ezineqhwa, engeza u-1β2 Β°C ezingeni lokushisa labo bonke abagibeli abangenayo - nokho, lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi labo abafike ngemoto basolwe.
Enye inkinga yinani lentengo lamasistimu wokuthwebula izithombe ezishisayo. Lokhu kungenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza i-matrix yokucabanga eshisayo, edinga ukulinganisa okunembile, i-germanium optics, njll.
Source: www.habr.com