Sesivele sibheke ama-VLAN endawo ezifundweni zevidiyo Izinsuku 11, 12 no-13 futhi namuhla sizoqhubeka siwafunda ngokuhambisana nezihloko ze-ICND2. Ngiqophe ividiyo edlule, ebiphawula ukuphela kwamalungiselelo okuhlolwa kwe-ICND1, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule futhi sonke lesi sikhathi kuze kube namuhla bengimatasa kakhulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi abaningi benu baphumelele lesi sivivinyo ngempumelelo, labo abaye bahlehlisa ukuhlolwa bangalinda kuze kube sekupheleni kwengxenye yesibili yesifundo bese bezama ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-CCNA 200-125.
Ngesifundo sevidiyo sanamuhla “Usuku 34” siqala isihloko sesifundo se-ICND2. Abantu abaningi bayangibuza ukuthi kungani singayikhavanga i-OSPF ne-EIGRP. Iqiniso liwukuthi lezi zimiso azifakiwe ezihlokweni zesifundo se-ICND1 futhi zifundwa ukulungiselela ukuphasa i-ICND2. Kusukela namuhla sizoqala ukumboza izihloko zengxenye yesibili yesifundo futhi, kunjalo, sizofunda ama-puncture we-OSPF kanye ne-EIGRP. Ngaphambi kokuqala isihloko sanamuhla, ngifuna ukukhuluma ngokwakhiwa kwezifundo zethu zevidiyo. Lapho ngethula izihloko ze-ICND1, angizange nginamathele kuzifanekiso ezamukelekayo, kodwa ngimane ngachaza indaba ngokunengqondo, njengoba ngangikholelwa ukuthi le ndlela iqondakala kalula. Manje, lapho ngifunda i-ICND2, ngesicelo sabafundi, ngizoqala ukwethula izinto zokuqeqesha ngokuhambisana nohlelo lwezifundo kanye nohlelo lwezifundo zeCisco.
Uma uya kuwebhusayithi yenkampani, uzobona lolu hlelo kanye neqiniso lokuthi sonke isifundo sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezi-5 eziyinhloko:
- Ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha inethiwekhi yendawo (26% yezinto zokufundisa);
- Ubuchwepheshe bomzila (29%);
- Ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke (16%);
- Izinkonzo zengqalasizinda (14%);
- Ukugcinwa kwengqalasizinda (15%).
Ngizoqala ngengxenye yokuqala. Uma uchofoza imenyu yokudonsela phansi kwesokudla, ungabona izihloko ezinemininingwane zalesi sigaba. Isifundo sevidiyo sanamuhla sizohlanganisa izihloko zeSigaba 1.1: “Ukulungiselela, Ukuqinisekisa, kanye Nokuxazulula Izinkinga zama-VLAN (Ububanzi Okuvamile/Obunwetshiwe) Ahlanganisa Amaswishi Amaningi” kanye Nezigatshana 1.1a “Izimbobo Zokufinyelela (Idatha Nezwi)” kanye 1.1.b “Ama-VLAN Azenzakalelayo” .
Okulandelayo, ngizozama ukunamathela esimisweni esifanayo sokwethulwa, okungukuthi, isifundo ngasinye sevidiyo sizonikelwa esigabeni esisodwa esinezigatshana, futhi uma kungenandaba eyanele, ngizohlanganisa izihloko zezigaba eziningana esifundweni esisodwa, ngoba isibonelo, 1.2 kanye 1.3. Uma kunezinto eziningi kulesi sigaba, ngizozihlukanisa zibe amavidiyo amabili. Kunoma ikuphi, sizolandela isilabhasi yesifundo futhi ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa kalula amanothi akho nekharikhulamu yamanje ye-Cisco.
Ungabona ideskithophu yami entsha esikrinini, lena iWindows 10. Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa ideskithophu yakho ngamawijethi ahlukahlukene, ungabuka ividiyo yami ebizwa ngokuthi “Pimp Your Desktop”, lapho engikukhombisa khona ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ngokwezifiso ideskithophu yakho yekhompuyutha ngokuya nge izidingo zakho. Ngithumela amavidiyo alolu hlobo kwesinye isiteshi, i-ExplainWorld, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa isixhumanisi esisekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla futhi uzijwayeze okuqukethwe kuso.
Ngaphambi kokuqala isifundo, ngicela ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukwabelana nokuthanda amavidiyo ami. Ngingathanda futhi ukukukhumbuza ngoxhumana nabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nezixhumanisi zamakhasi ami siqu. Ungangibhalela nge-imeyili, futhi njengoba bese ngishilo, abantu abenze umnikelo kuwebhusayithi yethu bazoza kuqala ekutholeni impendulo yami yomuntu siqu.
Uma ungazange unikele, kulungile, ungashiya amazwana akho ngezansi kwezifundo zevidiyo esiteshini se-YouTube futhi ngizoziphendula ngokusemandleni ami.
Ngakho-ke, namuhla, ngokohlelo lwe-Cisco, sizobheka imibuzo emi-3: qhathanisa i-VLAN Emisiwe, noma i-VLAN ezenzakalelayo, ne-VLAN yoMdabu, noma i-VLAN “yomdabu”, thola ukuthi i-VLAN Evamile (uhla lwe-VLAN evamile) ihluke kanjani ibanga elinwetshiwe lamanethiwekhi e-VLAN Anwetshiwe futhi Ake sibheke umehluko phakathi kwe-Data VLAN ne-Voice VLAN. Njengoba ngishilo, sesike salufunda lolu daba ochungechungeni lwangaphambilini, kodwa ngokukha phezulu, abafundi abaningi basenobunzima bokunquma umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-VLAN. Namuhla ngizochaza lokhu ngendlela wonke umuntu angayiqonda.
Ake sibheke umehluko phakathi kwe-Default VLAN ne-Native VLAN. Uma uthatha iswishi entsha ye-Cisco enezilungiselelo zasembonini, izoba nama-VLAN angu-5 - VLAN1, VLAN1002, VLAN1003, VLAN1004 kanye ne-VLAN1005.
I-VLAN1 iyi-VLAN ezenzakalelayo yawo wonke amadivayisi e-Cisco, futhi ama-VLAN angu-1002-1005 abekelwe i-Token Ring ne-FDDI. I-VLAN1 ayikwazi ukususwa noma iqanjwe kabusha, izixhumanisi zokusebenzelana azikwazi ukungezwa kuyo, futhi zonke izimbobo zokushintshwa ngezale nethiwekhi ngokuzenzakalelayo zize zilungiswe ngendlela ehlukile. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, wonke amaswishi angakhuluma ngoba wonke ayingxenye ye-VLAN1. Yilokhu okushiwo "i-VLAN ezenzakalelayo".
Uma ungena kuzilungiselelo zokushintshwa kwe-SW1 futhi unikeze izixhumanisi ezimbili kunethiwekhi ye-VLAN20, zizoba yingxenye yenethiwekhi ye-VLAN20. Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale isifundo sanamuhla, ngikweluleka kakhulu ukuthi ubuyekeze iziqephu 11,12, 13 no-XNUMX okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla ngoba ngeke ngiphinde ukuthi amaVLAN ayini nokuthi asebenza kanjani.
Ngizokukhumbuza nje ukuthi awukwazi ukwabela ngokuzenzakalelayo izixhumanisi kunethiwekhi ye-VLAN20 uze uyidale, ngakho-ke okokuqala udinga ukuya kumodi yokucushwa komhlaba wonke bese udala i-VLAN20. Ungabheka ikhonsoli yezilungiselelo ze-CLI futhi ubone ukuthi ngiqonde ukuthini. Uma usunikeze lezi zimbobo ezi-2 ku-VLAN20, i-PC1 ne-PC2 zizokwazi ukuxhumana zodwa ngoba zombili zizobe zingeze-VLAN20 efanayo. Kodwa i-PC3 isazoba yingxenye ye-VLAN1 ngakho-ke ngeke ikwazi ukuxhumana namakhompyutha ku-VLAN20.
Sine-switch yesibili engu-SW2, enye yezindawo zokuhlangana eyabelwe ukusebenza ne-VLAN20, futhi i-PC5 ixhumeke kulesi sikhumulo. Ngalo mklamo wokuxhumana, i-PC5 ayikwazi ukuxhumana ne-PC4 ne-PC6, kodwa amakhompyutha amabili angakwazi ukuxhumana ngoba ayingxenye ye-VLAN1 efanayo.
Womabili amaswishi axhunywe nge-trunk ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezilungiselelwe ngokulandelanayo. Ngeke ngiziphinde, ngizosho nje ukuthi wonke amachweba okushintsha alungiselelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo kumodi ye-trunking kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-DTP. Uma uxhuma ikhompuyutha embobeni ethile, le mbobo izosebenzisa imodi yokufinyelela. Uma ufuna ukushintsha imbobo lapho i-PC3 ixhunywe khona kule modi, uzodinga ukufaka umyalo wokufinyelela kumodi yokushintsha.
Ngakho-ke, uma uxhuma amaswishi amabili komunye nomunye, akha isiqu. Amachweba amabili aphezulu e-SW1 azodlula ithrafikhi ye-VLAN20 kuphela, imbobo engezansi izodlula kuphela ithrafikhi ye-VLAN1, kodwa uxhumano lwe-trunk luzodlula kuwo wonke ama-traffic adlula ku-switch. Ngakho, i-SW2 izothola ithrafikhi kusuka kokubili i-VLAN1 ne-VLAN20.
Njengoba ukhumbula, ama-VLAN anokubaluleka kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, i-SW2 iyazi ukuthi ithrafikhi efika echwebeni i-VLAN1 isuka ku-PC4 ingathunyelwa kuphela ku-PC6 ngembobo okungeye-VLAN1. Nokho, lapho iswishi eyodwa ithumela ithrafikhi kwenye i-trunk, kufanele isebenzise indlela echaza iswishi yesibili ukuthi iwuhlobo olunjani lwethrafikhi. Njengomshini onjalo, kusetshenziswa inethiwekhi yoMdabu ye-VLAN, exhunywe embotsheni ye-trunk futhi idlulise ithrafikhi emakayo kuyo.
Njengoba ngike ngasho, ukushintsha kunenethiwekhi eyodwa kuphela engekho ngaphansi kwezinguquko - lena inethiwekhi ezenzakalelayo ye-VLAN1. Kodwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-Native VLAN yi-VLAN1. Iyini i-Native VLAN? Lena inethiwekhi evumela ithrafikhi engamakiwe evela ku-VLAN1, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho ichweba le-trunk lithola ithrafikhi kusuka kunoma iyiphi enye inethiwekhi, esimweni sethu i-VLAN20, imakiwe ngempela. Uhlaka ngalunye lunekheli okuyiwa kulo i-DA, ikheli lomthombo i-SA, nomaka we-VLAN oqukethe i-VLAN ID. Esimweni sethu, le ID ikhombisa ukuthi le thrafikhi ingeye-VLAN20, ngakho ingathunyelwa kuphela ngembobo ye-VLAN20 futhi iqondiswe ku-PC5. I-VLAN yomdabu kungashiwo ukuthi inquma ukuthi ithrafikhi kufanele imakwe noma ingamakwa.
Khumbula ukuthi i-VLAN1 iyi-VLAN yoMdabu ezenzakalelayo ngoba ngokuzenzakalelayo wonke amachweba asebenzisa i-VLAN1 njenge-VLAN Yomdabu ukuze aphathe ithrafikhi engamakiwe. Nokho, i-VLAN Emisiwe yi-VLAN1 kuphela, inethiwekhi kuphela engenakushintshwa. Uma iswishi ithola ozimele abangamakiwe embobeni ye-trunk, ibanika ngokuzenzakalelayo i-VLAN yomdabu.
Kalula nje, ekushintsheni kwe-Cisco ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi i-VLAN njenge-VLAN Yomdabu, isibonelo, i-VLAN20, futhi i-VLAN1 kuphela engasetshenziswa njenge-VLAN Ezenzakalelayo.
Ngokwenza kanjalo, singase sibe nenkinga. Uma sishintsha i-Native VLAN yembobo ye-trunk yokushintsha kokuqala ku-VLAN20, khona-ke ichweba lizocabanga: "njengoba lokhu kuyi-VLAN yoMdabu, khona-ke ithrafikhi yayo ayidingi ukumakwa" futhi izothumela ithrafikhi engafakiwe yenethiwekhi ye-VLAN20. eduze kwe-trunk kuya ku-switch yesibili. Shintsha i-SW2, ngemva kokuthola le thrafikhi, izothi: “kuhle, le thrafikhi ayinayo umaka. Ngokwezilungiselelo zami, i-VLAN yami yoMdabu yi-VLAN1, okusho ukuthi kufanele ngithumele lesi thrafikhi esingamakiwe ku-VLAN1. Ngakho-ke i-SW2 izodlulisela kuphela ithrafikhi eyamukelwe ku-PC4 naku-PC-6 nakuba imiselwe i-PC5. Lokhu kuzodala inkinga enkulu yezokuphepha ngoba kuzoxuba ithrafikhi ye-VLAN. Yingakho i-VLAN yoMdabu efanayo kufanele ihlale imisiwe kuzo zombili izimbobo ze-trunk, okungukuthi, uma i-VLAN yoMdabu yembobo ye-trunk SW1 iyi-VLAN20, khona-ke i-VLAN20 efanayo kufanele isethwe njenge-VLAN yoMdabu ku-trunk port SW2.
Lona umehluko phakathi kwe-Native VLAN kanye ne-Default VLAN, futhi udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi wonke ama-VLAN oMdabu esiqwini kufanele afane (inothi lomhumushi: ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi ngaphandle kwe-VLAN1 njenge-Native VLAN).
Ake sibheke lokhu ngokombono wokushintsha. Ungangena ekushintsheni bese uthayipha umyalo omfushane we-vlan, ngemuva kwalokho uzobona ukuthi wonke amachweba okushintsha axhumeke ku-Default VLAN1.
Ngezansi kukhonjiswa amanye ama-VLAN angu-4: 1002,1003,1004 kanye no-1005. Lena futhi i-VLAN Emisiwe, ungabona lokhu ekuqokweni kwawo. Amanethiwekhi azenzakalelayo ngoba abekelwe amanethiwekhi athile - Token Ring kanye ne-FDDI. Njengoba ubona, zisesimweni esisebenzayo, kodwa azisekelwe, ngoba amanethiwekhi wamazinga ashiwo awaxhunyiwe ekushintsheni.
Igama elithi "okuzenzakalelayo" le-VLAN 1 alinakushintshwa ngoba iyinethiwekhi ezenzakalelayo. Njengoba ngokuzenzakalelayo wonke ama-switch port angezale nethiwekhi, wonke amaswishi angakwazi ukuxhumana ngokuzenzakalelayo, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokucushwa kwembobo okwengeziwe. Uma ufuna ukuxhuma iswishi kwenye inethiwekhi, ufaka imodi yezilungiselelo zomhlaba wonke bese udala le nethiwekhi, isibonelo, i-VLAN20. Ngokucindezela "Faka", uzoya kuzilungiselelo zenethiwekhi edaliwe futhi ungayinikeza igama, isibonelo, Ukuphatha, bese uphuma kuzilungiselelo.
Uma manje usebenzisa umyalo omfushane we-vlan, uzobona ukuthi sinenethiwekhi entsha ye-VLAN20, engahambisani nanoma yiziphi izimbobo zokushintshwa. Ukuze unikeze imbobo ethile kule nethiwekhi, udinga ukukhetha isixhumi esibonakalayo, isibonelo, int e0/1, iya kuzilungiselelo zalesi mbobo bese ufaka ukufinyelela kwemodi yokushintsha kanye nemiyalo yokufinyelela ye-switchport ye-vlan20.
Uma sicela uhlelo ukuthi lubonise isimo sama-VLAN, sizobona ukuthi imbobo ye-Ethernet 0/1 manje isihloselwe inethiwekhi Yokuphatha, okungukuthi, ihanjiswe lapha ngokuzenzakalelayo isuka endaweni yamachweba anikezwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-VLAN1.
Khumbula ukuthi imbobo yokufinyelela ngayinye ingaba ne-Data VLAN eyodwa kuphela, ngakho ayikwazi ukusekela ama-VLAN amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Manje ake sibheke i-VLAN yoMdabu. Ngisebenzisa i-show int trunk command futhi ngibona ukuthi i-port Ethernet0/0 yabelwe isiqu.
Bengingadingi ukwenza lokhu ngamabomu ngoba iphrothokholi ye-DTP yabele ngokuzenzakalelayo lesi sixhumi esibonakalayo ukuze sigxishwe. Ichweba likumodi efiselekayo, i-encapsulation iwuhlobo lwe-n-isl, isimo sechweba siqinile, inethiwekhi i-VLAN1 yoMdabu.
Okulandelayo kubonisa ububanzi bezinombolo ze-VLAN 1-4094 ezivunyelwe ukunqunywa futhi kukhombisa ukuthi sinamanethiwekhi e-VLAN1 kanye ne-VLAN20 asebenzayo. Manje ngizongena kumodi yokumisa yomhlaba wonke bese ngithayipha umyalo int e0/0, ngenxa yalokho ngizoya kuzilungiselelo zalesi sikhombimsebenzisi. Ngizama ukuhlela lesi sikhumulo mathupha ukuthi sisebenze kumodi yesiqu ngomyalo wesiqu semodi ye-switchport, kodwa isistimu ayiwamukeli umyalo, iphendula ngokuthi: “Isixhumi esibonakalayo esinemodi ye-automatic trunk encapsulation ayikwazi ukushintshelwa kumodi ye-trunk.”
Ngakho-ke, kufanele ngiqale ngilungise uhlobo lwe-trunk encapsulation, lapho ngisebenzisa umyalo we-switchport trunk encapsulation. Uhlelo lunikeze ukwaziswa ngemingcele okungenzeka yalo myalo:
i-dot1q - ngesikhathi sokugubha, ichweba lisebenzisa i-802.1q trunk encapsulation;
isl—ngesikhathi sokudubula, ichweba lisebenzisa i-trunking encapsulation kuphela yephrothokholi yobunikazi ye-Cisco ISL;
xoxisana - idivayisi ihlanganisa i-trunking nanoma iyiphi idivayisi exhunywe kule port.
Uhlobo olufanayo lwe-encapsulation kufanele lukhethwe ekugcineni kwe-trunk. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukushintshwa kwebhokisi kusekela kuphela uhlobo lwe-dot1q, njengoba cishe wonke amadivaysi enethiwekhi asekela leli zinga. Ngizohlela i-interface yethu ukuthi ihlanganise i-trunking ngokwaleli zinga ngisebenzisa umyalo we-switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q, bese ngisebenzisa umyalo wesiqu semodi ye-switchport enqatshiwe ngaphambilini. Manje ichweba lethu lihlelelwe imodi ye-trunk.
Uma isiqu sakhiwe amaswishi amabili e-Cisco, umthetho olandelwayo we-ISL wobunikazi uzosetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma iswishi eyodwa isekela i-dot1q ne-ISL, futhi eyesibili kuphela i-dot1q, isiqu sizoshintshelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kumodi ye-encapsulation ye-dot1q. Uma sibheka imingcele ye-trunking futhi, singabona ukuthi imodi ye-trunking encapsulation ye-interface ye-Et0/0 manje isishintshile kusukela ku-n-isl kuya ku-802.1q.
Uma sifaka umyalo we- int e0/0 switchport, sizobona wonke amapharamitha wesimo sale port.
Uyabona ukuthi ngokuzenzakalelayo i-VLAN1 “inethiwekhi yomdabu” ye-Native VLAN yokuqopha, futhi imodi yokumaka yethrafikhi ye-Native VLAN ingenzeka. Okulandelayo, ngisebenzisa umyalo we-int e0/0, hamba kuzilungiselelo zalesi sikhombimsebenzisi bese uthayipha i-switchport trunk, ngemva kwalokho uhlelo lunikeza izinkomba mayelana nemingcele engaba khona yalo myalo.
Okuvunyelwe kusho ukuthi uma imbobo ikumodi ye-trunk, izici ezivunyelwe ze-VLAN zizosethwa. I-encapsulation inika amandla i-trunking encapsulation uma imbobo ikumodi ye-trunk. Ngisebenzisa ipharamitha yomdabu, okusho ukuthi kumodi ye-trunk imbobo izoba nezici zomdabu, bese ngifaka umyalo we-switchport trunk native VLAN20. Ngakho-ke, kumodi ye-trunk, i-VLAN20 izoba i-VLAN yoMdabu yaleli chweba lokushintshwa kokuqala kwe-SW1.
Sinenye inkinobho, i-SW2, yembobo enkulu lapho i-VLAN1 isetshenziswa njenge-Native VLAN. Manje usuyabona ukuthi iphrothokholi ye-CDP ibonisa umlayezo wokuthi ukungafani kwe-VLAN yoMdabu kutholiwe kuzo zombili iziphetho zesiqu: imbobo ye-trunk yeswishi yokuqala ye-Ethernet0/0 isebenzisa i-Native VLAN20, futhi imbobo ye-trunk yeswishi yesibili isebenzisa i-Native VLAN1. . Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Native VLAN ne-Default VLAN.
Ake siqale ukubheka uhla olujwayelekile nolunwetshiwe lwama-VLAN.
Isikhathi eside, i-Cisco isekela kuphela inombolo yenombolo ye-VLAN 1 kuya ku-1005, nobubanzi obusuka ku-1002 kuya ku-1005 bugcinwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Token Ring kanye nama-VLAN e-FDDI. Lawa manethiwekhi ayebizwa ngokuthi ama-VLAN avamile. Uma ukhumbula, i-VLAN ID iyithegi ye-12-bit ekuvumela ukuthi usethe inombolo ifike ku-4096, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zokuhambisana i-Cisco isebenzise izinombolo ezifika ku-1005 kuphela.
Ububanzi obunwetshiwe be-VLAN buhlanganisa izinombolo ezisuka ku-1006 kuye ku-4095. Ingasetshenziswa kumadivayisi amadala kuphela uma isekela i-VTP v3. Uma usebenzisa i-VTP v3 kanye nobubanzi obunwetshiwe be-VLAN, kufanele ukhubaze ukusekela kwe-VTP v1 ne-v2, ngoba izinguqulo zokuqala nezesibili azikwazi ukusebenza nama-VLAN uma zinenombolo enkulu kuno-1005.
Ngakho-ke uma usebenzisa i-Extended VLAN kumaswishi amadala, i-VTP kufanele ibe sesimweni “sokucisha” futhi udinga ukuyilungiselela mathupha ku-VLAN, ngaphandle kwalokho i-VLAN database update ngeke ikwazi ukwenzeka. Uma uzosebenzisa i-Extended VLAN nge-VTP, udinga inguqulo yesithathu ye-VTP.
Ake sibheke isimo se-VTP sisebenzisa umyalo wesimo se-vtp. Uyabona ukuthi iswishi isebenza ngemodi ye-VTP v2, ngokusekelwa okungenzeka kwezinguqulo 1 no-3. Ngiyinike igama lesizinda elithi nwking.org.
Imodi yokulawula ye-VTP - iseva ibalulekile lapha. Ungabona ukuthi inani eliphezulu lama-VLAN asekelwayo ngu-1005. Ngakho, ungaqonda ukuthi le swishi ngokuzenzakalelayo isekela kuphela ububanzi obujwayelekile be-VLAN.
Manje ngizobhala i-show vlan emfushane futhi uzobona Ukuphathwa kwe-VLAN20, okukhulunywe ngakho lapha ngoba kuyingxenye ye-VLAN database.
Uma manje ngicela ukukhombisa ukucushwa kwedivayisi yamanje ngomyalo wokugijima kombukiso, ngeke sibone noma yikuphi ukukhulunywa ngama-VLAN ngoba aqukethwe kuphela kusizindalwazi se-VLAN.
Okulandelayo, ngisebenzisa umyalo wemodi ye-vtp ukuze ngilungiselele imodi yokusebenza ye-VTP. Ukushintsha amamodeli amadala kwakunemingcele emithathu kuphela yalo myalo: iklayenti, elishintsha ukushintshela kumodi yeklayenti, iseva, evula imodi yeseva, kanye nokubonisa ngale, okushintsha ukushintshela kumodi "esobala". Njengoba kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhubaza ngokuphelele i-VTP kumaswishi amadala, kule modi ukushintsha, kuyilapho kusasele ingxenye yesizinda se-VTP, kumane kuyeka ukwamukela izibuyekezo zedathabhesi ye-VLAN ezifika emachwebeni ayo ngephrothokholi ye-VTP.
Amaswishi amasha manje anepharamitha evaliwe, ekuvumela ukuthi ukhubaze ngokuphelele imodi ye-VTP. Ake sishintshe idivayisi ibe yimodi ebonisa ngale sisebenzisa umyalo osobala wemodi ye-vtp futhi sibheke futhi ukucushwa kwamanje. Njengoba ubona, okufakiwe mayelana ne-VLAN20 manje sekungeziwe kuyo. Ngakho, uma sengeza i-VLAN ethile inombolo yayo iku-VLAN ejwayelekile enezinombolo ezisuka ku-1 kuye ku-1005, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo i-VTP ikumodi esobala noma evaliwe, khona-ke ngokuvumelana nezinqubomgomo zangaphakathi ze-VLAN le nethiwekhi izokwengezwa kweyamanje. ukumisa futhi ungene kusizindalwazi se-VLAN.
Ake sizame ukwengeza i-VLAN 3000, futhi uzobona ukuthi kwimodi esobala ibonakala futhi ekucushweni kwamanje. Ngokuvamile, uma sifuna ukwengeza inethiwekhi kusuka kububanzi obunwetshiwe be-VLAN, sizosebenzisa umyalo we-vtp version 3. Njengoba ubona, kokubili i-VLAN20 ne-VLAN3000 kuboniswa ekucushweni kwamanje.
Uma uphuma kumodi ebonisa ngale futhi uvula imodi yeseva usebenzisa umyalo weseva yemodi ye-vtp, bese ubheka ukucushwa kwamanje futhi, ungabona ukuthi okufakiwe kwe-VLAN kunyamalale ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yonke imininingwane ye-VLAN igcinwa kuphela kusizindalwazi se-VLAN futhi ingabukwa kuphela kumodi esobala ye-VTP. Njengoba nginike amandla imodi ye-VTP v3, ngemva kokusebenzisa umyalo wesimo se-vtp, ungabona ukuthi inani eliphezulu lama-VLAN asekelwe linyuke laya ku-4096.
Ngakho, i-VTP v1 ne-VTP v2 egciniwe isekela kuphela ama-VLAN avamile anenombolo 1 kuya ku-1005, kuyilapho isizindalwazi se-VTP v3 sihlanganisa okufakiwe kwama-VLAN anwetshiwe anombolo 1 kuya ku-4096. Uma usebenzisa i-VTP transparent noma i-VTP off mode, ulwazi o VLAN luzongezwa. ekucushweni kwamanje. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa ububanzi obunwetshiwe be-VLAN, idivayisi kufanele ibe kumodi ye-VTP v3. Lona umehluko phakathi kwama-VLAN avamile nanwetshiwe.
Manje sizoqhathanisa ama-VLAN wedatha nama-VLAN wezwi. Uma ukhumbula, ngithe ichweba ngalinye lingaba ngeye-VLAN eyodwa ngesikhathi.
Nokho, ezimweni eziningi sidinga ukumisa imbobo ukuze isebenze nefoni ye-IP. Amafoni esimanje e-Cisco IP aneswishi yawo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuvele uxhume ifoni ngentambo endaweni ephuma odongeni, kanye nentambo yokunamathisela kukhompyutha yakho. Inkinga yayiwukuthi ijekhi yodonga imbobo yocingo exhunywe kuyo kwakudingeka ibe nama-VLAN amabili ahlukene. Sesixoxile kakade ezifundweni zevidiyo 11 kanye nezinsuku ze-12 ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze uvimbele izihibe zethrafikhi, indlela yokusebenzisa umqondo we-VLAN "yomdabu" edlula ithrafikhi engafakiwe, kodwa konke lokhu kwakuyizindlela zokusebenza. Isixazululo sokugcina senkinga kwakuwumqondo wokuhlukanisa ama-VLAN abe amanethiwekhi omthamo wedatha kanye namanethiwekhi wethrafikhi yezwi.
Kulokhu, uhlanganisa yonke imigqa yocingo ibe i-VLAN yezwi. Isibalo sibonisa ukuthi i-PC1 ne-PC2 ingaba ku-VLAN20 ebomvu, futhi i-PC3 ingaba ku-VLAN30 eluhlaza, kodwa wonke amafoni abo e-IP ahlobene azoba sezwini eliphuzi elifanayo elithi VLAN50.
Eqinisweni, imbobo ngayinye yeswishi ye-SW1 izoba nama-VLAN angu-2 ngesikhathi esisodwa - wedatha nezwi.
Njengoba ngishilo, i-VLAN yokufinyelela ihlala ine-VLAN eyodwa, awukwazi ukuba nama-VLAN amabili echwebeni elifanayo. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-switchport ukufinyelela i-vlan 10, i-switchport yokufinyelela i-vlan 20 kanye ne-switchport yokufinyelela imiyalo ye-vlan 50 kusixhumanisi esibonakalayo esisodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa ungasebenzisa imiyalo emibili yesixhumi esibonakalayo esifanayo: i-switchport yokufinyelela i-vlan 10 umyalo kanye ne-switchport voice vlan 50 umyalo Ngakho-ke, njengoba ifoni ye-IP iqukethe iswishi ngaphakathi kwayo, ingahlanganisa futhi ithumele ithrafikhi yezwi ye-VLAN50 futhi ngasikhathi sinye yamukele futhi ithumele ithrafikhi yedatha ye-VLAN20 ukushintsha i-SW1 kumodi yokufinyelela yokushintsha. Ake sibone ukuthi le modi imiswa kanjani.
Okokuqala sizokwakha inethiwekhi ye-VLAN50, bese siya kuzilungiselelo zesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Ethernet 0/1 futhi siyihlele ukuze sifinyelele imodi yokushintsha. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngifaka ngokulandelana i-switchport ukufinyelela i-vlan 10 kanye ne-switchport voice vlan 50 imiyalo.
Ngikhohlwe ukumisa imodi ye-VLAN efanayo ye-trunk, ngakho-ke ngizoya kuzilungiselelo ze-Ethernet port 0/0 bese ngifaka umyalo switchport trunk native vlan 1. Manje ngizocela ukukhombisa imingcele ye-VLAN, futhi ungabona ukuthi manje ku-Ethernet port 0/1 sinawo womabili amanethiwekhi - i-VLAN 50 ne-VLAN20.
Ngakho-ke, uma ubona ukuthi kukhona ama-VLAN amabili echwebeni elifanayo, kusho ukuthi enye yazo iyi-Voice VLAN. Lokhu akukwazi ukuba yisiqu ngoba uma ubheka imingcele ye-trunk usebenzisa umyalo we-show int trunk, ungabona ukuthi imbobo ye-trunk iqukethe wonke ama-VLAN, kuhlanganise ne-VLAN1 ezenzakalelayo.
Ungasho ukuthi ngobuchwepheshe, uma udala inethiwekhi yedatha kanye nenethiwekhi yezwi, ngayinye yalezi zimbobo ziziphatha njenge-semi-trunk: kunethiwekhi eyodwa isebenza njenge-trunk, kwenye njengechweba lokufinyelela.
Uma uthayipha umyalo bonisa int e0/1 switchport, ungabona ukuthi ezinye izici zihambisana nezindlela ezimbili zokusebenza: sinokufinyelela okumile kanye ne-trunking encapsulation. Kulesi simo, imodi yokufinyelela ihambisana nenethiwekhi yedatha ye-VLAN 20 Management futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inethiwekhi yezwi i-VLAN 50 ikhona.
Ungabheka ukucushwa kwamanje, okuzophinde kubonise ukuthi ukufinyelela i-vlan 20 kanye ne-voice vlan 50 kukhona kule port.
Lona umehluko phakathi kwe-Data VLAN kanye ne-Voice VLAN. Ngethemba ukuthi ukuzwisisile konke engikushilo, uma kungenjalo, vele ubuke lesi sifundo sevidiyo futhi.
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Source: www.habr.com