Namuhla sizobheka i-dynamic trunking protocol DTP kanye ne-VTP - VLAN trunking protocol. Njengoba ngishilo esifundweni esidlule, sizolandela izihloko zokuhlolwa kwe-ICND2 ngokulandelana kwazo kuwebhusayithi yeCisco.
Ngesikhathi sokugcina sibheke iphuzu 1.1, futhi namuhla sizobheka ku-1.2 - ukusetha, ukuhlola nokuxazulula izinkinga zokuxhumanisa amaswishi enethiwekhi: ukungeza nokukhipha ama-VLAN esiqwini kanye ne-DTP kanye ne-VTP izinguqulo 1 no-2.
Zonke izimbobo zokushintshela ngaphandle kwebhokisi zilungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze zisebenzise imodi ye-Dynamic Auto yephrothokholi ye-DTP. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma izimbobo ezimbili zokushintsha okuhlukile zixhunyiwe, i-trunk ivulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo phakathi kwazo uma elinye lamachweba liku-trunk noma kumodi efiselekayo. Uma izimbobo zawo womabili amaswishi zikumodi ye-Dynamic Auto, i-trunk ayakhiwe.
Ngakho-ke, konke kuncike ekusetheni izindlela zokusebenza zokushintsha ngakunye kwezingu-2. Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda, ngenze ithebula lezinhlanganisela ezingenzeka zezindlela ze-DTP zokushintshwa okubili. Uyabona ukuthi uma womabili amaswishi esebenzisa i-Dynamic Auto, ngeke akhe isiqu, kodwa azohlala kumodi yokufinyelela. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuthi i-trunk idalwe phakathi kwamaswishi amabili, kufanele uhlele okungenani okukodwa kokushintshayo kumodi ye-Trunk, noma uhlele imbobo ye-trunk ukuze usebenzise imodi ye-Dynamic Desirable. Njengoba kubonakala etafuleni, imbobo yokushintsha ngayinye ingaba kwenye yezindlela ezi-4: Ukufinyelela, i-Dynamic Auto, i-Dynamic Desirable noma i-Trunk.
Uma zombili izimbobo zilungiselelwe Ukufinyelela, amaswishi axhunyiwe azosebenzisa Imodi yokufinyelela. Uma imbobo eyodwa ilungiselelwe i-Dynamic Auto kanti enye i-Finyelela, zombili zizosebenza kumodi yokufinyelela. Uma imbobo eyodwa isebenza kumodi yokufinyelela kanti enye ikumodi ye-Trunk, ngeke kwenzeke ukuxhuma amaswishi, ngakho le nhlanganisela yamamodi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze i-trunking isebenze, kuyadingeka ukuthi elinye lamachweba wokushintsha lihlelelwe i-Trunk, kanti elinye libe yi-Trunk, i-Dynamic Auto noma i-Dynamic Desirable. I-trunk nayo iyakhiwa uma zombili izimbobo zilungiselelwe ukuthi zibe Dynamic Desirable.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Dynamic Desirable kanye ne-Dynamic Auto ukuthi kwimodi yokuqala, imbobo ngokwayo ivula umboko, ithumele amafreyimu e-DTP embotsheni yeswishi yesibili. Kumodi yesibili, imbobo yokushintsha ilinda kuze kube yilapho othile eqala ukuxhumana nayo, futhi uma izimbobo zawo womabili amaswishi zilungiselelwe ukuthi zibe yi-Dynamic Auto, i-trunk ayikaze yakheke phakathi kwakho. Esimeni se-Dynamic Desirable, isimo siphambene - uma zombili izimbobo zihlelelwe le modi, kuzokwakhiwa i-trunk phakathi kwazo.
Ngikweluleka ukuthi ukhumbule leli thebula, njengoba lizokusiza ukuthi ulungiselele kahle ukushintshwa okuxhunywe komunye nomunye. Ake sibheke lesi sici kuhlelo lwe-Packet Tracer. Ngixhume amaswishi angu-3 ndawonye ochungechungeni futhi manje ngizobonisa ikhonsoli ye-CLI windows ngayinye yalezi zisetshenziswa esikrinini.
Uma ngifaka i-show int trunk command, ngeke sibone noma yisiphi isiqu, okungokwemvelo ngokuphelele lapho kungekho izilungiselelo ezidingekayo, ngoba wonke amaswishi alungiselelwe imodi ye-Dynamic Auto. Uma ngicela ukukhombisa amapharamitha wesixhumi esibonakalayo se-f0/1 weswishi emaphakathi, uzobona ukuthi kumodi yezilungiselelo zokuphatha ipharamitha ye-auto eguquguqukayo ifakwe ohlwini.
Ukushintsha kwesithathu nesokuqala kunezilungiselelo ezifanayo - futhi zinembobo f0/1 kumodi ezenzakalelayo eguqukayo. Uma ukhumbula ithebula, ngokucindezela zonke izimbobo kufanele zibe kumodi ye-trunk noma esinye sezimbobo kufanele sibe kumodi Efiselekayo Enamandla.
Ake singene kuzilungiselelo zokushintsha kokuqala SW0 futhi silungiselele imbobo f0/1. Ngemva kokufaka umyalo wemodi ye-switchport, isistimu izokwazisa ngemingcele yemodi engenzeka: ukufinyelela, okuguquguqukayo noma i-trunk. Ngisebenzisa umyalo ofiselekayo wemodi ye-switchport, futhi ungabona ukuthi imbobo ye-trunk f0/1 yeswishi yesibili, ngemva kokufaka lo myalo, yaqala yaya esimweni esiphansi, ngemva kwalokho, ngemva kokuthola ifreyimu ye-DTP yeswishi yokuqala, yahamba. esimweni esiphezulu.
Uma manje sifaka umyalo we-show int trunk kukhonsoli ye-CLI yokushintsha i-SW1, sizobona ukuthi imbobo f0/1 isesimweni sokuqina. Ngifaka umyalo ofanayo kukhonsoli yokushintsha i-SW1 futhi ngibona ulwazi olufanayo, okungukuthi, manje i-trunk ifakiwe phakathi kokushintsha SW0 kanye ne-SW1. Kulokhu, imbobo yokushintsha kokuqala ikumodi efiselekayo, futhi ichweba lesibili likumodi ezenzakalelayo.
Alukho uxhumano phakathi kokushintsha kwesibili nokwesithathu, ngakho ngiya kuzilungiselelo zeswishi yesithathu bese ngifaka imodi yokushintshwa komyalo efiselekayo. Uyabona ukuthi kuswishi yesibili kwenzeka izinguquko ezifanayo zesimo sokuya phezulu, kuphela manje ezithinta imbobo u-f0/2, lapho kuxhunywe khona inkinobho engu-3. Manje ukushintshwa kwesibili sekuneziqu ezimbili: eyodwa iku-interface f0/1, eyesibili iku-f0/2. Lokhu kungabonakala uma usebenzisa i-show int trunk command.
Zombili izimbobo zokushintshwa kwesibili zisesimweni esizenzakalelayo, okungukuthi, ngokushintshanisa izinkinobho ezingomakhelwane, izimbobo zabo kufanele zibe kumodi ye-trunk noma efiselekayo, ngoba kulokhu kunezindlela ezi-2 kuphela zokusungula i-trunk. Usebenzisa ithebula, ungahlala ulungisa izimbobo zokushintsha ngendlela yokuthi uhlele i-trunk phakathi kwazo. Lona umnyombo wokusebenzisa i-DTP yephrothokholi ye-trunking eguqukayo.
Ake siqale ukubuka i-VLAN trunking protocol, noma i-VTP. Le phrothokholi iqinisekisa ukuvumelanisa kolwazi lwe-VLAN yamadivayisi enethiwekhi ahlukene, okwenza ukudluliselwa kwesizindalwazi se-VLAN esibuyekeziwe kusuka kudivayisi eyodwa kuya kwenye. Masibuyele kumjikelezo wethu wamaswishi ama-3. I-VTP ingasebenza ngezindlela ezi-3: iseva, iklayenti nokungafihli lutho. I-VTP v3 inenye imodi ebizwa ngokuthi Off, kodwa ukuhlolwa kweCisco kuhlanganisa kuphela izinguqulo ze-VTP XNUMX no-XNUMX.
Imodi yeseva isetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-VLAN amasha, ukususa noma ukushintsha amanethiwekhi ngomugqa womyalo wokushintsha. Kumodi yeklayenti, akukho msebenzi ongenziwa kuma-VLAN; kule modi, kuphela i-database ye-VLAN ebuyekezwa kusukela kuseva. Imodi esobala yenza sengathi iphrothokholi ye-VTP ikhutshaziwe, okungukuthi, ukushintsha akukhiphi imilayezo yayo ye-VTP, kodwa idlulisa izibuyekezo ezivela kwamanye ama-switch - uma isibuyekezo sifika kwelinye lamachweba wokushintsha, idlula yona ngokwayo bese ithumela. iqhubekela phambili ngenethiwekhi ngesinye imbobo. Kumodi esobala, inkinobho imane isebenze njengesidlulisi semiyalezo yabanye abantu ngaphandle kokubuyekeza eyakho isizindalwazi se-VLAN.
Kulesi silayidi ubona imiyalo yokucushwa kwephrothokholi ye-VTP efakwe kumodi yokumisa yomhlaba wonke. Umyalo wokuqala ungashintsha inguqulo yephrothokholi esetshenzisiwe. Umyalo wesibili ukhetha imodi yokusebenza ye-VTP.
Uma ufuna ukwakha isizinda se-VTP, sebenzisa umyalo wesizinda se-vtp <igama lesizinda>, futhi ukuze usethe iphasiwedi ye-VTP oyidingayo ukufaka iphasiwedi ye-vtp <PASSWORD> umyalo. Ake siye kukhonsoli ye-CLI yeswishi yokuqala futhi sibheke isimo se-VTP ngokufaka umyalo wesimo se-show vtp.
Ubona inguqulo ye-VTP protocol ingeyesibili, inani eliphezulu lama-VLAN asekelwe ngu-255, inani lama-VLAN akhona ngu-5, futhi imodi yokusebenza ye-VLAN iyiseva. Lezi zonke izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo. Sesivele sixoxile nge-VTP esifundweni sosuku lwama-30, ngakho-ke uma ukhohlwe okuthile, ungabuyela emuva ubukele le vidiyo futhi.
Ukubona i-database ye-VLAN, ngikhipha umyalo omfushane we-vlan. I-VLAN1 ne-VLAN1002-1005 ikhonjisiwe lapha. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, zonke izixhumanisi zamahhala zokushintsha zixhunywe kunethiwekhi yokuqala - amachweba we-23 Fast Ethernet namachweba we-2 Gigabit Ethernet, ama-VLAN angu-4 asele awasekelwe. Izingosi zolwazi ze-VLAN zamanye amaswishi amabili zibukeka zifana ncamashi, ngaphandle kokuthi i-SW1 ayinawo angu-23, kodwa amachweba angu-22 e-Fast Ethernet amahhala kuma-VLAN, njengoba u-f0/1 no-f0/2 ahlala iziqu. Ake ngikukhumbuze futhi ngalokho okwaxoxwa ngakho esifundweni "Usuku lwama-30" - umthetho olandelwayo we-VTP usekela kuphela ukubuyekezwa kolwazi lwe-VLAN.
Uma ngimisa izimbobo eziningi ukuze ngisebenzise ama-VLAN anokufinyelela kwe-switchport kanye nemodi yokufinyelela imiyalo ye-VLAN10, i-VLAN20, noma i-VLAN30, ukulungiselelwa kwalezo zimbobo ngeke kuphindwe yi-VTP ngoba i-VTP ibuyekeza kuphela isizindalwazi se-VLAN.
Ngakho-ke, uma enye yezimbobo ze-SW1 ilungiselelwe ukusebenza ne-VLAN20, kodwa le nethiwekhi ingekho kusizindalwazi se-VLAN, imbobo izokhutshazwa. Ngokulandelayo, ukubuyekezwa kwesizindalwazi kwenzeka kuphela uma usebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-VTP.
Ngisebenzisa umyalo wesimo se-vtp, ngibona ukuthi wonke amaswishi ama-3 asekumodi yeseva. Ngizoshintsha inkinobho ephakathi nendawo ethi SW1 ibe yimodi esobala ngomyalo osobala wemodi ye-vtp, bese okwesithathu ngishintshe i-SW2 ngiyenze iklayenti ngomyalo weklayenti lemodi ye-vtp.
Manje ake sibuyele enguqulweni yokuqala engu-SW0 futhi sakhe isizinda se-nwking.org sisebenzisa isizinda se-vtp <igama lesizinda> umyalo. Uma manje ubheka isimo se-VTP sokushintsha kwesibili, okukumodi esobala, ungabona ukuthi ayizange isabele nganoma iyiphi indlela ekudalweni kwesizinda - inkambu ye-VTP Domain Name yahlala ingenalutho. Nokho, ukushintshwa kwesithathu, okukumodi yeklayenti, kubuyekeze imininingwane yayo futhi manje sekunegama lesizinda elithi VTP-nwking.org. Ngakho, ukubuyekezwa kwesizindalwazi sokushintshwa kwe-SW0 kudlule ku-SW1 futhi kwaboniswa ku-SW2.
Manje ngizozama ukushintsha igama lesizinda elishiwo, engizoya kulo kuzilungiselelo ze-SW0 bese ngithayipha umyalo wesizinda se-vtp NetworKing. Njengoba ubona, kulokhu akuzange kube khona isibuyekezo - igama lesizinda se-VTP ekushintsheni kwesithathu lahlala lifana. Iqiniso liwukuthi isibuyekezo segama lesizinda esinjalo senzeka kanye kuphela, lapho isizinda esizenzakalelayo sishintsha. Uma ngemva kwalokhu igama lesizinda se-VTP lishintsha futhi, kuzodingeka lishintshwe ngesandla kumaswishi asele.
Manje ngizodala inethiwekhi entsha ye-VLAN100 kukhonsoli ye-CLI yeswishi yokuqala futhi ngiyibize nge-IMRAN. Ivele ku-database ye-VLAN yokushintsha kokuqala, kodwa ayizange ivele kudathabhesi yeswishi yesithathu, ngoba lezi izizinda ezihlukene. Khumbula ukuthi ukuvuselela i-database ye-VLAN kwenzeka kuphela uma kokubili ukushintshwa kunesizinda esifanayo, noma, njengoba ngibonisile ekuqaleni, igama lesizinda esisha lisethwa esikhundleni segama elizenzakalelayo.
Ngingena kuzilungiselelo zokushintshwa oku-3 bese ngifaka ngokulandelana imodi ye-vtp kanye nemiyalo yesizinda se-vtp ye-NetworKing. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukufakwa kwegama kuzwela kakhulu, ngakho isipelingi segama lesizinda kufanele sifane ncamashi nakho kokubili okushintshiwe. Manje ngibuyisela i-SW2 kumodi yeklayenti ngisebenzisa umyalo weklayenti lemodi ye-vtp. Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani. Njengoba ubona, manje, uma igama lesizinda lifana, i-database ye-SW2 ibuyekeziwe futhi inethiwekhi entsha ye-VLAN100 IMRAN ivele kuyo, futhi lezi zinguquko azinawo umthelela ekushintsheni okujwayelekile, ngoba kumodi esobala.
Uma ufuna ukuzivikela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, ungakha iphasiwedi ye-VTP. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi idivaysi ngakolunye uhlangothi izoba nephasiwedi efanayo, ngoba kulokhu kuphela izokwazi ukwamukela izibuyekezo ze-VTP.
Into elandelayo esizoyibheka ukuthenwa kwe-VTP, noma βukuthenaβ kwama-VLAN angasetshenzisiwe. Uma unamadivayisi ayi-100 kunethiwekhi yakho asebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-VTP, isibuyekezo sesizindalwazi se-VLAN kudivayisi eyodwa sizophindwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kumadivayisi angama-99 asele. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke lawa madivayisi anama-VLAN ashiwo kusibuyekezo, ngakho-ke ulwazi olumayelana nawo lungase lungadingeki.
Ukuthumela izibuyekezo zesizindalwazi se-VLAN kumadivayisi asebenzisa i-VTP kusho ukuthi zonke izimbobo kuwo wonke amadivayisi zizothola ulwazi mayelana nama-VLAN angeziwe, asusiwe, nashintshiwe okungenzeka awahlanganise lutho nawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inethiwekhi ivaleka ngenxa yethrafikhi eyeqile. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, kusetshenziswa umqondo wokunquma i-VTP. Ukuze uvumele imodi βyokuthenaβ yama-VLAN angabalulekile emshinini, sebenzisa umyalo wokuthena we-vtp. Amaswishi azobe esetshelana ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi imaphi ama-VLAN awasebenzisayo ngempela, ngaleyo ndlela axwayise omakhelwane ukuthi akudingeki bathumele izibuyekezo kumanethiwekhi angaxhumekile kuwo.
Isibonelo, uma i-SW2 ingenazo izimbobo ze-VLAN10, ngakho-ke ayidingi i-SW1 ukuyithumela ithrafikhi yaleyo nethiwekhi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushintshwa kwe-SW1 kudinga ithrafikhi ye-VLAN10 ngoba enye yezimbobo zayo ixhunywe kule nethiwekhi, ayidingi ukuthumela le thrafikhi ukuze ishintshe i-SW2.
Ngakho-ke uma i-SW2 isebenzisa imodi yokuthena i-vtp, itshela i-SW1: βngicela ningangithumeli ithrafikhi ye-VLAN10 ngoba le nethiwekhi ayixhunyiwe kimi futhi awekho amachweba ami alungiselelwe ukusebenza nale nethiwekhi.β Yilokhu okwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-vtp pruning command.
Kukhona enye indlela yokuhlunga ithrafikhi yesixhumi esibonakalayo esithile. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele ichweba esiqwini nge-VLAN ethile. Ububi bale ndlela isidingo sokumisa mathupha imbobo ye-trunk ngayinye, okuzodinga ukucaciswa ukuthi yimaphi ama-VLAN avunyelwe futhi angavunyelwe. Ukwenza lokhu, kusetshenziswa ukulandelana kwemiyalo emi-3. Elokuqala libonisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esithintekayo yile mikhawulo, eyesibili iphendula lesi sixhumanisi sibe imbobo ye-trunk, kanti eyesithathu - i-switchport trunk evunyelwe i-vlan < all/none/add/remove/VLAN number> - ibonisa ukuthi iyiphi i-VLAN evunyelwe kulesi sikhungo: konke, akekho, i-VLAN ezongezwa noma i-VLAN isuswe.
Kuye ngesimo esithile, ukhetha ukuthi usebenzise ini: I-VTP pruning noma i-Trunk evunyelwe. Ezinye izinhlangano zikhetha ukungasebenzisi i-VTP ngezizathu zokuphepha, ngakho-ke zikhetha ukumisa i-trunking ngesandla. Njengoba umyalo wokuthena we-vtp ungasebenzi ku-Packet Tracer, ngizowubonisa ku-emulator ye-GNS3.
Uma ungena kuzilungiselelo ze-SW2 bese ufaka umyalo wokuthena we-vtp, uhlelo luzobika ngokushesha ukuthi le modi ivuliwe: Ukuthena kuvuliwe, okungukuthi, βukuthenaβ kwe-VLAN kuvuliwe ngomyalo owodwa nje.
Uma sithayipha umyalo wesimo se-vtp, sizobona ukuthi imodi yokuthena ye-vtp ivuliwe.
Uma usetha le modi kuseva yokushintsha, hamba uye kuzilungiselelo zayo bese ufaka umyalo wokuthena we-vtp. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amadivaysi axhunywe kuseva azosebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-vtp pruning ukuze kuncishiswe ithrafikhi yama-VLAN angabalulekile.
Uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa le modi, kufanele ungene kusixhumi esibonakalayo esithile, isibonelo u-e0/0, bese ukhipha i-switchport trunk evunyelwe umyalo we-vlan. Uhlelo luzokunikeza izeluleko mayelana nemingcele engaba khona yalo myalo:
- IZWI - Inombolo ye-VLAN ezovunyelwa kulesi sikhombimsebenzisi kumodi ye-trunk;
- engeza - I-VLAN izokwengezwa ohlwini lwedatha ye-VLAN;
- konke - vumela wonke ama-VLAN;
β ngaphandle β vumela wonke ama-VLAN ngaphandle kwalawo ashiwo;
- akukho - vimbela wonke ama-VLAN;
β khiphaβkhipha i-VLAN ohlwini lwedatha ye-VLAN.
Isibonelo, uma sine-trunk evunyelwe i-VLAN10 futhi sifuna ukuyivumela kunethiwekhi ye-VLAN20, khona-ke sidinga ukufaka i-switchport trunk evunyelwe i-vlan add 20 umyalo.
Ngifuna ukukubonisa enye into, ngakho-ke ngisebenzisa umyalo we-trunk yokubonisa. Sicela wazi ukuthi ngokuzenzakalelayo wonke ama-VLAN 1-1005 ayevunyelwe esiqwini, futhi manje i-VLAN10 yengezwe kuwo.
Uma ngisebenzisa i-switchport trunk evunyelwe i-vlan engeza umyalo we-20 bese ngibuza futhi ukukhombisa isimo se-trunk, singabona ukuthi i-trunk manje inamanethiwekhi amabili avunyelwe - i-VLAN10 ne-VLAN20.
Kulokhu, ayikho enye ithrafikhi, ngaphandle kwaleyo ehloselwe amanethiwekhi ashiwo, ezokwazi ukudlula kulo qobo. Ngokuvumela ithrafikhi ku-VLAN 10 ne-VLAN 20 kuphela, sinqabele ithrafikhi yawo wonke amanye ama-VLAN. Nansi indlela yokulungiselela mathupha izilungiselelo ze-trunking ze-VLAN ethile kusixhumi esibonakalayo esikhethekile.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kuze kube sekupheleni kosuku ngoNovemba 17, 2017, sinesaphulelo esingu-90% ezindlekweni zokulanda umsebenzi waselabhorethri kulesi sihloko kuwebhusayithi yethu.
Siyabonga ngokunaka kwakho futhi sizokubona esifundweni esilandelayo sevidiyo!
Siyabonga ngokuhlala nathi. Uyazithanda izindatshana zethu? Ufuna ukubona okuqukethwe okuthakaselayo okwengeziwe? Sisekele ngokufaka i-oda noma ngokuncoma kubangani, Isaphulelo sika-30% sabasebenzisi be-Habr ku-analogue ehlukile yamaseva eleveli yokungena, esungulwe yithi ngenxa yakho: (itholakala nge-RAID1 kanye ne-RAID10, kufika kuma-cores angu-24 kuze kufike ku-40GB DDR4).
I-Dell R730xd ishibhile izikhathi ezi-2? Lapha kuphela eNetherlands! I-Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - isuka ku-$99! Funda mayelana
Source: www.habr.com