Namuhla sizobheka izinzuzo zezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlanganisa amaswishi: Shintsha Ukupakisha, noma shintsha izitaki, kanye ne-Chassis Aggregation, noma shintsha ukuhlanganisa kwe-chassis. Lesi yisigaba 1.6 sesihloko sokuhlolwa kwe-ICND2.
Lapho uthuthukisa idizayini yenethiwekhi yenkampani, uzodinga ukuhlinzeka ngokubekwa kwe-Access Switches, lapho amakhompuyutha amaningi abasebenzisi axhumeke khona, kanye ne-Distribution Switches, lapho lezi zinguquko zokufinyelela zixhunywe khona.
Umdwebo ubonisa imodeli ye-Cisco ye-OSI Layer 3, enamaswishi okufinyelela anelebuli engu-A namaswishi okusabalalisa anelebula ukuthi D. Ungaba namakhulu amadivayisi esitezi ngasinye sebhilidi lenkampani yakho, ngakho uzodinga ukukhetha phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili zokuhlela amaswishi akho.
Ukushintsha ngakunye kwezinga lokufinyelela kunezimbobo ezingama-24, futhi uma udinga izimbobo eziyi-100, lokho kusho ukushintsha okungaba ngu-5. Ngakho-ke, kunezindlela ezi-2: khulisa inani lokushintshwa okuncane noma usebenzise inkinobho eyodwa enkulu enamakhulu amachweba. Isihloko se-CCNA asixoxi ngamamodeli wokushintshwa ngamachweba ayi-100, kepha ungathola ukushintshwa okunjalo, kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kufanele unqume ukuthi yini ekufanele kakhulu - amaswishi ambalwa amancane noma inkinobho eyodwa enkulu.
Inketho ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo. Ungakwazi ukumisa inkinobho enkulu engu-1 esikhundleni sokumisa ezimbalwa ezincane, kodwa futhi kukhona okungalungile - kukhona iphuzu elilodwa kuphela lokuxhuma kunethiwekhi. Uma ukushintsha okukhulu kangaka kwehluleka, yonke inethiwekhi izowa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma unokushintshwa kwezimbobo ezingama-24 ezinhlanu futhi eyodwa yazo iphuka, uzovuma ukuthi ithuba lokwehluleka kweswishi eyodwa likhulu kakhulu kunethuba lokwehluleka ngesikhathi esisodwa kwawo wonke amadivaysi amahlanu, ngakho-ke ukushintsha oku-4 okusele kuzokwenziwa. qhubeka nokuqinisekisa ubukhona benethiwekhi . Ububi balesi sixazululo isidingo sokuphatha amaswishi amahlanu ahlukene.
Umdwebo wethu ubonisa ukushintshwa kokufinyelela okungu-4 okuxhunywe kumaswishi amabili okusabalalisa. Ngokusho Kwesendlalelo sesi-3 semodeli ye-OSI kanye nezidingo zesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-Cisco, ngayinye yalezi zinguquko ezingu-4 kufanele zixhunywe kuzo zombili izinguquko zokusabalalisa. Uma usebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-STP, enye yezimbobo ezingu-2 zeswishi yokufinyelela ngayinye exhunywe kuswishi yokusabalalisa izovinjelwa. Ngobuchwepheshe, ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa umkhawulokudonsa ogcwele weswishi ngoba ulayini owodwa wezokuxhumana uhlala uphansi.
Ngokuvamile wonke amaswishi angu-4 atholakala esitezi esisodwa ku-rack evamile - isithombe sibonisa amaswishi afakiwe angu-8. Kunamachweba angama-192 esewonke ku-rack. Kulokhu, okokuqala, kufanele ulungiselele mathupha amakheli e-IP ngayinye yalezi zinguquko, futhi okwesibili, ulungiselele ama-VLAN yonke indawo, futhi lokhu kubuhlungu bekhanda elibucayi kumlawuli wenethiwekhi.
Kukhona into engenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula - Shintsha Isitaki. Esimweni sethu, le nto izozama ukuhlanganisa zonke izinguquko ezingu-8 zibe inkinobho eyodwa enengqondo.
Kulesi simo, enye yamaswishi izodlala indima yokushintsha Okuyinhloko, noma umpetha wesitaki. Umlawuli wenethiwekhi angaxhuma kule swishi futhi enze zonke izilungiselelo ezidingekayo, ezizosebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kuwo wonke amaswishi kusitaki. Ngemuva kwalokhu, wonke amaswishi ayi-8 azosebenza njengedivayisi eyodwa.
I-Cisco isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene ukuhlanganisa ukushintshwa kube izitaki, kulokhu le divayisi yangaphandle ibizwa ngokuthi "imojula ye-FlexStack". Kunembobo kuphaneli yangemuva yeswishi lapho le mojula ifakwe khona.
I-FlexStack inezimbobo ezimbili lapho kufakwa khona izintambo zokuxhuma: imbobo engezansi yeswishi yokuqala ku-rack ixhunywe kwimbobo ephezulu yesibili, imbobo engezansi yesibili ixhunywe kwimbobo ephezulu yesithathu, njalonjalo. kuze kube sekushintsheni kwesishiyagalombili, imbobo engezansi exhunywe kwimbobo ephezulu yeswishi yokuqala. Eqinisweni, sakha uxhumano lwendandatho yokushintsha kwesitaki esisodwa.
Kulokhu, omunye wokushintsha ukhethwa njengomholi (Master), kanti bonke abanye - njengezigqila (Inceku). Ngemuva kokusebenzisa amamojula we-FlexStack, wonke amaswishi angu-4 wesekethe yethu azoqala ukusebenza njengeswishi engu-1 enengqondo.
Uma i-Master switch A1 ihluleka, zonke ezinye izinguquko kusitaki zizoyeka ukusebenza. Kodwa uma ukushintsha kwe-A3 kuphuka, amanye amaswishi amathathu azoqhubeka nokusebenza njengeswishi engu-1 enengqondo.
Ohlelweni lokuqala sasinamadivayisi angu-6 angokwenyama, kodwa ngemva kokuhlela i-Switch Stack kwakukhona ezi-3 kuphela zazo: 2 switch ngokomzimba kanye 1 okunengqondo switch. Ngaphansi kwenketho yokuqala, kuzomele ulungise ama-switch ayi-6 ahlukene, osekuyinkinga impela, ukuze ucabange ukuthi idla isikhathi kangakanani inqubo yokumisa amakhulukhulu amaswishi. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa ukushintshwa ku-stack, sithole inkinobho eyodwa yokufinyelela enengqondo, exhunywe ekushintsheni ngakunye kokusabalalisa i-D1 ne-D2 ngemigqa emine yokuxhumana ehlanganiswe ku-EtherChannel. Njengoba sinamadivayisi angu-3, ββi-EtherChannel eyodwa izovinjelwa kusetshenziswa i-STP ukuze kunqandwe izihibe zethrafikhi.
Ngakho-ke, inzuzo yesitaki sokushintshwa yikhono lokuphatha inkinobho eyodwa enengqondo esikhundleni semishini eminingana ebonakalayo, eyenza inqubo yokusetha inethiwekhi ibe lula.
Kukhona obunye ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa amaswishi obubizwa nge-Chassis Aggregation. Umehluko phakathi kwalobu buchwepheshe ukuthi ukuze uhlele Isitaki Sokushintsha udinga imojula ekhethekile yangaphandle yezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha eshuthekwayo.
Esimweni sesibili, amadivaysi amaningana avele ahlanganiswe ku-chassis eyodwa evamile, ngenxa yalokho wenza okuthiwa i-aggregation switch chassis. Esithombeni ubona i-chassis yamaswishi ochungechunge lwe-Cisco 6500. Ihlanganisa amakhadi enethiwekhi angu-4 anezimbobo ezingama-24 ngalinye, ngakho le yunithi inezimbobo ezingama-96.
Uma kunesidingo, ungangeza amamojula amaningi esibonakalayo - amakhadi enethiwekhi, futhi wonke azolawulwa yimojula eyodwa - umphathi, "okuwubuchopho" be-chassis yonke. Le chassis inamamojula amabili omphathi uma kwenzeka enye yazo ihluleka, okudala ukuphindaphinda, kodwa futhi kwandisa ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi. Ngokuvamile, i-chassis ebiza kanjalo isetshenziswa ezingeni eliyinhloko lesistimu. Le chassis inezinto ezimbili zamandla, ngayinye engase inikwe amandla avela emthonjeni wamandla ohlukile, okwandisa nokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi uma kwenzeka ukuphela kukagesi kwesinye seziteshi zamandla.
Ake sibuyele kumdwebo wethu wasekuqaleni, lapho kukhona futhi i-EtherChannel phakathi kwe-D1 ne-D2. Imvamisa, lapho uhlela ukuxhumana okunjalo, kusetshenziswa izimbobo ze-Ethernet. Uma usebenzisa i-chassis yokushintsha, awekho amamojula angaphandle adingekayo; izimbobo ze-Ethernet zisetshenziswa ngokuqondile ukuhlanganisa amaswishi. Uvele uxhume imojula yokuqala yesixhumi esibonakalayo D1 kumojula efanayo D2, kanye nemojula yesibili D1 kumojula yesibili engu-D2, futhi yonke into isebenzisana ukuze kwakhe Ushintsho Lokwendlalela Kokusabalalisa olulodwa olunengqondo.
Uma ubheka inguqulo yokuqala yesikimu, bese uhlanganisa ukushintshwa kokufinyelela okungu-4 kanye ne-suite yokusabalalisa udinga ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Multi-chassis EtherChannel, oluhlela iziteshi ze-EtherChannel zokushintsha ukufinyelela ngakunye. Uyabona ukuthi kuleli cala kukhona uxhumano lwe-p2p - "iphuzu-kuya-iphuzu", ukususa ukubunjwa kwezihibe zethrafikhi, futhi kulokhu yonke imigqa yokuxhumana etholakalayo ihilelekile, futhi asinakho ukuncishiswa kokuphuma.
Ngokuvamile, i-Chassis Aggregation isetshenziselwa amaswishi asebenza kahle kakhulu, hhayi amaswishi okufinyelela anamandla amancane. I-Cisco architecture ivumela ukusetshenziswa kanyekanye kwazo zombili izixazululo - Chassis Aggregation and Switch Stack.
Kulokhu, iswishi eyodwa evamile yokusabalalisa okunengqondo kanye neswishi eyodwa yokufinyelela enengqondo iyakhiwa. Kuhlelo lwethu, i-8 EtherChannels izokwakhiwa, ezosebenza njengomugqa owodwa wokuxhumana, okungukuthi, njengokungathi sixhume inkinobho eyodwa yokusabalalisa ekushintsheni okukodwa kokufinyelela ngekhebula elilodwa. Kulokhu, "amachweba" womabili amadivayisi azoba sesimeni sokudlulisela phambili, futhi inethiwekhi ngokwayo izosebenza ngokusebenza okuphezulu, isebenzisa umkhawulokudonsa wazo zonke iziteshi eziyi-8.
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Source: www.habr.com