Namuhla sizoqala ukufunda iphrothokholi ye-EIGRP, okuthi, kanye nokufunda i-OSPF, isihloko esibaluleke kakhulu sesifundo se-CCNA.
Sizobuyela eSigabeni 2.5 kamuva, kodwa okwamanje, ngemva kweSigaba 2.4, sizodlulela kuSigaba 2.6, “Ukulungiselela, Ukuqinisekisa, kanye Nokuxazulula Izinkinga nge-EIGRP nge-IPv4 (Ngaphandle Kokuqinisekisa, Ukuhlunga, Ukufingqa Ngokuzenzela, Ukusabalalisa Kabusha, kanye ne-Stub Ukucushwa)."
Namuhla sizoba nesifundo esiyisingeniso lapho ngizonethulela khona umqondo we-EIGRP Ethuthukisiwe Yokuhamba Kwesango Langaphakathi, futhi ezifundweni ezimbili ezilandelayo sizobheka ukumisa nokuxazulula izinkinga zamarobhothi ephrothokholi. Kodwa okokuqala ngifuna ukukutshela okulandelayo.
Ezifundweni ezimbalwa ezedlule besifunda nge-OSPF. Manje ngifuna ukhumbule ukuthi lapho sibheka i-RIP ezinyangeni eziningi ezedlule, sakhuluma ngamalophu omzila kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvimbela ithrafikhi ukuthi ingangeni. Ungakugwema kanjani ukuhambisa izihibe lapho usebenzisa i-OSPF? Kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifana ne-Route Poison noma i-Split Horizon kulokhu? Lena imibuzo okufanele uziphendulele yona. Ungasebenzisa ezinye izinsiza zetimu, kodwa thola izimpendulo zale mibuzo. Ngifuna ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungathola kanjani izimpendulo ngokwakho ngokusebenzisa imithombo ehlukene, futhi ngikhuthaza ukuthi ushiye amazwana akho ngezansi kwale vidiyo ukuze ngibone ukuthi bangaki abafundi bami abaqedile lo msebenzi.
Iyini i-EIGRP? Kuyiphrothokholi yomzila oyingxubevange ehlanganisa izici eziwusizo zazo zombili iphrothokholi yevekhtha yebanga njenge-RIP kanye nephrothokholi ye-link-state efana ne-OSPF.
I-EIGRP iyiphrothokholi yobunikazi beCisco eyenziwe yatholakala emphakathini ngo-2013. Kusukela ku-protocol yokulandelela i-link-state, wamukela i-algorithm yokusungulwa komakhelwane, ngokungafani ne-RIP, engadali omakhelwane. I-RIP iphinde ishintshisane ngamatafula omzila nabanye ababambiqhaza kuphrothokholi, kodwa i-OSPF yakha indawo eseduze ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu kushintshana. I-EIGRP isebenza ngendlela efanayo.
Iphrothokholi ye-RIP ngezikhathi ezithile ibuyekeza ithebula lomzila eligcwele njalo ngamasekhondi angu-30 futhi isabalalisa ulwazi mayelana nakho konke ukuxhumana nayo yonke imizila kubo bonke omakhelwane bayo. I-EIGRP ayikwenzi ukubuyekezwa okugcwele kolwazi ngezikhathi ezithile, kunalokho isebenzisa umqondo wokusakaza imilayezo ethi Sawubona ngendlela efanayo ne-OSPF eyenza ngayo. Njalo ngemizuzwana embalwa ithumela i-Hello ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umakhelwane "usaphila".
Ngokungafani nephrothokholi yevekhtha yebanga, ehlola yonke i-topology yenethiwekhi ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokwenza umzila, i-EIGRP, njenge-RIP, idala imizila esekelwe emahlebezini. Uma ngithi amahemuhemu, ngiqonde ukuthi uma umakhelwane ebika okuthile, i-EIGRP ivumelana nayo ngaphandle kokubuza. Isibonelo, uma umakhelwane ethi uyakwazi ukufinyelela ku-10.1.1.2, i-EIGRP iyamkholelwa ngaphandle kokubuza, “Ukwazi kanjani lokho? Ngitshele nge-topology yayo yonke inethiwekhi!
Ngaphambi kuka-2013, uma ubusebenzisa ingqalasizinda yakwaCisco kuphela, ungasebenzisa i-EIGRP, njengoba le nqubo yomthetho yasungulwa ngo-1994. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani eziningi, ngisho zisebenzisa imishini yeCisco, azizange zifune ukusebenza nalesi sikhala. Ngokubona kwami, i-EIGRP iyiphrothokholi yomzila ehamba phambili eguquguqukayo namuhla ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa abantu basathanda i-OSPF. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abafuni ukuboshelwa emikhiqizweni yakwaCisco. Kodwa i-Cisco yenza le nqubo itholakale esidlangalaleni ngoba isekela imishini yenethiwekhi yezinkampani zangaphandle njengeJuniper, futhi uma uhlangana nenkampani engasebenzisi imishini ye-Cisco, ngeke ube nezinkinga.
Ake sithathe uhambo olufushane emlandweni wamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi.
Iphrothokholi ye-RIPv1, eyavela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, yayinenani lemikhawulo, isibonelo, inani eliphakeme lama-hops angu-16, ngakho-ke ayikwazanga ukunikeza umzila phezu kwamanethiwekhi amakhulu. Ngemva kwesikhashana, bakha iphrothokholi yomzila wesango langaphakathi IGRP, eyayingcono kakhulu kune-RIP. Kodwa-ke, bekuyiphrothokholi yevekhtha yebanga kunephrothokholi yesimo sokuxhumanisa. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80, kwavela indinganiso evulekile, i-OSPFv2 link state protocol ye-IPv4.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-90, i-Cisco yanquma ukuthi i-IGRP idinga ukuthuthukiswa futhi ikhiphe Iphrothokholi Ethuthukisiwe Yokuhamba Ngesango Engaphakathi EIGRP. Yayisebenza kakhulu kune-OSPF ngoba yayihlanganisa izici zombili ze-RIP ne-OSPF. Njengoba siqala ukuyihlola, uzobona ukuthi i-EIGRP kulula kakhulu ukuyilungisa kune-OSPF. I-Cisco izamile ukwenza iphrothokholi ezoqinisekisa ukuhlangana kwenethiwekhi okushesha kakhulu.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s, inguqulo ebuyekeziwe engenakilasi yephrothokholi ye-RIPv2 yakhululwa. Ngawo-2000, kwavela inguqulo yesithathu ye-OSPF, i-RIPng ne-EIGRPv6, esekela i-IPv6 protocol. Umhlaba kancane kancane usondela ekushintsheni okuphelele ku-IPv6, futhi abathuthukisi bephrothokholi yomzila bafuna ukulungela lokhu.
Uma ukhumbula, sifunde ukuthi lapho sikhetha umzila olungile, i-RIP, njengephrothokholi ye-vector yebanga, iqondiswa umbandela owodwa kuphela - inani elincane lama-hops, noma ibanga elincane lokuya esibonakalayo lapho uya khona. Ngakho-ke, i-router R1 izokhetha umzila oqondile ku-router R3, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isivinini kulo mzila singama-64 kbit/s - izikhathi ezimbalwa ngaphansi kwejubane kumzila u-R1-R2-R3, olingana no-1544 kbit/s. Iphrothokholi ye-RIP izocabangela umzila onensayo wobude be-hop eyodwa njengofaneleka kunomzila osheshayo wama-hop angu-2.
I-OSPF izofunda yonke i-topology yenethiwekhi bese inquma ukusebenzisa umzila odlula ku-R3 njengomzila osheshayo wokuxhumana nomzila u-R2. I-RIP isebenzisa inombolo yama-hops njengemethrikhi yayo, kuyilapho imethrikhi ye-OSPF iyizindleko, ezimweni eziningi ilingana nomkhawulokudonsa wesixhumanisi.
I-EIGRP iphinde igxile ezindlekweni zomzila, kodwa imethrikhi yayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-OSPF futhi incike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa Umkhawulokudonsa, Ukubambezeleka, Ukuthembeka, Ukulayisha, kanye ne-MTU ephezulu. Isibonelo, uma inodi eyodwa ilayishwe kakhulu kunezinye, i-EIGRP izohlaziya umthwalo kuwo wonke umzila bese ikhetha enye indawo enomthwalo omncane.
Esifundweni se-CCNA sizocabangela kuphela izici zokwakheka kwemethrikhi njenge-Bandwidth kanye nokubambezeleka; lezi yizo ezizosetshenziswa ifomula yemethrikhi.
Iphrothokholi yevekhtha yebanga i-RIP isebenzisa imiqondo emibili: ibanga nesiqondiso. Uma sinama-router angu-3, futhi enye yawo ixhunywe kunethiwekhi ye-20.0.0.0, khona-ke ukukhetha kuzokwenziwa ibanga - lawa ama-hops, kulokhu 1 hop, futhi ngesiqondiso, okungukuthi, ngayiphi indlela - phezulu. noma ngaphansi - ukuthumela ithrafikhi .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-RIP isebenzisa ukubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile kolwazi, isabalalisa ithebula lomzila eliphelele kuyo yonke inethiwekhi njalo ngemizuzwana engama-30. Lesi sibuyekezo senza izinto ezi-2. Esokuqala isibuyekezo sangempela setafula lomzila, okwesibili ukuhlola ukusebenza komakhelwane. Uma idivayisi ingasitholi isibuyekezo setafula lempendulo noma ulwazi olusha lomzila oluvela kumakhelwane phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-30, iyaqonda ukuthi umzila oya kumakhelwane ngeke usakwazi ukusetshenziswa. I-router ithumela isibuyekezo njalo ngemizuzwana engama-30 ukuthola ukuthi umakhelwane usaphila yini nokuthi umzila usasebenza yini.
Njengoba ngishilo, ubuchwepheshe be-Split Horizon busetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izihibe zomzila. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isibuyekezo asibuyiselwa emuva kusixhumi esibonakalayo esivela kuso. Ubuchwepheshe besibili bokuvimbela izihibe yiRoute Poison. Uma uxhumano nenethiwekhi ye-20.0.0.0 eboniswe esithombeni kuphazamiseka, i-router eyayixhunywe kuyo ithumela "umzila onobuthi" komakhelwane bayo, lapho ibika ukuthi le nethiwekhi manje isifinyeleleka ku-16 hops, okungukuthi, cishe ayifinyeleleki. Le yindlela iphrothokholi ye-RIP esebenza ngayo.
Isebenza kanjani i-EIGRP? Uma ukhumbula ezifundweni ezimayelana ne-OSPF, le protocol yenza imisebenzi emithathu: isungula indawo, isebenzisa i-LSA ukuze ibuyekeze i-LSDB ngokuhambisana nezinguquko ku-topology yenethiwekhi, futhi yakha itafula lomzila. Ukusungula indawo kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi esebenzisa imingcele eminingi. Isibonelo, ukuhlola nokushintsha uxhumano lwe-2WAY - okunye ukuxhumeka kuhlala kusimo sokuxhumana sezindlela ezimbili, okunye kuya kusimo ESIGCWELE. Ngokungafani ne-OSPF, lokhu akwenzeki ku-protocol ye-EIGRP - ihlola amapharamitha angu-4 kuphela.
Njenge-OSPF, le protocol ithumela umlayezo othi Sawubona oqukethe amapharamitha angu-10 njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-4. Owokuqala umbandela wokuqinisekisa, uma ubukade ulungiselelwe. Kulokhu, wonke amadivayisi lapho ukusondela okwakhiwa khona kufanele abe nemingcele yokuqinisekisa efanayo.
Ipharamitha yesibili isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi amadivaysi angaphansi kwesistimu efanayo yokuzimela, okungukuthi, ukusungula indawo eseduze usebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-EIGRP, womabili amadivaysi kufanele abe nenombolo yesistimu efanayo yokuzimela. Ipharamitha yesithathu isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi imilayezo ye-Hello ithunyelwe ngekheli le-IP elifanayo Lomthombo.
Ipharamitha yesine isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuvumelana kwama-coefficients e-K-Values ehlukile. Iphrothokholi ye-EIRGP isebenzisa ama-coefficient anjalo angu-5 ukusuka ku-K1 kuya ku-K5. Uma ukhumbula, uma K=0 amapharamitha eshaywa indiva, kodwa uma K=1, amapharamitha asetshenziswa kufomula yokubala imethrikhi. Ngakho-ke, amanani we-K1-5 kumadivayisi ahlukene kufanele afane. Esifundweni se-CCNA sizothatha amanani azenzakalelayo alawa ma-coefficients: i-K1 ne-K3 zilingana no-1, kanti i-K2, i-K4 ne-K5 zilingana no-0.
Ngakho-ke, uma le mingcele engu-4 ifanelana, i-EIGRP isungula ubuhlobo bomakhelwane futhi amadivaysi angena komunye nomunye etafuleni lomakhelwane. Okulandelayo, kwenziwa izinguquko kuthebula le-topology.
Yonke imilayezo ethi Sawubona ithunyelwa ekhelini le-IP le-multicast 224.0.0.10, futhi izibuyekezo, kuye ngokucushwa, zithunyelwa kumakheli e-unicast omakhelwane noma ekhelini le-multicast. Lesi sibuyekezo asiveli nge-UDP noma i-TCP, kodwa sisebenzisa iphrothokholi ehlukile ebizwa nge-RTP, I-Reliable Transport Protocol. Le protocol ihlola ukuthi ingabe umakhelwane uthole isibuyekezo, futhi njengoba igama layo libonisa, umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kokuxhumana. Uma isibuyekezo singafinyeleli kumakhelwane, ukudluliswa kuzophindwa kuze kube yilapho umakhelwane ekuthola. I-OSPF ayinayo indlela yokuhlola idivayisi yomamukeli, ngakho uhlelo alwazi ukuthi amadivayisi angomakhelwane athole isibuyekezo noma cha.
Uma ukhumbula, i-RIP ithumela isibuyekezo se-topology yenethiwekhi njalo ngemizuzwana engama-30. I-EIGRP yenza lokhu kuphela uma idivayisi entsha ivele kunethiwekhi noma izinguquko ezithile zenzekile. Uma i-subnet topology ishintshile, iphrothokholi izothumela isibuyekezo, kodwa hhayi ithebula le-topology eligcwele, kodwa amarekhodi kuphela analolu shintsho. Uma i-subnet ishintsha, i-topology yayo kuphela ezobuyekezwa. Lokhu kubonakala kuyisibuyekezo esingaphelele esenzeka lapho sidingeka.
Njengoba wazi, i-OSPF ithumela ama-LSA njalo ngemizuzu engama-30, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona izinguquko kunethiwekhi. I-EIGRP ngeke ithumele noma yiziphi izibuyekezo isikhathi eside kuze kube khona ushintsho oluthile kunethiwekhi. Ngakho-ke, i-EIGRP isebenza kahle kakhulu kune-OSPF.
Ngemuva kokuthi ama-routers eshintshisane ngamaphakheji okuvuselela, isigaba sesithathu siqala - ukwakheka kwetafula lomzila ngokusekelwe kumethrikhi, ebalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula ekhonjiswe kumfanekiso. Ubala izindleko futhi enze isinqumo esisekelwe kulezi zindleko.
Ake sicabange ukuthi u-R1 uthumele i-Hello kurutha i-R2, futhi leyo router ithumele i-Hello kurutha u-R1. Uma wonke amapharamitha afana, ama-routers enza itafula lomakhelwane. Kuleli thebula, u-R2 ubhala okufakiwe mayelana nerutha u-R1, bese u-R1 ubhala mayelana ne-R2. Ngemva kwalokhu, i-router R1 ithumela isibuyekezo kunethiwekhi engu-10.1.1.0/24 exhunywe kuyo. Kuthebula lomzila, lokhu kubukeka njengolwazi olumayelana nekheli le-IP lenethiwekhi, isixhumi esibonakalayo somzila esihlinzeka ngokuxhumana nayo, kanye nezindleko zomzila ngokusebenzisa lesi sikhombimsebenzisi. Uma ukhumbula, izindleko ze-EIGRP zingama-90, bese kuboniswa inani le-Distance, esizokhuluma ngalo kamuva.
Ifomula ephelele yemethrikhi ibukeka iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengoba ifaka amanani ama-coefficients we-K noshintsho oluhlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi ye-Cisco inikeza ifomu eliphelele lefomula, kodwa uma ushintsha amanani e-coefficient azenzakalelayo, izoguqulwa ibe ifomu elilula - imethrikhi izolingana no-(bandwidth + Delay) * 256.
Sizosebenzisa nje leli fomu elenziwe lula lefomula ukubala imethrikhi, lapho umkhawulokudonsa ngamakhilobhithi ulingana no-107, uhlukaniswe umkhawulokudonsa omncane kakhulu wazo zonke izixhumanisi eziholela kunethiwekhi yomkhawulokudonsa omncane okuyiwa kuyo, futhi ukubambezeleka okukhulayo kuyingqikithi. ukubambezeleka kumashumi ama-microsecond kukho konke ukuxhumana okuholela kunethiwekhi yendawo.
Lapho sifunda i-EIGRP, sidinga ukuqonda izincazelo ezine: Ibanga Elingenzeka, Ibanga Elibikiwe, Umlandeli (irutha engumakhelwane enezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zendlela eya kunethiwekhi yendawo), kanye Nomlandeli Onokwenzeka (umzila womakhelwane oyisipele). Ukuze uqonde ukuthi zisho ukuthini, cabangela i-topology yenethiwekhi elandelayo.
Ake siqale ngokwakha ithebula lomzila u-R1 ukuze sikhethe umzila ongcono kakhulu oya kunethiwekhi 10.1.1.0/24. Eduze kwedivayisi ngayinye okuphumayo ku-kbit/s nokubambezeleka ku-ms kuyaboniswa. Sisebenzisa 100 Mbps noma 1000000 kbps GigabitEthernet interface, 100000 kbps FastEthernet, 10000 kbps Ethernet, kanye 1544 kbps serial interface. Lawa manani angatholakala ngokubuka izici zezindawo ezihambisanayo zomzimba kuzilungiselelo ze-router.
Ukuphuma okuzenzakalelayo kwezixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-Serial kungu-1544 kbps, futhi noma unolayini ongu-64 kbps, okuphumayo kusazoba ngu-1544 kbps. Ngakho-ke, njengomlawuli wenethiwekhi, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi usebenzisa inani elifanele lomkhawulokudonsa. Ukuze uthole isixhumi esibonakalayo esithile, singasethwa kusetshenziswa umyalo womkhawulokudonsa, futhi usebenzisa umyalo wokulibaziseka, ungashintsha inani lokulibaziseka elizenzakalelayo. Akumele ukhathazeke ngamavelu omkhawulokudonsa azenzakalelayo we-GigabitEthernet noma i-Ethernet interface, kodwa qaphela lapho ukhetha isivinini somugqa uma usebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Serial.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kulo mdwebo ukubambezeleka kukhonjiswe ngama-milliseconds ms, kodwa empeleni ama-microseconds, anginalo nje uhlamvu u-μ okubonisa kahle ama-microseconds μs.
Sicela unakisise leli qiniso elilandelayo. Uma ukhipha umyalo we-show interface g0/0, isistimu izobonisa ukubambezeleka kumashumi ama-microsecond kunokuba nje ama-microseconds.
Sizobheka le nkinga ngokuningiliziwe kuvidiyo elandelayo yokumisa i-EIGRP, okwamanje khumbula ukuthi lapho ushintsha amanani okubambezeleka kufomula, u-100 μs odwebeni uphenduka u-10, njengoba ifomula isebenzisa amashumi ama-microseconds, hhayi amayunithi.
Emdwebeni, ngizobonisa ngamachashazi abomvu izixhumanisi lapho ukuphuma nokubambezeleka okubonisiwe kuhlobana khona.
Okokuqala, sidinga ukunquma Ibanga elingenzeka. Lena i-metric ye-FD, ebalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula. Esigabeni esisuka ku-R5 siye kunethiwekhi yangaphandle, sidinga ukuhlukanisa i-107 ngo-106, ngenxa yalokho sithola i-10. Okulandelayo, kuleli nani lomkhawulokudonsa sidinga ukungeza ukubambezeleka okulingana no-1, ngoba sine-microseconds engu-10, okungukuthi, ishumi elilodwa. Inani eliwumphumela lika-11 kufanele liphindwe ngo-256, okusho ukuthi, inani lemethrikhi lizoba ngu-2816. Leli inani le-FD lalesi sigaba senethiwekhi.
Irutha engu-R5 izothumela leli nani kumzila u-R2, futhi ngo-R2 izoba Ibanga Elibikiwe elimenyezelwe, okungukuthi, inani elishiwo umakhelwane. Ngakho, ibanga le-RD elikhangisiwe lawo wonke amanye amadivaysi lizolingana nebanga elingaba khona le-FD ledivayisi elibikele lona.
I-Router R2 yenza izibalo ze-FD ngokusekelwe kudatha yayo, okungukuthi, ihlukanisa u-107 ngo-105 futhi ithola u-100. Bese yengeza kuleli nani isamba sokubambezeleka kumzila oya kunethiwekhi yangaphandle: ukubambezeleka kuka-R5, okulingana ne-microseconds eyodwa eyishumi, kanye ukubambezeleka kwakhe, okulingana namashumi ayishumi. Isamba sokubambezeleka kuzoba amashumi ayi-11 wama-microsecond. Siyengeza kwikhulu eliwumphumela bese sithola u-111, siphindaphinda leli nani ngo-256 futhi sithole inani FD = 28416. Irutha engu-R3 yenza okufanayo, ithola ngemva kwezibalo inani FD=281856. Umzila u-R4 ubala inani FD=3072 bese ulidlulisela ku-R1 njenge-RD.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lapho kubalwa i-FD, i-router R1 ayifaki efomini yayo yomkhawulokudonsa ongu-1000000 kbit/s, kodwa i-bandwidth ephansi ye-router R2, elingana no-100000 kbit/s, ngoba ifomula njalo isebenzisa umkhawulokudonsa omncane isixhumi esibonakalayo esiholela kunethiwekhi yendawo. Kulokhu, ama-routers i-R10.1.1.0 ne-R24 atholakala endleleni eya kunethiwekhi 2/5, kodwa njengoba i-router yesihlanu inomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu, inani elincane kakhulu lomkhawulokudonsa we-router R2 lifakwa esikhundleni sefomula. Isamba sokubambezeleka endleleni u-R1-R2-R5 ngu-1+10+1 (amashumi) = 12, i-output encishisiwe yi-100, futhi isamba salezi zinombolo esiphindwe ngo-256 sinikeza inani FD=30976.
Ngakho-ke, wonke amadivaysi abalwe i-FD ye-interfaces yawo, futhi i-router R1 inemizila engu-3 eholela kunethiwekhi yendawo. Lena imizila u-R1-R2, R1-R3 kanye no-R1-R4. I-router ikhetha inani elincane lebanga elingenzeka le-FD, elilingana no-30976 - lena yindlela eya ku-router R2. Le router iba uMlandeli, noma “umlandeli”. Ithebula lomzila liphinde libonise Umlandeli Onokwenzeka (ozolandela ikhophi yasenqolobaneni) - kusho ukuthi uma uxhumano phakathi kwe-R1 ne-Successor yephuka, umzila uzohanjiswa ngomzila oyisipele Olandelwayo Ongalandelwa.
Abalandelayo Abanokwenzeka banikezwa ngokomthetho owodwa: ibanga elikhangisiwe le-RD lale router kufanele libe ngaphansi kwe-FD yomzila engxenyeni eya Kumlandeli. Esimweni sethu, i-R1-R2 ine-FD = 30976, i-RD esigabeni R1-K3 ilingana no-281856, futhi i-RD esigabeni R1-R4 ilingana no-3072.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ukuxhumana kuphazamiseka engxenyeni yenethiwekhi ye-R1-R2, ukugcwala kwenethiwekhi ku-10.1.1.0/24 kuzothunyelwa ngomzila u-R1-R4-R5. Ukushintsha umzila uma usebenzisa i-RIP kuthatha amashumi ambalwa amasekhondi, uma usebenzisa i-OSPF kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa, futhi ku-EIGRP kwenzeka khona manjalo. Lena enye inzuzo ye-EIGRP ngaphezu kwamanye amaphrothokholi omzila.
Kwenzekani uma uMlandeli kanye noMlandeli Onokwenzeka benqanyulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa? Kulokhu, i-EIGRP isebenzisa i-algorithm ethi DUAL, engabala umzila oyisipele ngokusebenzisa okungenzeka ukuthi uzolandela. Lokhu kungase kuthathe imizuzwana embalwa, lapho i-EIGRP izothola omunye umakhelwane ongasetshenziswa ukudlulisa ithrafikhi futhi abeke idatha yayo kuthebula lomzila. Ngemuva kwalokhu, iphrothokholi izoqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo ojwayelekile wokuzulazula.
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Source: www.habr.com