Namuhla sizoqhubeka nocwaningo lwethu lwesigaba 2.6 sesifundo se-ICND2 futhi sibheke ukumisa nokuhlola iphrothokholi ye-EIGRP. Ukusetha i-EIGRP kulula kakhulu. Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umthetho olandelwayo womzila njenge-RIP noma i-OSPF, ufaka imodi yokucushwa yomhlaba wonke yerutha bese ufaka umzila we-eigrp <#> umyalo, lapho # okuyinombolo ye-AS.
Le nombolo kufanele ifane kuwo wonke amadivayisi, isibonelo, uma unama-router angu-5 futhi wonke asebenzisa i-EIGRP, kufanele abe nenombolo efanayo yesistimu yokuzimela. Ku-OSPF lena i-ID Yenqubo, noma inombolo yenqubo, futhi ku-EIGRP inombolo yohlelo oluzimele.
Ku-OSPF, ukuze kusungulwe indawo eseduze, i-ID Yenqubo yamarutha ahlukene ingase ingafani. Ku-EIGRP, izinombolo ze-AS zabo bonke omakhelwane kufanele zifane, ngaphandle kwalokho indawo yomakhelwane ngeke isungulwe. Kunezindlela ezi-2 zokwenza iphrothokholi ye-EIGRP isebenze - ngaphandle kokucacisa imaski ehlehlayo noma ukucacisa imaski yekhadi lasendle.
Esimweni sokuqala, umyalo wenethiwekhi ucacisa ikheli le-IP lesigaba 10.0.0.0. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yisiphi isixhumi esibonakalayo esine-octet yokuqala yekheli le-IP 10 sizobamba iqhaza kumzila we-EIGRP, okungukuthi, kulokhu, wonke amakheli e-class A wenethiwekhi 10.0.0.0 asetshenziswa. Ngisho noma ufaka i-subnet efana ncamashi no-10.1.1.10 ngaphandle kokucacisa imaski ehlehlayo, umthetho olandelwayo usazowuguqulela ekhelini le-IP elifana no-10.0.0.0. Ngakho-ke, khumbula ukuthi isistimu nganoma yisiphi isimo izokwamukela ikheli le-subnet eshiwo, kodwa izolithatha njengekheli lesigaba futhi izosebenza nayo yonke inethiwekhi yekilasi A, B noma C, kuye ngenani le-octet yokuqala. yekheli le-IP.
Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa i-EIGRP ku-subnet engu-10.1.12.0/24, uzodinga ukusebenzisa umyalo onemaski ehlehlayo yenethiwekhi yefomu 10.1.12.0 0.0.0.255. Ngakho-ke, i-EIGRP isebenza ngamanethiwekhi asezingeni eliphezulu wokukhuluma ngaphandle kwemaski ehlanekezelwe, futhi ngamanethi angenasigaba, ukusetshenziswa kwemaski yamakhadi asendle kuyimpoqo.
Masiqhubekele ku-Packet Tracer futhi sisebenzise i-topology yenethiwekhi kusukela esifundweni sevidiyo sangaphambilini, esifunde ngaso ngemiqondo ye-FD ne-RD.
Masimise le nethiwekhi ohlelweni futhi sibone ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Sinamarutha ayi-5 R1-R5. Ngisho noma i-Packet Tracer isebenzisa amarutha anezixhumanisi ze-GigabitEthernet, ngishintshe mathupha umkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi kanye ne-latency ukuze ihambisane ne-topology okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili. Esikhundleni senethiwekhi ye-10.1.1.0/24, ngixhume isixhumi esibonakalayo se-loopback kumzila we-R5, lapho nganikeza khona ikheli 10.1.1.1/32.
Ake siqale ngokusetha irutha ye-R1. Angikayiniki amandla i-EIGRP lapha okwamanje, kodwa ngimane ngabeka ikheli le-IP kumzila. Ngomyalo we-config t, ngifaka imodi yokumisa umhlaba wonke futhi nginike amandla iphrothokholi ngokuthayipha umyalo werutha eigrp <inombolo yesistimu ezenzakalelayo>, okufanele ibe kububanzi obusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-65535. Ngikhetha inombolo 1 bese ngicindezela u-Enter. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ngishilo, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili.
Ngingakwazi ukuthayipha inethiwekhi kanye nekheli le-IP lenethiwekhi. Amanethiwekhi 1/10.1.12.0, 24/10.1.13.0 kanye no-24/10.1.14.0 axhunywe kumzila u-R24. Wonke akunethiwekhi "yeshumi", ngakho-ke ngingasebenzisa umyalo owodwa ojwayelekile, inethiwekhi 10.0.0.0. Uma ngicindezela u-Enter, i-EIGRP izobe isebenza kuzo zontathu izixhumanisi. Ngingakuhlola lokhu ngokufaka umyalo do show ip eigrp interfaces. Siyabona ukuthi iphrothokholi isebenza ku-2 GigabitEthernet interface kanye ne-Serial interface eyodwa lapho irutha ye-R4 ixhunywe khona.
Uma ngisebenzisa umyalo we-do show ip eigrp interfaces futhi ukuhlola, ngingaqinisekisa ukuthi i-EIGRP isebenza ngempela kuzo zonke izimbobo.
Ake siye ku-router R2 futhi siqale iphrothokholi sisebenzisa imiyalo ye-config t ne-router eigrp 1. Lesi sikhathi ngeke sisebenzise umyalo kuyo yonke inethiwekhi, kodwa sizosebenzisa imaski ehlanekezelwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngifaka inethiwekhi yomyalo 10.1.12.0 0.0.0.255. Ukuze uhlole izilungiselelo, sebenzisa umyalo we-interfaces we-do show ip eigrp. Siyabona ukuthi i-EIGRP isebenza kuphela kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-Gig0/0, ngoba lesi sikhombimsebenzisi kuphela esifana nemingcele yomyalo ofakiwe.
Kulokhu, imaskhi ehlehlayo isho ukuthi imodi ye-EIGRP izosebenza kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi okukhona kuyo ama-octet amathathu okuqala ekheli le-IP angu-10.1.12. Uma inethiwekhi enamapharamitha afanayo ixhunywe kwesinye isixhumi esibonakalayo, lesi sixhumi esibonakalayo sizongezwa kuhlu lwamachweba lapho le nqubo yomthetho isebenza khona.
Ake sengeze enye inethiwekhi enenethiwekhi yomyalo 10.1.25.0 0.0.0.255 futhi sibone ukuthi uhlu lwezixhumanisi ezisekela i-EIGRP luzobukeka kanjani manje. Njengoba ubona, manje sine-interface ye-Gig0/1 engeziwe. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi i-interface ye-Gig0/0 inontanga oyedwa, noma umakhelwane oyedwa - irutha engu-R1, esesivele siyilungisile. Kamuva ngizokukhombisa imiyalo yokuqinisekisa izilungiselelo, okwamanje sizoqhubeka nokumisa i-EIGRP kumadivayisi asele. Singase sisebenzise noma singasebenzisi imaski ehlehlayo lapho silungiselela noma yimaphi amarutha.
Ngiya kukhonsoli ye-CLI yomzila we-R3 futhi kumodi yokumisa yomhlaba wonke ngithayipha imiyalo router eigrp 1 kanye nenethiwekhi 10.0.0.0, bese ngingena kuzilungiselelo zomzila we-R4 bese ngibhala imiyalo efanayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imaski ehlanekezelwe.
Ungabona ukuthi i-EIGRP kulula kanjani ukuyilungisa kune-OSPF - esimweni sokugcina udinga ukunaka ama-ABR, izindawo, ukucacisa indawo yabo, njll. Akukho kulokhu okudingekayo lapha - ngivele ngiye kuzilungiselelo zomhlaba jikelele zomzila we-R5, ngibhale i-router ye-command eigrp 1 kanye nenethiwekhi 10.0.0.0, futhi manje i-EIGRP isebenza kuwo wonke amadivayisi angu-5.
Ake sibheke imininingwane esikhulume ngayo kuvidiyo edlule. Ngingena kuzilungiselelo ze-R2 bese ngithayipha umyalo wokubonisa i-ip umzila, futhi uhlelo lubonisa okufakiwe okudingekayo.
Ake sinake irutha ye-R5, noma kunalokho, kunethiwekhi ye-10.1.1.0/24. Lona umugqa wokuqala kuthebula lomzila. Inombolo yokuqala kubakaki iyibanga lokuphatha, elilingana no-90 kuphrothokholi ye-EIGRP. Uhlamvu D lusho ukuthi lo mzila uhlinzekwa yi-EIGRP, futhi inombolo yesibili kubakaki, elingana no-26112, iyimethrikhi yomzila u-R2-R5. Uma sibuyela kumdwebo odlule, singabona ukuthi inani lemethrikhi lapha ngu-28416, ngakho-ke kufanele ngibheke ukuthi yini isizathu salokhu kuhluka.
Thayipha umyalo wokubonisa i-loopback 0 kuzilungiselelo ze-R5. Isizathu siwukuthi sisebenzise i-loopback interface: uma ubheka ukubambezeleka kwe-R5 kumdwebo, kulingana no-10 μs, futhi kuzilungiselelo ze-router sinikezwa ulwazi lokuthi ukubambezeleka kwe-DLY ngama-microseconds angu-5000. Ake sibone ukuthi ngingalishintsha yini leli nani. Ngingena ku-R5 global configuration mode bese ngithayipha i-loopback yesixhumi esibonakalayo 0 kanye nemiyalo yokulibazisa. Isistimu iphakamisa ukuthi inani lokulibaziseka linganikezwa kububanzi obusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-16777215, kanye namashumi amasekhondi amancane. Njengoba emashumini inani lokulibaziseka lika-10 μs lihambisana no-1, ngifaka umyalo wokulibazisa 1. Siphinde sihlole imingcele yesixhumi esibonakalayo futhi sibone ukuthi isistimu ayizange yamukele leli nani, futhi ayifuni ukwenza lokhu ngisho nalapho ibuyekeza inethiwekhi. amapharamitha kuzilungiselelo ze-R2.
Nokho, ngiyakuqinisekisa ukuthi uma sibala kabusha imethrikhi yohlelo lwangaphambilini, sicabangela imingcele ebonakalayo yerutha engu-R5, inani elingenzeka lebanga lomzila osuka ku-R2 uye kunethiwekhi engu-10.1.1.0/24 kuzoba ngu-26112. Ake sibheke ngamavelu afanayo kumapharamitha werutha ye-R1 ngokuthayipha umyalo bonisa i-ip umzila. Njengoba ubona, kunethiwekhi ye-10.1.1.0/24 ukubalwa kabusha kwenziwa futhi manje inani lemethrikhi lingu-26368, hhayi u-28416.
Ungahlola lokhu kubalwa kabusha ngokusekelwe kumdwebo ovela esifundweni sevidiyo sangaphambilini, ucabangela izici ze-Packet Tracer, esebenzisa amanye amapharamitha aphathekayo wezindawo zokusebenzelana, ikakhulukazi, ukubambezeleka okuhlukile. Zama ukwakha i-topology yakho yenethiwekhi ngalawa manani wokuphuma kanye ne-latency bese ubale amapharamitha ayo. Emisebenzini yakho ephathekayo ngeke udinge ukwenza izibalo ezinjalo, yazi nje ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. Ngoba uma ufuna ukusebenzisa ukulinganisa komthwalo esikushilo kuvidiyo yokugcina, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungakushintsha kanjani ukubambezeleka. Angincomi ukuthinta umkhawulokudonsa; ukulungisa i-EIGRP, kwanele ukuguqula amanani we-latency.
Ngakho-ke, ungashintsha umkhawulokudonsa kanye namanani okulibaziseka, ngaleyo ndlela uguqule amanani wemethrikhi we-EIGRP. Lokhu kuzoba umsebenzi wakho wesikole. Njengenjwayelo, lokhu ungalanda kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi usebenzise kokubili ama-topology enethiwekhi ku-Packet Tracer. Ake sibuyele kumdwebo wethu.
Njengoba ubona, ukusetha i-EIGRP kulula kakhulu, futhi ungasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili ukuqoka amanethiwekhi: usebenzisa noma ngaphandle kwemaski ehlanekezelwe. Njenge-OSPF, ku-EIGRP sinamatafula angu-3: itafula lomakhelwane, ithebula le-topology kanye netafula lomzila. Ake sibheke la matafula futhi.
Ake singene kuzilungiselelo ze-R1 futhi siqale ngetafula likamakhelwane ngokufaka i-show ip eigrp neighbors command. Siyabona ukuthi umzila unomakhelwane abangu-3.
Ikheli elithi 10.1.12.2 liwumzila u-R2, u-10.1.13.1 umzila u-R3 kanye no-10.1.14.1 umzila u-R4. Ithebula libonisa futhi lapho ukuxhumana nomakhelwane kwenziwa khona. I-Hold Uptime iboniswa ngezansi. Uma ukhumbula, lesi isikhathi esishintshashintsha sibe izikhathi ezingu-3 Sawubona, noma 3x5s = 15s. Uma ngalesi sikhathi impendulo Sawubona ingakatholwa kumakhelwane, ukuxhumana kuthathwa njengokulahlekile. Ngokobuchwepheshe, uma omakhelwane bephendula, leli nani lehla liye ku-10s bese libuyela ku-15s. Njalo ngemizuzwana emi-5, umzila uthumela umlayezo othi Sawubona, futhi omakhelwane bawuphendule phakathi nemizuzwana emihlanu elandelayo. Okulandelayo kubonisa isikhathi sokuya nokubuya samaphakethe e-SRTT, esingama-40 ms. Ukubala kwayo kwenziwa yi-RTP protocol, esetshenziswa yi-EIGRP ukuhlela ukuxhumana phakathi komakhelwane. Manje sizobheka ithebula le-topology, lapho sisebenzisa khona umyalo we-ip eigrp topology.
Iphrothokholi ye-OSPF kuleli cala ichaza i-topology eyinkimbinkimbi, ejulile ehlanganisa wonke amarutha nazo zonke iziteshi ezitholakala kunethiwekhi. I-EIGRP ibonisa i-topology eyenziwe lula esekelwe kumamethrikhi womzila amabili. Imethrikhi yokuqala yibanga elincane elingenzeka, ibanga elingenzeka, okungenye yezici zomzila. Okulandelayo, inani elibikiwe lebanga liboniswa nge-slash - lena imethrikhi yesibili. Kunethiwekhi 10.1.1.0/24, ukuxhumana okwenziwa nge-router 10.1.12.2, inani elinokwenzeka lebanga ngu-26368 (inani lokuqala kubakaki). Inani elifanayo libekwe etafuleni lomzila ngoba umzila 10.1.12.2 ungumlandeli.
Uma ibanga elibikiwe lenye i-router, kulokhu inani le-3072 router 10.1.14.4, lingaphansi kwebanga elingenzeka lomakhelwane walo oseduze, khona-ke le router iyiMphumeleli Engenzeka. Uma uxhumano nerutha 10.1.12.2 ilahleka ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-GigabitEthernet 0/0, irutha 10.1.14.4 izothatha umsebenzi Womlandeli.
Ku-OSPF, ukubala umzila ngokusebenzisa umzila oyisipele kuthatha isikhathi esithile, okudlala indima ebalulekile lapho usayizi wenethiwekhi ubalulekile. I-EIGRP ayichithi isikhathi ngezibalo ezinjalo ngoba vele iyamazi umuntu ozongenela indima yoMlandela. Ake sibheke ithebula le-topology sisebenzisa umyalo we-show ip umzila.
Njengoba ubona, i-Successor, okungukuthi, i-router enenani eliphansi le-FD, ebekwe etafuleni lomzila. Lapha kuboniswa isiteshi esine-metric 26368, okuyi-FD yomzila owamukelayo 10.1.12.2.
Kunemiyalo emithathu engasetshenziswa ukuhlola izilungiselelo zephrothokholi yomzila yesixhumi esibonakalayo ngasinye.
Eyokuqala yi-show running-config. Ngokuyisebenzisa, ngiyabona ukuthi iyiphi iphrothokholi esebenzayo kule divayisi, lokhu kuboniswa umlayezo we-router eigrp 1 wenethiwekhi 10.0.0.0. Kodwa-ke, kulolu lwazi akunakwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi i-interfaces le protocol esebenza kukho, ngakho-ke kufanele ngibheke uhlu olunamapharamitha azo zonke izixhumanisi ze-R1. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nginaka i-octet yokuqala yekheli le-IP le-interface ngayinye - uma iqala ngo-10, khona-ke i-EIGRP iyasebenza kulesi sikhombimsebenzisi, ngoba kulokhu isimo sokufanisa ikheli lenethiwekhi 10.0.0.0 sanelisiwe . Ngakho-ke, ungasebenzisa umyalo we-show running-config ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi iphrothokholi esebenzayo kusixhumi esibonakalayo ngasinye.
Umyalo wokuhlola olandelayo yi-show ip protocol. Ngemva kokufaka lo myalo, ungabona ukuthi iphrothokholi yomzila ithi “eigrp 1”. Okulandelayo, amanani ama-coefficients ka-K okubala imethrikhi ayaboniswa. Ucwaningo lwabo alufakiwe esifundweni se-ICND, ngakho-ke kuzilungiselelo sizokwamukela amanani azenzakalelayo K.
Lapha, njengaku-OSPF, i-Router-ID iboniswa njengekheli le-IP: 10.1.12.1. Uma unganikezi ngesandla le pharamitha, isistimu ikhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo isixhumi esibonakalayo se-loopback esinekheli le-IP eliphezulu kakhulu njenge-RID.
Iphinde ithi ukufinyezwa komzila okuzenzakalelayo kukhutshaziwe. Lesi yisimo esibalulekile, njengoba uma sisebenzisa ama-subnet anamakheli e-IP angena class, kungcono ukukhubaza ukufingqa. Uma uvumela lo msebenzi, okulandelayo kuzokwenzeka.
Ake sicabange ukuthi sinamarutha u-R1 no-R2 asebenzisa i-EIGRP, futhi amanethiwekhi ama-2 axhunywe kumzila u-R3: 10.1.2.0, 10.1.10.0 kanye no-10.1.25.0. Uma i-autosummation inikwe amandla, khona-ke uma i-R2 ithumela isibuyekezo kumzila u-R1, ikhombisa ukuthi ixhunywe kunethiwekhi 10.0.0.0/8. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izisetshenziswa ezixhunywe kunethiwekhi ye-10.0.0.0/8 zithumela izibuyekezo kuyo, futhi yonke ithrafikhi eqondiswe kunethiwekhi ye-10. kufanele iqondiswe kumzila we-R2.
Kwenzekani uma uxhuma enye irutha engu-R1 kumzila wokuqala u-R3, oxhunywe kumanethiwekhi 10.1.5.0 no-10.1.75.0? Uma i-router R3 nayo isebenzisa isifinyezo esizenzakalelayo, izotshela u-R1 ukuthi yonke ithrafikhi eqondiswe kunethiwekhi engu-10.0.0.0/8 kufanele iqondiswe kuyo.
Uma umzila u-R1 uxhumeke kumzila u-R2 kunethiwekhi ye-192.168.1.0, kanye nakumzila u-R3 kunethiwekhi ye-192.168.2.0, i-EIGRP izokwenza kuphela izinqumo zokufingqa okuzenzakalelayo ezingeni lika-R2, okungalungile. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukusebenzisa isifinyezo esizenzakalelayo somzila othize, esimweni sethu yi-R2, qiniseka ukuthi wonke ama-subnets ane-octet yokuqala yekheli le-IP 10. axhumeke kuphela kuleyo router. Akufanele ube namanethiwekhi axhumeke 10. kwenye indawo, kwenye irutha. Umlawuli wenethiwekhi ohlela ukusebenzisa isifinyezo somzila ozenzakalelayo kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi wonke amanethiwekhi anekheli elisezingeni elifanayo axhunywe kumzila ofanayo.
Empeleni, kulula kakhulu ukuthi umsebenzi we-auto-sum ukhutshazwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kulokhu, i-router R2 izothumela izibuyekezo ezihlukene ku-router R1 kunethiwekhi ngayinye exhunywe kuyo: eyodwa nge-10.1.2.0, eyodwa ye-10.1.10.0 neyodwa engu-10.1.25.0. Kulokhu, ithebula lomzila u-R1 lizogcwaliswa hhayi ngeyodwa, kodwa imizila emithathu. Yebo, ukufingqa kusiza ukunciphisa inani lokufakiwe kuthebula lomzila, kodwa uma ukuhlelela okungalungile, ungacekela phansi yonke inethiwekhi.
Ake sibuyele kumyalo wezinhlelo zephrothokholi zokubonisa. Qaphela ukuthi lapha ungabona inani le-Distance lika-90, kanye nendlela enkulu yokulinganisa umthwalo, eshintshashintsha ibe ngu-4. Zonke lezi zindlela zinezindleko ezifanayo. Inombolo yabo ingancishiswa, ngokwesibonelo, ibe ngu-2, noma ikhuphuke ibe ngu-16.
Okulandelayo, umkhawulo kasayizi wekhawunta ye-hop, noma amasegimenti omzila, ucaciswa njengo-100, futhi inani Ubukhulu bemetric variance = 1 bucacisiwe. Ku-EIGRP, Ukwehluka kuvumela imizila amamethrikhi ayo asondele kakhulu ngevelu ukuba athathwe njengalingana, okuvumela ukuze ungeze imizila embalwa enamamethrikhi angalingani kuthebula lomzila , okuholela ku-subnet efanayo. Sizobheka lokhu ngokuningiliziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umzila Wamanethiwekhi: Ulwazi lwe-10.0.0.0 luyinkomba yokuthi sisebenzisa inketho ngaphandle kwe-backmask. Uma singena kuzilungiselelo ze-R2, lapho sisebenzise khona imaski ehlanekezelwe, bese sifaka umyalo wezivumelwano ze-ip, sizobona ukuthi Umzila Wamanethiwekhi wale router uqukethe imigqa emibili: 10.1.12.0/24 kanye no-10.1.25.0/24, okungukuthi, kukhona inkomba yokusetshenziswa kwemaski yekhadi lasendle.
Ngezinjongo ezingokoqobo, awudingi ukukhumbula kahle ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olukhiqizwa yimiyalelo yokuhlola - udinga nje ukuyisebenzisa futhi ubuke umphumela. Kodwa-ke, ekuhlolweni ngeke ube nethuba lokuphendula umbuzo, ongabhekwa ngomyalo we-protocol we-show ip. Kuzodingeka ukhethe impendulo eyodwa elungile kwezinye izinketho ezihlongozwayo. Uma uzoba uchwepheshe we-Cisco wezinga eliphezulu futhi ungatholi nje isitifiketi se-CCNA, kodwa futhi ne-CCNP noma i-CCIE, kufanele wazi ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi oluthile olukhiqizwa yilokhu noma lowo myalelo wokuhlola nokuthi imiyalo yokubulawa ihloselwe ini. Akumelwe uphathe kahle ingxenye yobuchwepheshe yamadivayisi e-Cisco, kodwa futhi uqonde uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Cisco iOS ukuze ulungiselele kahle la madivayisi enethiwekhi.
Ake sibuyele olwazini olukhiqizwa isistimu ekuphenduleni kokufaka umyalo wephrothokholi yombukiso. Sibona Imithombo Yolwazi Lomzila, ethulwa njengemigqa enekheli le-IP nebanga lokuphatha. Ngokungafani nolwazi lwe-OSPF, i-EIGRP kulokhu ayisebenzisi i-ID yomzila, kodwa amakheli e-IP wamarutha.
Umyalo wokugcina okuvumela ukuthi ubuke ngokuqondile isimo sezindawo zokusebenzelana ukubonisa ip eigrp interfaces. Uma ufaka lo myalo, ungabona zonke izixhumanisi zerutha esebenzisa i-EIGRP.
Ngakho, kunezindlela ezi-3 zokuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi isebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-EIRGP.
Ake sibheke ukulinganisa kwezindleko zomthwalo olinganayo, noma ukulinganisa umthwalo olinganayo. Uma izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezingu-2 zinezindleko ezifanayo, ukulinganisa komthwalo kuzosetshenziswa kuzo ngokuzenzekelayo.
Masisebenzise i-Packet Tracer ukuze sibone ukuthi lokhu kubukeka kanjani sisebenzisa i-topology yenethiwekhi esesiyazi kakade. Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi umkhawulokudonsa kanye namanani okulibaziseka ayafana kuzo zonke iziteshi phakathi kwama-routers abonisiwe. Nginika amandla imodi ye-EIGRP kuwo wonke amarutha angu-4, engingena kuwo kuzilungiselelo zawo ngayinye ngayinye bese ngithayipha itheminali yokumisa imiyalo, i-router eigrp kanye nenethiwekhi 10.0.0.0.
Ake sicabange ukuthi sidinga ukukhetha umzila ophelele u-R1-R4 ukuya kusixhumi esibonakalayo esibonakalayo se-loopback 10.1.1.1, kuyilapho zozine izixhumanisi u-R1-R2, R2-R4, R1-R3 kanye no-R3-R4 zinezindleko ezifanayo. Uma ufaka umyalo we-show ip umzila kukhonsoli ye-CLI yerutha R1, ungabona ukuthi inethiwekhi 10.1.1.0/24 ingafinyelelwa ngemizila emibili: ngerutha engu-10.1.12.2 exhunywe kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-GigabitEthernet0/0, noma ngomzila 10.1.13.3 .0 ixhunywe kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-GigabitEthernet1/XNUMX, futhi yomibili le mizila inamamethrikhi afanayo.
Uma sifaka umyalo we-ip eigrp topology wombukiso, sizobona ulwazi olufanayo lapha: 2 Abamukeli abalandelayo abanamanani afanayo e-FD angu-131072.
Kuze kube manje, sesifunde ukuthi i-ECLB ilingana nokulinganisa komthwalo, okungenziwa kokubili i-OSPF ne-EIGRP.
Nokho, i-EIGRP futhi inokulinganisa kwezindleko zomthwalo (UCLB), noma ukulinganisa okungalingani. Kwezinye izimo, amamethrikhi angase ahluke kancane kwelinye, okwenza imizila icishe ilingane, lapho i-EIGRP ivumela ukulinganisa komthwalo ngokusebenzisa inani elibizwa ngokuthi “ukuhluka”.
Ake sicabange ukuthi sinerutha eyodwa exhunywe kwamanye amathathu - u-R1, u-R2 no-R3.
Irutha engu-R2 inenani eliphansi kakhulu FD=90, ngakho-ke isebenza njengoMlandeli. Ake sicabangele i-RD yezinye iziteshi ezimbili. I-R1's RD ka-80 ingaphansi kwe-R2's FD, ngakho-ke u-R1 usebenza njengesipele serutha Yomlandeli Onokwenzeka. Njengoba i-RD yerutha i-R3 inkulu kune-FD yerutha u-R1, ayisoze yaba Umlandeli Onokwenzeka.
Ngakho-ke, sinerutha - Umlandeli kanye nerutha - Umlandeli Onokwenzeka. Ungabeka irutha engu-R1 kuthebula lomzila usebenzisa amanani ahlukene ahlukene. Ku-EIGRP, ngokuzenzakalelayo Ukuhluka = 1, ngakho-ke i-router R1 Njengomlandeli Onokwenzeka ayikho kuthebula lomzila. Uma sisebenzisa inani Ukuhluka = 2, khona-ke inani le-FD le-router R2 lizophindaphindwa ngo-2 futhi lizoba ngu-180. Kulesi simo, i-FD ye-router R1 izoba ngaphansi kwe-FD ye-router R2: 120 <180, ngakho-ke i-router R1 izobekwa etafuleni lomzila njengoMlandeli 'a.
Uma silinganisa Ukuhluka = 3, khona-ke inani le-FD lomamukeli u-R2 lizoba ngu-90 x 3 = 270. Kulesi simo, i-router R1 izophinde ingene etafuleni lomzila, ngoba 120 <270. Ungadidwa ukuthi i-router R3 ayingeni etafuleni naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-FD yayo = 250 enenani lokuhluka = 3 izoba ngaphansi kwe-FD ye-router R2, kusukela ku-250 < 270. Iqiniso liwukuthi ku-router R3 isimo RD < FD Umlandeli namanje akakahlangatshezwana naye, njengoba i-RD= 180 ingekho ngaphansi, kodwa ingaphezulu kwe-FD = 90. Ngakho, njengoba u-R3 engenakukwazi ukuba uMlandeli Onokwenzeka, ngisho nenani elihlukile lika-3, ngeke lingene etafuleni lomzila.
Ngakho, ngokushintsha inani Lokuhluka, singasebenzisa ukulinganisa kokulayisha okungalingani ukuze sifake umzila esiwudingayo kuthebula lomzila.
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Source: www.habr.com