Noma ubani ohlanganise, wathenga, noma okungenani wamisa isamukeli somsakazo cishe usezwile amagama anjengalawa: ukuzwela nokukhetha (ukukhetha).
Ukuzwela - le pharamitha ibonisa ukuthi umamukeli wakho angayithola kanjani isignali ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude kakhulu.
Futhi ukukhetha, kukhombisa ukuthi umamukeli angashuna kahle kangakanani imvamisa ethile ngaphandle kokuthonywa amanye amafrikhwensi. Lawa "amanye ama-frequency", okungukuthi, lawo angahlobene nokudluliswa kwesignali evela esiteshini somsakazo esikhethiwe, kulokhu adlala indima yokuphazanyiswa komsakazo.
Ngokwandisa amandla okudlulisela, siphoqa abemukeli abanokuzwela okuphansi ukuthi bathole isiginali yethu ngazo zonke izindleko. Iqhaza elibalulekile lidlalwa umthelela ofanayo wamasignali avela eziteshini zomsakazo ezahlukene komunye nomunye, okwenza kube nzima ukusethwa, ukwehlisa izinga lokuxhumana komsakazo.
I-Wi-Fi isebenzisa umoya womsakazo njengendlela yokudlulisa idatha. Ngakho-ke, izinto eziningi onjiniyela bemisakazo nezifundiswa zemisakazo zesikhathi esidlule ngisho nekhulu leminyaka elidlule zagcina ukusebenza kuzo zisasebenza nanamuhla.
Kodwa kukhona okushintshile. Okokushintsha i-analog Ukusakazwa kwedijithali kufike kufomethi, okuholele ekushintsheni kwemvelo yesignali edlulisiwe.
Okulandelayo yincazelo yezinto ezivamile ezithinta ukusebenza kwamanethiwekhi angenantambo e-Wi-Fi ngaphakathi kwamazinga e-IEEE 802.11b/g/n.
Amanye ama-nuances amanethiwekhi we-Wi-Fi
Ekusakazweni komsakazo okusemoyeni kude nezindawo ezinkulu ezinabantu abaningi, lapho ungathola kumamukeli wakho kuphela isignali yesiteshi somsakazo se-FM sendawo kanye nethi “Mayak” ebangeni le-VHF, inkinga yokuba nomthelela ofanayo ayiveli.
Enye into amadivayisi we-Wi-Fi asebenza kuphela ngamabhendi amabili anomkhawulo: 2,4 no-5 GHz. Ngezansi kunezinkinga ezimbalwa okufanele, uma ungazinqobi, bese wazi ukuthi uhamba kanjani.
Inkinga eyodwa - amazinga ahlukene asebenza ngezigaba ezahlukene.
Kububanzi obungu-2.4 GHz, amadivayisi asekela izinga le-802.11b/g ayasebenza, namanethiwekhi wezinga le-802.11n; ebangeni elingu-5 GHz, amadivayisi asebenza kokujwayelekile okungu-802.11a no-802.11n.
Njengoba ubona, amadivayisi angu-802.11n kuphela angasebenza kuwo womabili amabhendi angu-2.4 GHz no-5 GHz. Kwezinye izimo, kufanele sisekele ukusakaza kuwo womabili amabhendi, noma samukele iqiniso lokuthi amanye amaklayenti ngeke akwazi ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi yethu.
Inkinga yesibili — Amadivayisi e-Wi-Fi asebenza phakathi kwebanga eliseduze angasebenzisa uhla lwamafrikhwensi olufanayo.
Kumadivayisi asebenza kubhendi yefrikhwensi engu-2,4 GHz, amashaneli angenantambo angu-13 anobubanzi obungu-20 MHz kokujwayelekile okungu-802.11b/g/n noma 40 MHz okujwayelekile okungu-802.11n ngezikhawu ezingu-5 MHz ayatholakala futhi agunyazwe ukusetshenziswa e-Russia.
Ngakho-ke, noma iyiphi idivayisi engenantambo (iklayenti noma indawo yokufinyelela) idala ukuphazamiseka eziteshini eziseduze. Enye into ukuthi amandla okudlulisa wedivayisi yeklayenti, isibonelo, i-smartphone, aphansi kakhulu kunaleyo yendawo yokufinyelela evamile. Ngakho-ke, kuyo yonke i-athikili sizokhuluma kuphela ngethonya elilinganayo lamaphuzu okufinyelela komunye nomunye.
Isiteshi esithandwa kakhulu, esinikezwa amaklayenti ngokuzenzakalelayo, singu-6. Kodwa ungazikhohlisi ukuthi ngokukhetha inombolo eseduze, sizosusa ithonya le-parasitic. Indawo yokufinyelela esebenza esiteshini sesi-6 ikhiqiza ukuphazamiseka okunamandla eziteshini 5 no-7 kanye nokugxambukela okubuthakathaka eziteshini 4 no-8. Njengoba igebe phakathi kwamashaneli likhula, ukuthonya kwawo okufanayo kuyehla. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe ukugxambukela komunye nomunye, kufiseleka kakhulu ukuthi amaza abo okuthwala ahlukaniswe ngama-25 MHz (izikhawu zeziteshi ezi-5).
Inkinga ukuthi kuzo zonke iziteshi ezinethonya elincane komunye nomunye, zi-3 kuphela iziteshi ezitholakalayo: lezi zingu-1, 6 no-11.
Kufanele sibheke indlela ethile yokuzungeza imikhawulo ekhona. Isibonelo, ithonya elihlangene lamadivayisi linganxeshezelwa ngokunciphisa amandla.
Mayelana nezinzuzo zokulinganisela kukho konke
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amandla ancishisiwe akuyona into embi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amandla enyuka, ikhwalithi yokwamukela ingawohloka kakhulu, futhi lokhu akuyona neze indaba "yobuthakathaka" bendawo yokufinyelela. Ngezansi sizobheka amacala lapho lokhu kungase kube usizo.
Ilayisha ukusakazwa komsakazo
Umthelela wokuminyana ungabonakala mathupha ngesikhathi ukhetha idivayisi ozoyixhuma. Uma kunezinto ezingaphezu kwezintathu noma ezine ohlwini lokukhetha inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi, sesingakwazi ukukhuluma ngokulayisha umoya womsakazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inethiwekhi ngayinye iwumthombo wokuphazamiseka komakhelwane bayo. Futhi ukuphazamiseka kuthinta ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ngoba kukhulisa kakhulu izinga lomsindo futhi lokhu kuholela esidingweni sokuthumela kabusha amaphakethe njalo. Kulesi simo, isincomo esiyinhloko ukunciphisa amandla okuhambisa endaweni yokufinyelela, ngokufanelekile ukuncenga bonke omakhelwane ukuthi benze okufanayo ukuze bangaphambanisi.
Lesi simo sifana nekilasi lesikole ngesikhathi sokufunda lapho uthisha engekho. Umfundi ngamunye uqala ukukhuluma nomakhelwane wakhe wedeski kanye nabanye afunda nabo. Ngomsindo ojwayelekile, abezwani kahle futhi baqale ukukhuluma kakhulu, bese bekhulumela phezulu futhi ekugcineni baqale ukuklabalasa. Uthisha ugijimela ekilasini ngokushesha, athathe izinyathelo zokuqondisa izigwegwe, bese kubuyiselwa isimo esijwayelekile. Uma sicabanga umqondisi wenethiwekhi endimeni kathisha, kanye nabanikazi bezindawo zokufinyelela endimeni yezingane zesikole, sizothola ukufaniswa okuqondile okucishe kufane.
Ukuxhumana kwe-asymmetric
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amandla okudlulisela indawo yokufinyelela ngokuvamile anamandla izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kunamadivayisi eselula eklayenti: amaphilisi, ama-smartphone, ama-laptops, njalonjalo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi "izindawo ezimpunga" zizovela, lapho iklayenti lizothola khona isignali enhle ezinzile kusukela endaweni yokufinyelela, kodwa ukudluliselwa kusuka kuklayenti kuya endaweni ngeke kusebenze kahle. Lokhu kuxhumana kubizwa nge-asymmetric.
Ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana okuzinzile ngekhwalithi enhle, kufiseleka kakhulu ukuthi kube nokuxhumana okulinganayo phakathi kwedivayisi yeklayenti nendawo yokungena, lapho ukwamukela nokudlulisela kuzo zombili izinkomba kusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Umfanekiso 1. Ukuxhumeka kwe-asymmetric usebenzisa isibonelo sepulani yefulethi.
Ukuze ugweme ukuxhumeka kwe-asymmetric, kufanele ugweme ukukhulisa amandla okuthumela ngamawala.
Lapho kudingeka amandla engeziwe
Izinto ezibalwe ngezansi zidinga amandla angeziwe ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana okuzinzile.
Ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izinhlobo zemishini yokuxhumana yomsakazo nezinye izinto zikagesi
Amadivayisi e-Bluetooth, njengama-headphone, amakhibhodi angenawaya namagundane, asebenza ebangeni lefrikhwensi engu-2.4 GHz futhi aphazamisa ukusebenza kwendawo yokungena namanye amadivaysi e-Wi-Fi.
Amadivayisi alandelayo angase abe nomthelela omubi kukhwalithi yesignali:
- ama-oven microwave;
- abaqaphi bezingane;
- Iziqapha ze-CRT, izipikha ezingenantambo, amafoni angenazintambo namanye amadivaysi angenantambo;
- imithombo yangaphandle yamandla kagesi, njengezintambo zikagesi neziteshi zamandla kagesi,
- izinjini zikagesi;
- izintambo ezinezivikelo ezinganele, nekhebula eliqinile nezixhumi ezisetshenziswa nezinhlobo ezithile zezitsha zesathelayithi.
Amabanga amade phakathi kwamadivayisi e-Wi-Fi
Noma imaphi amadivaysi omsakazo anebanga elilinganiselwe. Ukwengeza ezicini zokuklama zocingo olungenantambo, ububanzi bungase buncishiswe izinto zangaphandle njengezithiyo, ukuphazamiseka komsakazo, nokunye.
Konke lokhu kuholela ekwakhiweni "kwezindawo ezingafinyeleleki" zendawo, lapho isignali evela endaweni yokufinyelela "engafinyeleli" idivayisi yeklayenti.
Izithiyo ekudluleni kwesignali
Izithiyo ezihlukahlukene (izindonga, usilingi, ifenisha, iminyango yensimbi, njll.) ezitholakala phakathi kwamadivayisi e-Wi-Fi zingabonisa noma zimunce amasignali omsakazo, okuholela ekuwohlokeni noma ekulahlekeni okuphelele kokuxhumana.
Izinto ezilula nezicacile njengezindonga zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe, isembozo seshidi lensimbi, ifreyimu yensimbi, ngisho nezibuko kanye nengilazi enombala ogqamile kunciphisa kakhulu ukuqina kwesignali.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umzimba womuntu unciphisa isignali cishe ngo-3 dB.
Ngezansi kunethebula lokulahleka kwesignali ye-Wi-Fi uma udlula ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zenethiwekhi engu-2.4 GHz.
* Ibanga elisebenzayo — isho inani lokwehliswa kobubanzi ngemva kokudlula isithiyo esihambisanayo uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo evulekile.
Ake sifingqe imiphumela yesikhashana
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amandla esignali aphezulu ngokwawo awathuthukisi ikhwalithi yokuxhumana kwe-Wi-Fi, kodwa angaphazamisa ukusungulwa kokuxhumana okuhle.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezimo lapho kudingekile ukunikeza amandla aphezulu okudlulisa okuzinzile nokwamukela isignali yomsakazo we-Wi-Fi.
Lezi izimfuno ezinjalo eziphikisanayo.
Izici eziwusizo ezivela ku-Zyxel ezingasiza
Ngokusobala, udinga ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ethile ethokozisayo ezokusiza ukuthi uphume kulesi simo esiphikisanayo.
KUBALULEKILE! Ungafunda mayelana nama-nuances amaningi lapho wakha amanethiwekhi angenawaya, kanye namakhono kanye nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwemishini ezifundweni ezikhethekile ze-Zyxel - ZCNE. Ungathola mayelana nezifundo ezizayo .
Ukuqondisa Kweklayenti
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, izinkinga ezichazwe ikakhulukazi zithinta ububanzi be-2.4 GHz.
Abanikazi abajabule bamadivayisi esimanje bangasebenzisa i-5 GHz frequency range.
Преимущества:
- kuneziteshi eziningi, ngakho-ke kulula ukukhetha lezo ezizothintana okungenani;
- amanye amadivaysi, njenge-Bluetooth, awalusebenzisi lolu hlu;
- ukusekelwa kweziteshi ezingama-20/40/80 MHz.
nemibi:
- Isignali yomsakazo kulobu bubanzi idlula izithiyo kahle kancane. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuthi ungabi neyodwa "i-super-punchy", kodwa amaphuzu amabili noma amathathu okufinyelela anamandla esignali anesizotha emakamelweni ahlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuzonikeza ukumbozwa okwengeziwe kunokubamba isignali eyodwa, kodwa "enamandla amakhulu".
Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, njengenjwayelo, kuvela ama-nuances. Isibonelo, amanye amadivayisi, amasistimu wokusebenza nesofthiwe zisanikeza ibhendi "emidala" engu-2.4 GHz ukuze kuxhunywe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa izinkinga zokusebenzisana nokwenza lula i-algorithm yokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi. Uma ukuxhumana kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo noma umsebenzisi akabanga naso isikhathi sokuqaphela leli qiniso, amathuba okusebenzisa ibhendi engu-5 GHz azohlala eceleni.
Umsebenzi Wokuqondisa Kweklayenti, ohlinzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo amadivayisi weklayenti ukuthi axhume ngokushesha nge-5 GHz, uzosiza ukushintsha lesi simo. Uma le bhendi ingasekelwa iklayenti, lisazokwazi ukusebenzisa i-2.4 GHz.
Lo msebenzi uyatholakala:
- ezindaweni zokufinyelela ze-Nebula ne-NebulaFlex;
- kuzilawuli zenethiwekhi ezingenantambo ze-NXC2500 ne-NXC5500;
- kuma-firewall anomsebenzi wesilawuli.
Ukwelapha Okuzenzakalelayo
Izimpikiswano eziningi zinikezwe ngenhla ezivuna ukulawulwa kwamandla okuguquguqukayo. Nokho, kusasele umbuzo onengqondo: indlela yokwenza lokhu?
Kulokhu, izilawuli zenethiwekhi ezingenazintambo ze-Zyxel zinomsebenzi okhethekile: Ukuphulukisa Okuzenzakalelayo.
Isilawuli siyisebenzisela ukuhlola isimo nokusebenza kwezindawo zokufinyelela. Uma kuvela ukuthi enye yeziteshi zokufinyelela ayisebenzi, khona-ke abangomakhelwane bazoyalwa ukuba bakhulise amandla esignali ukuze bagcwalise indawo yokuthula ephumela. Ngemva kokuba indawo yokufinyelela engekho ibuyele enkonzweni, amaphuzu angomakhelwane ayalwa ukuba anciphise amandla esignali ukuze angaphazamisi umsebenzi womunye nomunye.
Lesi sici siphinde sifakwe kulayini ozinikele wezilawuli ezingenazintambo: i-NXC2500 ne-NXC5500.
Vikela umphetho wenethiwekhi engenantambo
Izindawo zokufinyelela ezingomakhelwane ezivela kunethiwekhi ehambisanayo azigcini nje ngokudala ukuphazamiseka, kodwa futhi zingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuhlaselwa kwenethiwekhi.
Ngokulandelayo, isilawuli senethiwekhi engenantambo kufanele sibhekane nalokhu. Izilawuli ze-NXC2500 ne-NXC5500 zinamathuluzi anele ku-arsenal yazo, njengokuqinisekisa okujwayelekile kwe-WPA/WPA2-Enterprise, ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), kanye ne-firewall eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ngakho-ke, isilawuli asitholi kuphela izindawo zokufinyelela ezingagunyaziwe, kodwa futhi sivimba izenzo ezisolisayo kunethiwekhi yezinkampani, okungenzeka ukuthi ziphethe inhloso embi.
Ukutholwa kwe-Rogue AP (I-Rogue AP Containment)
Okokuqala, ake sithole ukuthi iyini i-Rogue AP.
I-Rogue APs izindawo zokufinyelela zangaphandle ezingekho ngaphansi kolawulo lomlawuli wenethiwekhi. Nokho, akhona phakathi kwebanga lenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi yebhizinisi. Isibonelo, lezi kungaba izindawo zokufinyelela zomuntu siqu zabasebenzi ezixhunywe kumasokhethi enethiwekhi yehhovisi lomsebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wenganekwane lunomphumela omubi ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi.
Eqinisweni, amadivaysi anjalo akha isiteshi soxhumano lomuntu wesithathu kunethiwekhi yebhizinisi, edlula uhlelo oluyinhloko lokuphepha.
Isibonelo, indawo yokufinyelela yangaphandle (i-RG) ayitholakali ngokusemthethweni kunethiwekhi yebhizinisi, kodwa inethiwekhi engenantambo idalwe kuyo enegama le-SSID elifanayo nakumaphoyinti okufinyelela asemthethweni. Ngenxa yalokho, iphoyinti le-RG lingasetshenziswa ukuze kunqandwe amagama ayimfihlo nolunye ulwazi olubucayi lapho amaklayenti akunethiwekhi yebhizinisi ezama ngephutha ukuxhuma kulo futhi azame ukudlulisa imininingwane yawo. Njengomphumela, izifakazelo zomsebenzisi zizokwaziwa kumnikazi wephoyinti "lobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi".
Amaphoyinti amaningi okufinyelela e-Zyxel anomsebenzi wokuskena owakhelwe ngaphakathi womsakazo ukuze uhlonze amaphoyinti angagunyaziwe.
KUBALULEKILE! Ukutholwa kwamaphoyinti angaphandle (Ukutholwa kwe-AP) kuzosebenza kuphela uma okungenani eyodwa yalezi zindawo zokufinyelela “zonogada” ilungiselelwe ukusebenza kumodi yokuqapha inethiwekhi.
Ngemuva kwephoyinti lokufinyelela le-Zyxel, lapho usebenza kwimodi yokuqapha, ithola amaphuzu angaphandle, inqubo yokuvimbela ingenziwa.
Ake sithi i-Rogue AP ilingisa indawo yokufinyelela esemthethweni. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umhlaseli angakwazi ukuphinda izilungiselelo ze-SSID yebhizinisi endaweni engamanga. Iphoyinti lokufinyelela le-Zyxel lizobe selizama ukuphazamisa umsebenzi oyingozi ngokuphazamisa ngokusakaza amaphakethe we-dummy. Lokhu kuzovimbela amaklayenti ukuthi axhume ku-Rogue AP futhi abambe izifakazelo zawo. Futhi indawo yokufinyelela “inhloli” ngeke ikwazi ukuqedela umsebenzi wayo.
Njengoba ubona, umthelela ofanayo wezindawo zokufinyelela awugcini nje ngokungenisa ukuphazamiseka okucasulayo ekusebenzeni komunye nomunye, kodwa futhi ungasetshenziswa ukuvikela ekuhlaselweni ngabahlaseli.
isiphetho
Okuqukethwe esihlokweni esifushane akusivumeli ukuthi sikhulume ngawo wonke ama-nuances. Kodwa ngisho nokubuyekezwa okusheshayo, kuyacaca ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi engenazintambo kunama-nuances athakazelisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka ukulwa nomthelela ofanayo wemithombo yesignali, kuhlanganise nokunciphisa amandla amaphuzu okufinyelela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lesignali ezingeni eliphezulu ngokwanele lokuxhumana okuzinzile.
Ungathola lokhu kungqubuzana ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ekhethekile yezilawuli zenethiwekhi ezingenantambo.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela iqiniso lokuthi i-Zyxel isebenza ukuthuthukisa konke okusiza ukufeza ukuxhumana kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindleko eziphezulu.
Imithombo
Source: www.habr.com