Namuhla, kusetshenziswe ugesi omningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezikhungo zedatha. Ngo-2013, izikhungo zedatha zase-US kuphela ezazikhona cishe amahora ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-91 wama-kilowatt-amahora wamandla, alingana nokukhishwa kwaminyaka yonke kwezitshalo ezinkulu zamandla kagesi ezingamalahle ezingama-34.
Ugesi usalokhu ungenye yezinto eziyinhloko zezindleko zezinkampani eziphethe izikhungo zedatha, yingakho zenza imizamo yokwenza kanjalo ukusebenza kahle kwengqalasizinda yekhompyutha. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe, ezinye zazo esizokhuluma ngazo namuhla.
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I-Virtualization
Uma kuziwa ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, i-virtualization inezinzuzo eziningana eziphoqayo. Okokuqala, ukuhlanganisa izinsiza ezikhona kumaseva ambalwa wehadiwe kuvumela ukonga ekulungisweni kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, okusho ukupholisa okuphansi, amandla, kanye nezindleko zesikhala. Okwesibili, i-virtualization ikuvumela ukuthi ukwandise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zehadiwe futhi ngokuguquguquka amandla abonakalayo ngesikhathi somsebenzi.
I-NRDC kanye ne-Anthesis babambe iqhaza futhi ithole ukuthi ngokushintsha amaseva angu-3100 ngokusingatha ababungazi abayi-150, izindleko zamandla zingancishiswa ngo-$2,1 wezigidi ngonyaka. Inhlangano eyayiyinto ethakaselwayo egcinwe ekugcinweni nasekuthengweni kwemishini, yehlisa abasebenzi babaphathi bohlelo, yathola isiqinisekiso sokuthola kabusha idatha uma kwenzeka kuba nezinkinga futhi yaqeda isidingo sokwakha esinye isikhungo sedatha.
Ngokwemiphumela U-Gartner, ngo-2016, izinga le-virtualization yezinkampani eziningi lizodlula i-75%, futhi imakethe ngokwayo izoba nenani lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5,6. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile ezibambezela ukwamukelwa okusakazekile kwe-virtualization. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko sihlala sinzima "sokwakha kabusha" izikhungo zedatha kumodeli entsha yokusebenza, njengoba izindleko zalokhu zivame ukudlula izinzuzo ezingaba khona.
Izinhlelo zokuphatha amandla
Izinhlelo ezinjalo zenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwesistimu yokupholisa noma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini ye-IT, okuholela ekugcineni ekunciphiseni izindleko. Kulokhu, ekhethekile , eqapha umsebenzi weseva, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko, ukusabalalisa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo umthwalo ngisho nokuvala imishini.
Olunye uhlobo lwesofthiwe yokuphathwa kwamandla amasistimu okuphathwa kwengqalasizinda yedatha yesikhungo sedatha (DCIM), asetshenziselwa ukuqapha, ukuhlaziya nokubikezela ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwemishini ehlukahlukene. Amathuluzi amaningi e-DCIM awasetshenziselwa ukuqapha ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-IT nezinye izinto zokusebenza, kodwa amasistimu amaningi eza nezibali ze-PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness). Ngokusho kwe-Intel ne-Dell DCIM, izixazululo ezinjalo U-53% wabaphathi be-IT.
Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha eziningi namuhla seziklanyelwe kakade ukonga amandla, kodwa ukuthengwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kuvame ukugcizelela kakhulu intengo yokuqala noma ukusebenza kunezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi, okushiya ihadiwe eyonga amandla isele. . Ngaphezu kokunciphisa izikweletu zamandla, imishini enjalo kanye nenani le-CO2 ekhishwayo emkhathini.
Ukucindezelwa kwedatha
Kuphinde kube nezindlela ezingacacile zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwezikhungo zedatha, isibonelo, ukunciphisa inani ledatha egcinwe. Ukucindezela idatha engavamile ukusetshenziswa yonga amandla afinyelela ku-30%, ngisho nokucabangela iqiniso lokuthi izinsiza nazo zisetshenziselwa ukucindezelwa nokuwohloka. Ukudonswa kwedatha kungabonisa umphumela okhanga nakakhulu - 40-50%. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi wesitoreji sedatha "ebandayo" nakho kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ikhubaza amaseva we-zombie
Enye yezinkinga eziholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okungasebenzi kahle ezikhungweni zedatha imishini engasebenzi. Ochwepheshe ukuthi ezinye izinkampani azikwazi ukulinganisa ngokwangempela inani elidingekayo lezinsiza, kuyilapho ezinye zithenga umthamo weseva ngeso lesikhathi esizayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, cishe ama-30% amaseva awasebenzi, adla ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngonyaka.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho kocwaningo, abaphathi be-IT khomba kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-30% wamaseva afakiwe, kodwa ungawasusi amathuluzi, wesaba imiphumela engaba khona. Bangu-14% kuphela abaphenduli abagcine amarekhodi eziphakeli ezingasetshenziswa futhi abazi inombolo yabo elinganiselwe.
Enye inketho yokuxazulula le nkinga ukusebenzisa amafu omphakathi ngemodeli yokukhokha njengoba uhamba, lapho inkampani ikhokha kuphela umthamo osetshenzisiwe ngempela. Izinkampani eziningi sezivele zisebenzisa lolu hlelo, futhi umnikazi wesikhungo sedatha ye-Aligned Energy e-Plano, eTexas, uthi sivumela amakhasimende ukuthi onge u-30 kuya ku-50% ngonyaka.
Ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu kwesikhungo sedatha
Ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kwesikhungo sedatha i-microclimate yegumbi lapho imishini ikhona. Ukuze amayunithi okupholisa asebenze kahle, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okubandayo ngokuhlukanisa igumbi lesikhungo sedatha endaweni yangaphandle futhi uvimbele ukudluliswa kokushisa ngezindonga, usilingi naphansi. Indlela enhle kakhulu i-vapor barrier, ebuye ilawule izinga lomswakama ekamelweni.
Umswakamo ophakeme kakhulu ungaholela emaphutheni ahlukahlukene ekusebenzeni kwemishini, ukwanda kokuguga nokugqwala, kuyilapho umswakama ophansi kakhulu ungaholela ekukhishweni kwe-electrostatic. inquma izinga elilungile lomswakamo ohlobene wesikhungo sedatha ebangeni elisuka ku-40 kuye ku-55%.
Ukusatshalaliswa kokugeleza komoya okusebenzayo nakho kungasindisa u-20-25% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukubekwa kahle kwama-racks wemishini kuzosiza kulokhu: ukuhlukanisa amagumbi ekhompiyutha esikhungo sedatha abe amaphasishi “abandayo” kanye “ashisayo”. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwamaphaseji: faka amapuleti ane-perforated ezindaweni ezidingekayo futhi usebenzise amaphaneli angenalutho phakathi kwemigqa yamaseva ukuvimbela ukuxubana kokugeleza komoya.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucabangela hhayi kuphela indawo yemishini, kodwa futhi indawo yesimiso sezulu. Lapho uhlukanisa ihholo libe amaphasishi “abandayo” “nakushisa”, kufanele kufakwe ama-air conditioner ngendlela ehambisana nokugeleza komoya oshisayo ukuze kunqandwe ukuthi lawakamuva angangeni ephasishi enomoya obandayo.
Isici esibaluleke ngokulinganayo sokuphatha okushisayo okuphumelelayo esikhungweni sedatha ukubekwa kwezintambo, ezingavimbela ukugeleza komoya, ukunciphisa ukucindezela okumile kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kwemishini ye-IT. Isimo singalungiswa ngokuhambisa amathreyi ekhebula ngaphansi kwesitezi esiphakanyisiwe eduze nophahla.
Ukupholisa okungokwemvelo noketshezi
Enye indlela enhle kakhulu yezinhlelo ezizinikele zokulawula isimo sezulu ukupholisa kwemvelo, okungasetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezibandayo. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe benza kube nokwenzeka ukushintshela ekusebenziseni i-economizer uma isimo sezulu sivuma. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yi-Battelle Laboratories, ukupholisa mahhala kunciphisa izindleko zamandla esikhungo sedatha ngo-13%.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zochwepheshe bezomnotho: labo abasebenzisa umoya owomile kuphela, nalabo abasebenzisa ukuchelela okwengeziwe lapho umoya upholile ngokwanele. Amanye amasistimu angahlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezomnotho ukuze akhe amasistimu okupholisa anamazinga amaningi.
Kodwa izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya ngokuvamile azisebenzi ngenxa yokuxuba ukugeleza komoya noma ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa ukushisa okweqile okukhishiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwezinhlelo ezinjalo kuvame ukuhlanganisa izindleko ezengeziwe zokuhlunga umoya nokuqapha njalo.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukupholisa uketshezi kwenza umsebenzi wako kangcono. Omele umthengisi waseDenmark u-Asetek, onguchwepheshe ekudalweni kwezinhlelo zokupholisa uketshezi zamaseva, uJohn Hamill, lolo ketshezi lusebenza kahle ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-4 mayelana nokugcina nokudlulisa ukushisa kunomoya. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okwenziwe yiLabhorethri Kazwelonke i-Lawrence Berkeley ngokubambisana ne-American Power Conversion Corporation kanye ne-Silicon Valley Leadership Group, , ukuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokupholisa uketshezi kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi kusuka kumbhoshongo wokupholisa, kwezinye izimo, ukonga amandla kufinyelele ku-50%.
Obunye ubuchwepheshe
Namuhla, kunezindawo ezintathu ukuthuthukiswa kwazo okuzosiza ukwenza izikhungo zedatha zisebenze kahle: ukusetshenziswa kwama-multi-core processors, amasistimu okupholisa ahlanganisiwe kanye nokupholisa ezingeni le-chip.
Abakhiqizi bekhompiyutha bakholelwa ukuthi ama-multi-core processors, ngokuqeda imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esifushane, azonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla eseva ngo-40%. Isibonelo sokuphumelela kwesistimu yokupholisa ehlanganisiwe yisisombululo se-CoolFrame esivela ku-Egenera kanye ne-Emerson Network Power. Kuthatha umoya oshisayo ophuma kumaseva, uwupholise futhi "uwuphonsa" ekamelweni, ngaleyo ndlela unciphise umthwalo ohlelweni oluyinhloko ngo-23%.
Mayelana ukupholisa i-chip, kuvumela ukushisa ukuthi kudluliswe ngokuqondile kusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo zeseva, njengamayunithi okucubungula amaphakathi, amayunithi okucubungula izithombe, namamojula enkumbulo, kungene emoyeni ozungezile werack noma ngaphandle kwegumbi lomshini.
Ukwanda kokusebenza kahle kwamandla kuye kwaba umkhuba wangempela namuhla, okungamangazi, uma kubhekwa umthamo wokusetshenziswa kwezikhungo zedatha: 25-40% yazo zonke izindleko zokusebenza zivela ekukhokheni izikweletu zikagesi. Kodwa inkinga enkulu ukuthi ihora ngalinye le-kilowatt elidliwe yimishini ye-IT liguqulwa libe ukushisa, bese lisuswa yimishini yokupholisa enamandla kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni ezayo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezikhungo zedatha ngeke kuyeke ukufaneleka - izindlela ezintsha zokwandisa amandla okusebenza kahle kwezikhungo zedatha zizovela.
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Source: www.habr.com