Sanibonani nonke! Igama lami ngingu-Lyudmila Makarova, ngingumphathi wokuthuthukiswa kwe-UBRD futhi ingxenye yesithathu yeqembu lami "yi-generalists".
Kuvume: yonke i-Tech Lead iphupha ngokusebenza okuphambene phakathi kweqembu labo. Kuhle kakhulu lapho umuntu oyedwa ekwazi ukushintsha abathathu, futhi akwenze ngokuphumelelayo, ngaphandle kokubambezeleka kwezinsuku zokugcina. Futhi, okubalulekile, isindisa izinsiza!
Kuzwakala kulinga kakhulu, kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela? Ake sizame ukukuqonda.
Ungubani, umanduleli wethu wamathemba?
Igama elithi “generalist” ngokuvamile libhekisela kumalungu eqembu ahlanganisa indima engaphezu kweyodwa, isibonelo, umhlaziyi wonjiniyela.
Ukusebenzisana kweqembu kanye nomphumela womsebenzi walo kuncike ezimfanelweni zochwepheshe nezomuntu siqu zabahlanganyeli.
Konke kucacile ngamakhono aqinile, kodwa amakhono athambile adinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Basiza ekutholeni indlela yesisebenzi futhi bamqondise emsebenzini lapho ezoba wusizo khona kakhulu.
Kunemibhalo eminingi emayelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zobuntu embonini ye-IT. Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, ngingahlukanisa ama-generalists e-IT abe yizigaba ezine:
1. “Universal – Somandla”
Lezi zikhona yonke indawo. Bahlale bekhuthele, bafuna ukuba yisizinda sokunakwa, bahlale bebuza ozakwabo uma bedinga usizo lwabo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bangase bacasule. Banentshisekelo kuphela emisebenzini enenjongo, ukubamba iqhaza okuzonikeza indawo yokusungula futhi kungahlekisa ukuziqhenya kwabo.
Baqine kuphi:
- bayakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi;
- ngena ujule enkingeni, "mba" futhi uzuze imiphumela;
- ube nengqondo ethanda ukwazi.
Kodwa:
- ukukhathala ngokomzwelo;
- ukuphathwa kabi;
- babe nombono wabo onganyakazi, okunzima kakhulu ukuwushintsha;
- Kunzima ukuthola umuntu enze into elula. Imisebenzi elula ilimaza i-ego kasomandla.
2. "Universal - ngizokucacisa futhi ngikwenze"
Abantu abanjalo badinga nje incwadi kanye nesikhathi esincane - futhi bazoxazulula inkinga. Ngokuvamile banesizinda esiqinile ku-DevOps. Ama-generalists anjalo awazihluphi ngokuklama futhi akhetha ukusebenzisa indlela yokuthuthukisa esekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kuphela. Bangaba nengxoxo kalula nabaholayo bezobuchwepheshe mayelana nenketho ekhethiwe yokwenza umsebenzi.
Baqine kuphi:
- ezimele;
- ukumelana nokucindezeleka;
- nekhono ezindabeni eziningi;
- erudite - kukhona njalo okuthile ukukhuluma nabo.
Kodwa:
- ngokuvamile ukwephula izibopho;
- kuvame ukuhlanganisa yonke into: xazulula ithebula lokuphindaphinda ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye;
- izinga lomsebenzi liphansi, konke kusebenza izikhathi ezingu-2-3;
- Bahlala beshintsha izikhathi ezibekiwe, ngoba empeleni yonke into ayilula kangako.
3. "Universal - kulungile, ake ngikwenze, ngoba akekho omunye"
Isisebenzi sinolwazi oluningi emikhakheni eminingi futhi sinolwazi olufanele. Kodwa uyehluleka ukuba uchwepheshe kunoma iyiphi yazo, ngoba uvame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuphila, evala izimbobo emisebenzini yamanje. Uyathandeka, uyasebenza, uzibheka njengesidingo, kodwa akunjalo.
Isisebenzi esikahle esisebenzayo. Ngokunokwenzeka, unesiqondiso asithanda kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokufiphala kwamakhono, ukuthuthukiswa akwenzeki. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu usengozini yokungafunwa futhi ashiswe ngokomzwelo.
Baqine kuphi:
- bophezela;
- okubhekiswe kumphumela;
- ezolile;
- kulawulwa ngokuphelele.
Kodwa:
- khombisa imiphumela emaphakathi ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lamakhono;
- ayikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi nezingabonakali.
4. “Umjikelezi yingcweti yomsebenzi wakhe”
Umuntu onesizinda esibucayi njengonjiniyela unezinhlelo zokucabanga. I-Pedantic, efuna yena neqembu lakhe. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi ohilela yena ungakhula unomphela uma imingcele inganqunywa.
Ujwayelene kahle nezakhiwo, ukhetha indlela yokuqaliswa kwezobuchwepheshe, ehlaziya ngokucophelela umthelela wesixazululo esikhethiwe ekwakhiweni kwamanje. Isizotha, hhayi isifiso sokuvelela.
Baqine kuphi:
- khombisa izinga eliphezulu lomsebenzi;
- ekwazi ukuxazulula noma iyiphi inkinga;
- esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Kodwa:
- ongabekezeleli imibono yabanye;
- ama-maximalist. Bazama ukwenza yonke into ngendlela efanele, futhi lokhu kwandisa isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa.
Yini esinayo ekusebenzeni?
Ake sibone ukuthi izindima nekhono kuvamise kuhlanganiswa kanjani. Ake sithathe ithimba lokuthuthukisa elijwayelekile njengesiqalo: I-PO, umphathi wokuthuthukiswa (i-tech lead), abahlaziyi, abahleli bezinhlelo, abahloli. Ngeke sicabangele umnikazi womkhiqizo nokuhola kwezobuchwepheshe. Okokuqala kungenxa yokuntuleka kwamakhono ezobuchwepheshe. Owesibili, uma kunezinkinga eqenjini, kufanele akwazi ukwenza yonke into.
Inketho evame kakhulu yokuhlanganisa/ukuhlanganisa/ukuhlanganisa amakhono i-developer-analyst. Umhlaziyi wokuhlola kanye “nabathathu kokukodwa” nabo bavame kakhulu.
Ngisebenzisa ithimba lami njengesibonelo, ngizokukhombisa ubuhle nobubi babanye engisebenza nabo. Kukhona ingxenye yesithathu yabo eqenjini lami, futhi ngibathanda kakhulu.
I-PO ithole umsebenzi ophuthumayo wokwethula amanani amasha emkhiqizweni okhona. Ithimba lami linabahlaziyi aba-4. Ngaleso sikhathi, omunye wayeseholidini, omunye egula, kanti bonke abanye babematasa ekwenzeni imisebenzi yamasu. Uma ngizikhipha, kuzophazamisa nakanjani izinsuku eziwumnqamulajuqu zokuqalisa. Kwakunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma: ukusebenzisa “isikhali esiyimfihlo” - umhlaziyi wonjiniyela onemisebenzi eminingi owazi kahle isihloko esidingekayo. Ake simbize ngokuthi u-Anatoly.
Uhlobo lobuntu bakhe "konke - ngizokucacisa futhi ngikwenze". Yebo, wazama isikhathi eside ukuchaza ukuthi “unokushiyeka okugcwele kwemisebenzi yakhe,” kodwa ngesinqumo sami esiqinile wathunyelwa ukuzoxazulula inkinga ephuthumayo. Futhi u-Anatoly wakwenza! Wenza isiteji futhi waqeda ukuqaliswa ngesikhathi, futhi amakhasimende anelisekile.
Uma uthi nhlá, konke kwalunga. Kodwa ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, izidingo zokuthuthukisa zavela futhi kulo mkhiqizo. Manje ukwakhiwa kwale nkinga kwenziwa umhlaziyi "ohlanzekile". Esigabeni sokuhlola intuthuko entsha, isikhathi eside sasingakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani sasinamaphutha ekuxhumaniseni amanani amasha, futhi kulapho kuphela, ngemva kokudalula yonke le nkinga, safika ekugcineni kweqiniso. Samosha isikhathi esiningi futhi saphuthelwa yizinsuku zokugcina.
Inkinga yayiwukuthi izikhathi eziningi ezicashile nezingibe zazihlala ekhanda lenqola yethu kuphela futhi azizange zidluliselwe ephepheni. Njengoba u-Anatoly achaza kamuva, wayejahe kakhulu. Kodwa inketho okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uhlangabezane nezinkinga kakade ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka futhi wamane wazidlula ngaphandle kokubonisa lokhu noma kuphi.
Kwaba nesinye isimo. Manje sesinomhloli oyedwa kuphela, ngakho-ke eminye imisebenzi kufanele ihlolwe abahlaziyi, okuhlanganisa nama-generalists. Ngakho-ke, nginikeze umsebenzi owodwa ku-Fedor enemibandela - "konke - kulungile, ake ngikwenze, ngoba akekho omunye".
I-Fedor "izintathu kokukodwa", kodwa unjiniyela usevele wabelwe lo msebenzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uFedya kwakudingeka ahlanganise umhlaziyi kanye nomhloli kuphela.
Izidingo ziqoqiwe, imininingwane ithunyelwe ekuthuthukisweni, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola. UFedor uyazi ukuthi uhlelo lulungiswa “njengengemuva lesandla sakhe” futhi usesebenzile kahle izidingo zamanje. Ngakho-ke, akazange azihluphe ngokubhala izikripthi zokuhlola, kodwa wenza ukuhlolwa kokuthi "isistimu kufanele isebenze kanjani", wabe esedlulisela kubasebenzisi.
Ukuhlolwa kwaqedwa, ukubuyekezwa kwaya ekukhiqizeni. Kamuva kwavela ukuthi uhlelo aluzange lumise kuphela izinkokhelo kuma-akhawunti athile ebhalansi, kodwa futhi luvimbe izinkokhelo ezivela kuma-akhawunti angaphakathi angavamile kakhulu okwakungafanele abambe iqhaza kulokhu.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi uFedor akazange ahlole ukuthi "uhlelo akufanele lusebenze", akazange enze uhlelo lokuhlola noma izinhlu zokuhlola. Wanquma ukonga isikhathi futhi athembele emizweni yakhe engokwemvelo.
Sibhekana kanjani nezinkinga?
Izimo ezifana nalezi zinomthelela ekusebenzeni kweqembu, ikhwalithi yokukhishwa, nokwaneliseka kwekhasimende. Ngakho-ke, azikwazi ukushiywa ngaphandle kokunakwa nokuhlaziywa kwezizathu.
1. Ngomsebenzi ngamunye obangele ubunzima, ngicela ukuthi ugcwalise ifomu elihlanganisiwe: imephu yephutha, ekuvumela ukuthi ukhombe isigaba lapho "ukudweba phansi" kwenzeke khona:
2. Ngemva kokuhlonza izingqinamba, iseshini yokubonisana iyabanjwa nesisebenzi ngasinye esibe nomthelela enkingeni: “Yini okumele ishintshwe?” (asicabangi izimo ezikhethekile uma sibheka emuva), njengomphumela wokuthi kuzalwa izenzo ezithile (eziqondene nohlobo ngalunye lomuntu) ezinezinsuku zokugcina.
3. Sethule imithetho yokusebenzisana ngaphakathi kweqembu. Isibonelo, sivumelene ngokuthi kufanele siqophe lonke ulwazi mayelana nokuqhubeka komsebenzi ohlelweni lokuphatha iphrojekthi. Uma ama-artifact eshintshwa/ akhonjwa phakathi nenqubo yokuthuthukiswa, lokhu kufanele kubonakale kusisekelo solwazi kanye nenguqulo yokugcina yemininingwane yobuchwepheshe.
4. Ukulawula kwaqala ukwenziwa esigabeni ngasinye (ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhwa ezigabeni eziyinkinga esikhathini esidlule) futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yomsebenzi olandelayo.
5. Uma umphumela womsebenzi olandelayo ungashintshile, khona-ke angifaki umbuzo we-generalist endimeni abhekana nayo kabi. Ngizama ukuhlola ikhono nesifiso sakhe sokuthuthukisa amakhono kule ndima. Uma ngingayitholi impendulo, ngimshiya endimeni eseduze naye.
Kwenzekani ekugcineni?
Inqubo yokuthuthukisa ibe sobala kakhulu. Isici seBHASI sehlile. Amalungu eqembu, esebenza ngamaphutha, aba nomdlandla futhi athuthukise i-karma yawo. Kancane kancane sithuthukisa ikhwalithi yokukhishwa kwethu.
okutholakele
Abasebenzi be-Generalist banokuhle nokubi.
Amapulangwe:
- ungavala umsebenzi wokuwohloka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi noma uxazulule iphutha eliphuthumayo ngesikhathi esifushane;
- indlela edidiyelwe yokuxazulula inkinga: umenzi uyibheka ngombono wazo zonke izindima;
- ama-generalists angenza cishe yonke into ngokulinganayo.
nemibi:
- I-BUS factor iyanda;
- amakhono asemqoka ahambisana nendima ayachithwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lomsebenzi liyehla;
- amathuba okuthi kushintshwe izikhathi eziwumnqamulajuqu ayanda, ngoba akukho ukulawula esigabeni ngasinye. Kukhona nezingozi zokukhulisa “inkanyezi”: isisebenzi siyazethemba ukuthi sazi kangcono ukuthi siyingcweti;
- ingozi yokutubeka kochwepheshe iyanda;
- ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile mayelana nephrojekthi lungahlala kuphela "ekhanda" lesisebenzi.
Njengoba ubona, kukhona ukushiyeka okwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ngisebenzisa ama-generalists kuphela uma zingekho izinsiza ezanele futhi umsebenzi uphuthuma kakhulu. Noma umuntu enamakhono abanye abangenawo, kodwa izinga lisengozini.
Uma umthetho wokusabalalisa izindima ubonwa emsebenzini ohlangene emsebenzini, izinga lomsebenzi liyakhula. Sibheka izinkinga ngama-engeli ahlukene, umbono wethu awufiphalisiwe, imicabango emisha ivela njalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ilungu ngalinye leqembu linalo lonke ithuba lokukhula kochwepheshe kanye nokwandisa amakhono abo.
Ngikholelwa ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzizwa uhileleke ohlelweni, ukwenza umsebenzi wakho, kancane kancane ukwandisa ububanzi bamakhono akho. Nokho, ama-generalists eqenjini aletha izinzuzo: into eyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bahlanganisa ngempumelelo izindima ezahlukene.
Ngifisela wonke umuntu ithimba elizihlelayo "labaphathi bomhlaba wonke bomsebenzi wabo wezandla"!
Source: www.habr.com