Ukuvalelwa, ukuzehlukanisa - lezi zici zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwebhizinisi ku-inthanethi. Izinkampani zishintsha umqondo wokuxhumana namakhasimende, izinsizakalo ezintsha ziyavela. Lokhu kunezinzuzo zako. Futhi ake ezinye izinhlangano zibuyele kufomethi yendabuko yomsebenzi ngokushesha nje lapho yonke imikhawulo isisusiwe. Kodwa abaningi abaye bakwazi ukwazisa izinzuzo ze-Internet bazoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa i-inthanethi. Lokhu, kuzovumela izinkampani eziningi ze-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa nezinsizakalo zamafu, ukuthi zithuthuke. Aqala kanjani amafu kwasekuqaleni? I-Cloud4Y ikwethulela umlando omfushane nolula kakhulu wokuthuthukiswa komkhakha.
Ukuzalwa
Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokucacile usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa lwe-cloud computing. Kodwa indawo yokuqala ibhekwa njenge-2006, lapho i-CEO yakwa-Google u-Eric Schmidt ekhuluma engxoxweni ekupheleni kweNgqungquthela ye-Search Engine Strategies: "Sibona imodeli entsha yezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha ezalwa phambi kwamehlo ethu, futhi kubonakala kimi. ukuthi abekho abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuqonda umbono ovelayo. Ingqikithi yayo ukuthi izinsiza ezisekela idatha nezakhiwo zisingathwa kumaseva akude. Idatha ikulezi ziphakeli, futhi izibalo ezidingekayo zenziwa kuzo... Futhi uma unekhompuyutha, ikhompuyutha ephathekayo, umakhalekhukhwini noma enye idivayisi enamalungelo okufinyelela afanelekile, ungakwazi ukufinyelela leli fu."
Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-Amazon yabona ukuthi umsebenzi wayo ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain kanye nezitolo yenza intuthuko enkulu ezinsizeni ze-IT zengqalasizinda ezisebenziseka kalula. Isibonelo, ikhompyutha noma isitoreji sesizindalwazi. Ngakho kungani ungazami ukuqala ukwenza inzuzo ngokunikeza lezi zinsizakalo kumakhasimende? Yile ndlela i-Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud yazalwa ngayo, eyandulela i-Amazon Web Services (AWS), umhlinzeki wesevisi wamafu ongenazinkinga kodwa owaziwa kakhulu.
Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, i-AWS yabusa phezulu emakethe ye-computing yamafu, ishiya ezinye izinkampani (ezincane kakhulu) zinesabelo esincane kuphela semakethe. Kodwa ngo-2010, ezinye iziqhwaga ze-IT zabona ukuthi nazo zingasebenzisa ibhizinisi lamafu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi nakuba iGoogle yafinyelela kulesi siphetho ngaphambili, yashaywa yiMicrosoft, eyamemezela ukwethulwa kwefu lomphakathi (iWindows Azure) ngo-2008. Nokho, empeleni i-Azure yaqala ukusebenza ngoFebhuwari 2010 kuphela. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ukukhululwa kwephrojekthi ebalulekile ye-cloud sphere kanye nomqondo we-Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - OpenStack - kwenzeka. Ngokuqondene ne-Google, iqale ukuzamazama ekupheleni kuka-2011, lapho i-Google Cloud ivela ngemva kwe-beta enwetshiwe ye-Google App Engine.
Amathuluzi amasha
Wonke lawa mafu akhiwe kusetshenziswa imishini ebonakalayo (ama-VM), kodwa ukuphatha ama-VM kusetshenziswa amathuluzi e-sysadmin endabuko kwakuyinselele. Isixazululo kwaba ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-DevOps. Lo mqondo uhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe, izinqubo kanye nesiko lokusebenzisana ngaphakathi kweqembu. Kalula nje, i-DevOps iyisethi yemikhuba egxile ekubambisaneni okuseduze phakathi kochwepheshe bezokuthuthukiswa kanye nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bolwazi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okufanayo kwezinqubo zabo zomsebenzi.
Siyabonga ku-DevOps kanye nemibono yokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo, ukulethwa okuqhubekayo nokuthunyelwa okuqhubekayo (CI/CD), ifu lithole ukushesha ekuqaleni kwawo-2010 elisize libe umkhiqizo ophumelelayo kwezohwebo.
Enye indlela yokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo (mhlawumbe uqagele ukuthi sikhuluma ngeziqukathi) yaqala ukuthandwa ngo-2013. Ishintshe kakhulu izinqubo eziningi ezindaweni zamafu, okunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) kanye ne-Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS). Yebo, ukufakwa kweziqukathi kwakungebona ubuchwepheshe obusha obunjalo, kodwa ngonyaka ka-2013, i-Docker yenza ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza namaseva kube lula futhi kube lula ngokunikela ngeziqukathi kubahlinzeki bamafu kanye nemboni iyonke.
Iziqukathi kanye ne-Serverless Architecture
Isinyathelo esinengqondo kwakuwukuthuthukisa lobu buchwepheshe, futhi ngo-2015, i-Kubernetes, ithuluzi lokuphatha iziqukathi, yavela. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uKubernetes waba indinganiso ye-orchestration yeziqukathi. Ukuthandwa kwayo kubhebhezele ukwanda kwamafu ayingxubevange. Uma ngaphambilini amafu anjalo asebenzisa isofthiwe engalungile eyenzelwe eminye imisebenzi ukuhlanganisa amafu omphakathi kanye nangasese, khona-ke ngosizo lwe-Kubernetes, ukudala amafu we-hybrid sekuyinto elula.
Ngasikhathi sinye (ngo-2014), i-AWS yethula umqondo wekhompiyutha engenaseva ngeLambda. Kule modeli, ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza akwethulwa emishinini ebonakalayo noma ezitsheni, kodwa njengezinsizakalo ezinkulu emafini. Indlela entsha nayo ibe nomthelela ekukhuleni kwe-cloud computing.
Yile ndlela esifike ngayo ngokushesha esikhathini sethu. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ifu laliqondwa ngendlela ehlukile, futhi umqondo ngokwawo wawuwukucatshangelwa kakhulu kunowangempela. Uma ungathatha noma iyiphi i-CIO eyindilinga endaweni engenalutho kusukela ngo-2010 futhi umbuze ukuthi uhlela yini ukuthuthela efwini, singahleka. Lo mbono wawuyingozi kakhulu, unesibindi, futhi umangalisa.
Namuhla, ngo-2020, konke kuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "sibonga" igciwane elisha, izindawo zamafu zaba yinto yokunakwa kakhulu kwezinkampani, empeleni, ezingacabangi ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo. Futhi labo abasebenzisa izixazululo zamafu ngaphambili bakwazi ukudambisa igalelo ebhizinisini labo. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-CIO angase angasabuzwa ukuthi ahlela yini ukuthuthela emafini. Futhi mayelana nendlela aphatha ngayo ifu lakhe, yimaphi amathuluzi awasebenzisayo nokuthi yini engekho.
Isikhathi sethu
Singalindela ukuthi isimo samanje sezindaba sizoholela ekuveleni kwamathuluzi amasha akhulisa ukusebenza nokuguquguquka kwezindawo zamafu. Silandela intuthuko ngentshisekelo.
Sithanda ukuphawula elinye iphuzu: ibhizinisi, okwathi nangaphambi kokuba ubhubhane lunikeze insizakalo yokudlulisa izinqubo zebhizinisi zezinkampani “ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi” ku-inthanethi, lizama ukuheha amakhasimende amasha ngokunikeza izimo ezikhethekile. Cloud4Y, isibonelo, izipeshelikuze kube yizinyanga ezimbili. Ezinye izinkampani nazo zinamadili amnandi okungaba nzima ukuzithola ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa ye-digitalization yebhizinisi, osopolitiki abakhulume ngakho kakhulu, izimo ezinhle kakhulu manje sezenziwe - thatha futhi uyisebenzise, uvivinye futhi uhlole.
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Bhalisela yethu -isiteshi ukuze ungaphuthelwa yisihloko esilandelayo. Asibhali ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngesonto futhi ngebhizinisi kuphela.
Source: www.habr.com