Faka ideskithophu ye-Linux ku-Android

Sawubona, Habr! Ngethula ekunakeni kwakho ukuhunyushwa kwesihloko esivela kumagazini we-APC.

Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ukufakwa okuphelele kwendawo yokusebenza ye-Linux kanye nemvelo yedeskithophu eyisithombe kumadivayisi we-Android.

Obunye bobuchwepheshe obubalulekile obusetshenziswa amasistimu amaningi e-Linux ku-Android izimpande. Lokhu ukuqaliswa kwesikhala somsebenzisi kwensiza ye-chroot, edume kakhulu kumadeskithophu we-Linux namaseva. Nokho, ithuluzi le-chroot lidinga izimvume zomsebenzisi wezimpande, ezingatholakali ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Android. I-pRoot inikeza le nzuzo ngokusungula ukubophezela kwemibhalo.

Amatheminali e-Linux

Akuwona wonke ama-terminal emulators e-Linux e-Android anesethi yezinsiza ze-BusyBox, ngokungafani, isibonelo, i-Termux. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi iphuzu lonke lezinhlelo ezinjalo ukuhlinzeka ngokufakwa "okugcwele" kwazo zonke izingxenye ze-OS, kuyilapho i-BusyBox yakhelwe ukufingqa zonke izinsiza ezivamile zibe ifayela elilodwa kanambambili. Kumasistimu angenayo i-BusyBox efakiwe, kusetshenziswa i-Linux bootstrap, equkethe izinguqulo ezigcwele zezinhlelo.
"

Setha ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi yokusabalalisa kanye ne-VNC ku-UserLand.

Nokho, lezi zinhlelo ziqukethe ubuchwepheshe obengeziwe obungadingi i-Termux. Lesi sihloko sizofaka ukufakwa okuphelele kokusatshalaliswa kweLinux, kanye nedeskithophu ye-GUI. Kodwa okokuqala udinga ukukhetha indlela yokufaka isistimu yehluzo.

I-Linux ku-Android

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amaphakheji esofthiwe esizowafaka asebenza endaweni yomsebenzisi.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi banemvume kuphela yomsebenzisi wamanje, okuthi esimweni se-Android OS ehlale engumsebenzisi ojwayelekile, i.e. ayinawo amalungelo omlawuli. Nokho, ukuze sifake ideskithophu ye-Linux, sizodinga ukufaka iseva yezithombe ezifana ne-X noma i-Wayland. Uma sikwenze lokhu endaweni yokusebenza ye-Linux, izosebenza njengomsebenzisi ojwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuba nokufinyelela kungqimba lwezithombe ze-Android OS. Ngakho-ke kufanele sibheke ekufakeni iseva ngendlela “ejwayelekile” ye-Android, ukuze ikwazi ukufinyelela ihadiwe kanye nekhono lokusekela indawo enemifanekiso.

Abantu abahlakaniphile emphakathini wonjiniyela baqhamuke nezixazululo ezimbili kule nkinga. Esokuqala ukusebenzisa izinguqulo zakho ze-Linux (imvamisa i-Server X). Uma seziqale ukusebenza ngemuva, uzokwazi ukufinyelela le nqubo yangemuva nge-VNC. Uma idivayisi yakho ye-Android isivele inohlelo lokubuka lwe-VNC lokusebenzelana nokukude namanye amakhompyutha, vele uyisebenzisele ukuthola ukufinyelela ukude kumsingathi wendawo. Lesi yisixazululo esilula ukusisebenzisa, kodwa abanye abasebenzisi babike ubunzima ngohlelo.

Inketho yesibili ukufaka iseva eklanyelwe amadivayisi we-Android ngokuqondile. Amanye amaseva ayatholakala ku-Google Play Isitolo ngezinguqulo ezikhokhelwayo nezimahhala. Ngaphambi kokufaka, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi inketho ekhethiwe iyasekelwa yini noma okungenani iyasebenza ne-Linux yesofthiwe yephakheji ye-Android ozoyifaka. Sincamele isistimu ye-X-Server, ngakho-ke sasebenzisa iphakheji yesofthiwe ye-XServer XSDL (isixhumanisi). Lesi sihloko sizochaza inqubo yokufaka yale seva, nakuba ingase yehluke kancane uma unolunye uhlelo lokusebenza olufakiwe noma usebenzisa i-VNC.

Ukukhetha isistimu

Njengoba kunjalo nge-X-Server, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa ku-Google Play Isitolo zokufaka ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux. Lapha, njengaku-Termux, sizogxila ezinkethweni ezingadingi amalungelo abasebenzisi abakhulu, okubuye kubandakanye izinga elithile lobungozi. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zihlinzeka ngakho konke ukusebenza okudingwa iningi labasebenzisi ngenkathi ugcina idatha yakho iphephile. Ngezansi kunezibonelo zezinhlelo ezinjalo ku-Google Play Isitolo:

- UmsebenzisiLand: Inketho edume kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Uhlelo lokusebenza luhlanganisa isethi yokusabalalisa okuvamile: i-Debian, Ubuntu, i-Arch ne-Kali. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi naphezu kokuntuleka kwezinketho ezisekelwe ku-RPM, i-UserLAnd ihlanganisa i-Alpine Linux yamadivayisi anememori encane.

- I-AnLinux: Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusiza ekufakeni uhlu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lokusatshalaliswa okukhulu futhi lungafaka phakathi Ubuntu/Debian, Fedora/CentOS, openSUSE kanye neKali. Lapho ungaphinda ukhethe izinketho zedeskithophu ezibiza kancane: Xfce4, MATE, LXQtand LXDE. Ukuze usebenze, i-Termux kufanele ifakwe, futhi isistimu yokusebenza ye-Android kufanele ibe ngu-5.0 noma ngaphezulu.

- I-Andronix ifana kakhulu ne-AnLinux. Kungenzeka yakhelwe kangcono kunohlelo lokusebenza lwangaphambilini, kodwa isekela ukusatshalaliswa okumbalwa.

- I-GNURoot WheezyX: Le phrojekthi iqale njengokuhlukile kwe-Linux ku-Android futhi yakhelwe izinhlelo zomthombo ovulekile. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, igxile ekusatshalalisweni kwe-Debian, kuyilapho 'X' ekugcineni isho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luqondiswe kudeskithophu yezithombe. Futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abadali bayeke ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi ngenxa ye-UserLAnd, i-GNURoot WheezyX isatholakala ku-Google Play Isitolo uma kukhona oyidingayo.

Ababhali balesi sihloko bazosebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lomsebenzisiLand ukufaka ideskithophu ye-Linux ku-Android, futhi kunezizathu ezimbalwa zalokhu. Okokuqala, uhlelo lokusebenza luwumthombo ovulekile (yize i-AnLinux nayo). Okwesibili, inikeza ukukhetha okuhle kokusabalalisa (yize ingabandakanyi i-Fedora noma i-CentOS), futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ufake ukusabalalisa ngezidingo ezincane zesistimu ezingeke zithathe isikhala esiningi kumemori ye-smartphone yakho. Kodwa inzuzo enkulu ye-UserLAnd ukuthi inamathuluzi okusekela okufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ngazinye esikhundleni sokusatshalaliswa konke. Sizothola ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini kithi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Manje masifake i-UserLAnd kudivayisi yakho.

UmsebenzisiLand isicelo

Landa uhlelo lokusebenza ku-Google Play noma ku-F-Droid (isixhumanisi) ku-Android OS. Ifaka njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokusebenza - awudingi ukwenza okuthile okukhethekile lapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, yethule ekhabetheni lohlelo lokusebenza.

Into yokuqala ozoyibona kukhona uhlu lokusatshalaliswa. Ekugcineni ungathola izinketho ezimbalwa zedeskithophu: i-LXDE ne-Xfce4. Ifinyezwa uhlelo lokusebenza lweFirefox, imidlalo embalwa kanye nezinsiza ezimbalwa zasehhovisi: i-GIMP, i-Inkscape ne-LibreOfce. Le thebhu ibizwa ngokuthi "Izinhlelo zokusebenza". Ihloselwe ukufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Uma usufake okuthile, ukufakwa okuhambisanayo ngakho kuzovela kuthebhu ethi “Session”. Lapha ungaqala noma umise iseshini yamanje, futhi ubuke izinqubo ezisebenzayo.

“Amasistimu wefayela” iyithebhu yokugcina ebonisa ukufaka osekuqediwe. Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi ngemva kokususa noma iyiphi into ku-Filesystems, ulwazi ngayo luzosulwa kuthebhu ye-Session, okuyinto, nokho, engafakazeli ngenye indlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungakwazi ukudala iseshini entsha ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwamanje lwamafayela. Kulula kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi lobu budlelwano busebenza kanjani uma ububona busebenza, ngakho-ke sizoqala ngokufaka uhlelo lokusebenza endaweni yesistimu yomsebenzisiLand.


Ngaphambi kokufaka ukusatshalaliswa ku-smartphone yakho, kufanele unikeze UmsebenzisiLand ukufinyelela endaweni yokugcina.

Ukusabalalisa ku-UserLand

Khetha okukodwa kokusabalalisa okutholakala kusikrini sezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze ukufake kudivayisi yakho. Sizosebenzisa Ubuntu njengesibonelo. Uma uchofoza isithonjana, ibhokisi lengxoxo liyavela licela igama lakho lomsebenzisi, iphasiwedi, kanye nephasiwedi ye-VNC. Bese ukhetha indlela ozofinyelela ngayo ukusatshalaliswa. Ukulanda kuzoqala, lapho kuzosetshenziswa isithombe esiyisisekelo sokusabalalisa okukhethiwe. Ifayela lizokhishwa kuhla lwemibhalo lomsebenzisiLand.

Uma ukulanda sekuqediwe, buyela kumlingisi wetheminali ye-xterm. Ungakhipha umyalo wokusetshenziswa ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo ye-Linux oyifakile:

uname –a

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka ideskithophu usebenzisa umyalo we-Ubuntu utility:

sudo apt install lxde

Isinyathelo sokugcina siwukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yakho entsha yedeskithophu isilungele ukwethulwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu udinga ukuhlela ifayela .xinitrcfile, okwamanje enomugqa owodwa kuphela /usr/bin/twm. Idinga ukushintshwa ukuze /usr/bin/startlxde. Manje phuma kuseshini ye-XSDL (qiniseka ukuthi uchofoza inkinobho ethi STOP endaweni yesaziso), ubambe inkinobho ethi "Ubuntu Listing" kuthebhu ethi AmaSeshini, bese uchofoza okuthi "Misa izikhathi" bese uqala kabusha izikhathi. Ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa, indawo yesistimu ye-LXDE kufanele ivele. Ungenza izinto ezifanayo kuyo njengakwideskithophu evamile. Kungase kube kuncane futhi kuhambe kancane—kuzodingeka ulinde isikhathi eside ukuze ucindezele inkinobho esisetshenziswa kunokuba ubungenza ngekhibhodi negundane. Ake sibone ukuthi singayithuthukisa kanjani indawo yesistimu ye-Linux ku-smartphone.

Umhlahlandlela osheshayo ku-UserLand

Uma uhlolisisa okuqukethwe kwedeskithophu, uzothola ukuzijabulisa okunembile kwenguqulo yedeskithophu. Uma usebenzisa i-UserLAnd kudivayisi enekhibhodi negundane (exhunywe nge-Bluetooth noma ngenye indlela), uzokuthola kulula ukuzivumelanisa nokusebenzisa indawo yesistimu ye-Linux ngale fomethi. Ngaphandle kokubambezeleka okuncane okubangelwa ikhesa ye-X-Windows evumelaniswa nekhesa yedivayisi ye-Android, yonke into isebenza kahle.

Into yokuqala ongahle ufune ukuyenza ukulungisa isistimu yefonti ezenzakalelayo ngoba amafonti edeskithophu makhulu kakhulu esikrinini sefoni yakho. Iya kumenyu eyinhloko, bese ukhetha Izilungiselelo → Hlela ukubukeka namawijethi ngendlela oyifisayo → Iwijethi. Lapha ungashintsha usayizi wefonti ozenzakalelayo ube okukhethwa kukho okulungele ifoni yakho.

Okulandelayo, ungase ufune ukufaka izinhlelo zakho ozithandayo endaweni yesistimu ye-Linux. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imiyalo yokusetshenziswa ngeke isebenze kuleli cala, ngakho-ke zizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elibaluleke ngempela elifakwe ku-UserLand system imvelo, ebizwa ngokuthi ASAP:

sudo apt install emacs

Ukusabalalisa esicelweni kwethulwa ngendlela yamaseshini. Ungawaqala futhi uwavale.

Ngemva kokufaka ukusatshalaliswa, ungakwazi ukwengeza indawo yedeskithophu ngemiyalo evamile.

Cishe uzodinga ezinye izindlela zokuxhuma zokusabalalisa kwakho. Ukuthi uqale ufake i-XSDL akusho ukuthi kufanele ifane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ungakha enye i-akhawunti kuthebhu yeSeshini bese ukhetha iseva ehlukile. Vele uqiniseke ukuthi uyikhomba kusistimu yefayela efanayo. I-UserLAnd izozama ukukuqondisa kuhlelo lokusebenza olulungile lokusungula uhlobo olusha lokuxhuma: i-XSDL, i-ConnectBot ye-SSH, noma i-bVNC.

Nokho, ukuphikelela lapho uhlelo lokusebenza likuqondisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Google Play Isitolo lapho uzama ukuxhuma kabusha kungase kucasule. Ukumisa lokhu, vele ushintshe iseva ngokufaka uhlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile. Ukuze ufake i-SSH, khetha i-VX ConnectBot endala ethembekile. Vele ungene ku-port 2022 endaweni yakho yokusebenza ngegama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi. Ukuze uxhume kuseva ye-VNC, vele ufake okokuthengisa, kodwa ezicini eziningi ezithuthukile, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Jump Desktop, bese ushayela ikheli 127.0.0.1:5951.

Sithemba ukuthi uyayikhumbula iphasiwedi ye-VNC owayibeka ngenkathi udala isistimu yefayela.
Ungakwazi futhi ukufinyelela iseshini yakho yamanje ye-UserLand usebenzisa amathuluzi afanayo kwenye ikhompuyutha kunethiwekhi yakho. Kwanele ukuxhuma i-SSH kuseshini esebenzayo (ngohlobo lokuxhumana lwe-SSH, kunjalo) usebenzisa itheminali ye-Linux, isibonelo, i-Konsole, noma ukuxhuma kuseshini ye-VNC usebenzisa i-KRDC. Vele ushintshe amakheli endawo esikrinini sekhompyutha yakho ufake amakheli e-IP we-Android yakho.

Kuhlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa eziphathwayo, lokhu kusetha kuzokunikeza isistimu ye-Linux elula, ephathekayo ongaxhuma kuyo usebenzisa noma iyiphi ikhompuyutha otholakalayo njengamanje.

Source: www.habr.com