Imisebenzi yezinhlelo zokugada zesimanje kudala yadlula ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo kanjalo. Ukunquma ukunyakaza endaweni enentshisekelo, ukubala nokukhomba abantu nezimoto, ukulandelela into ethrafikhi - namuhla ngisho namakhamera we-IP abiza kakhulu angakwazi ukwenza konke lokhu. Uma uneseva ekhiqiza ngokwanele kanye nesofthiwe edingekayo, amathuba engqalasizinda yezokuphepha acishe angabi namkhawulo. Kodwa ngesinye isikhathi izinhlelo ezinjalo azikwazanga ngisho ukurekhoda ividiyo.
Kusukela ku-pantelegraph kuya kumabonakude wemishini
Imizamo yokuqala yokudlulisa izithombe ebangeni yenziwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-1862. Ngo-XNUMX, u-abbot we-Florentine u-Giovanni Caselli wadala idivayisi engakwazi ukudlulisa kuphela, kodwa futhi ithola izithombe ngezintambo zikagesi - i-pantelegraph. Kodwa ukubiza le yunithi ngokuthi “i-TV yemishini” kwakuwukunwebeka kakhulu: empeleni, umsunguli wase-Italy wakha isibonelo somshini wefeksi.
I-Pantelegraph ka-Giovanni Caselli
I-telegraph ka-Caselli ye-electrochemical yasebenza ngale ndlela elandelayo. Isithombe esidlulisiwe saqale "siguqulwa" saba yifomethi efanelekile, sadwetshwa kabusha ngoyinki ongaconductive epuletini le-staniol (i-tin foil), sabe sesihlanganiswa nezinsimbi ku-substrate yethusi egobile. Inalithi yegolide yayisebenza njengekhanda lokufunda, ithwebula umugqa weshidi lensimbi ngomugqa ngesinyathelo esingu-0,5 mm. Lapho inaliti ingaphezu kwendawo enoyinki ongenayo i-conductive, isifunda somhlaba savulwa futhi i-current yanikezwa ezintanjeni ezixhuma i-pantelegraph yokudlulisela kulowo owamukelayo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, inaliti eyamukelayo yayihamba phezu kwephepha eliwugqinsi elifakwe ingxube ye-gelatin ne-potassium hexacyanoferrate. Ngaphansi kwethonya lamanje kagesi, uxhumano lwaba mnyama, ngenxa yokuthi isithombe sakhiwe.
Idivayisi enjalo yayinezinkinga eziningi, phakathi kwazo kuyadingeka ukugqamisa ukukhiqiza okuphansi, isidingo sokuvumelanisa umamukeli kanye ne-transmitter, ukunemba kwayo okuncike kwikhwalithi yesithombe sokugcina, kanye nokuqina komsebenzi kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu. izindleko zokunakekelwa, ngenxa yalokho impilo ye-pantelegraph yaba mfushane kakhulu. Isibonelo, imishini ye-Caselli esetshenziswe kulayini wocingo waseMoscow-St. Petersburg yasebenza isikhathi esingaphezudlwana konyaka ongu-1: ngemva kokuba iqale ukusebenza ngo-April 17, 1866, ngosuku okwavulwa ngalo ukuxhumana nge-telegraph phakathi kwalezi zihloko ezimbili, ama-pantelegraph ahlakazwa. ekuqaleni kuka-1868.
I-bildtelegraph, eyadalwa ngo-1902 ngu-Arthur Korn ngesisekelo se-photocell yokuqala eyasungulwa isazi sefiziksi saseRussia u-Alexander Stoletov, yabonakala isebenza kakhulu. Idivayisi yaduma emhlabeni wonke ngo-March 17, 1908: ngalolu suku, ngosizo lwe-bildtelegraph, isithombe sesigebengu sasakazwa sisuka esiteshini samaphoyisa saseParis saya eLondon, ngenxa yalokho amaphoyisa akwazi ukukhomba nokumvalela umhlaseli. .
U-Arthur Korn kanye ne-bildtelegraph yakhe
Iyunithi enjalo inikeze imininingwane emihle esithombeni esinesithombe futhi yayingasadingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile, kodwa yayingakafanele ukudlulisa isithombe ngesikhathi sangempela: kuthathe cishe imizuzu eyi-10-15 ukucubungula isithombe esisodwa. Kodwa i-bildtelegraph ithathe izimpande kahle kusayensi ye-forensic (yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngamaphoyisa ukudlulisa izithombe, izithombe ze-identikit kanye nezigxivizo zeminwe phakathi kweminyango ngisho namazwe), kanye nasezindabeni zezindaba.
Ukuphumelela kwangempela kule ndawo kwenzeka ngo-1909: kungaleso sikhathi lapho uGeorges Rin ekwazile ukuzuza ukudluliswa kwesithombe ngenani lokuvuselela lefreyimu engu-1 ngomzuzwana. Njengoba i-telephotographic apparatus yayine "sensor" emelwe i-mosaic ye-selenium photocells, futhi ukulungiswa kwayo kwakungamaphikseli angu-8 × 8 kuphela, ayizange idlulele ngale kwezindonga zaselabhorethri. Nokho, lona kanye iqiniso lokuvela kwayo labeka isisekelo esidingekayo sokucwaninga okwengeziwe emkhakheni wokusakaza izithombe.
Unjiniyela waseScotland uJohn Baird waphumelela ngempela kulo mkhakha, owangena emlandweni njengomuntu wokuqala owakwazi ukudlulisa isithombe ebangeni ngesikhathi sangempela, yingakho kunguye obhekwa “njengoyise” wemishini. ithelevishini (kanye nomabonakude jikelele). Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi u-Baird wacishe walahlekelwa ukuphila kwakhe phakathi nokuhlolwa kwakhe, ethola ukushaqeka kukagesi okungu-2000-volt kuyilapho eshintsha iseli le-photovoltaic ekhamera ayidalile, lesi sihloko sifaneleka ngokuphelele.
UJohn Baird, umsunguli wethelevishini
Indalo ka-Baird yasebenzisa idiski elikhethekile elasungulwa uchwepheshe waseJalimane u-Paul Nipkow emuva ngo-1884. Idiski ye-Nipkow eyenziwe nge-opaque material enezimbobo eziningi ezinobubanzi obulinganayo, ehlelwe ngokuzungeza endaweni eyodwa ukusuka enkabeni yediski ebangeni elilinganayo le-angular ukusuka komunye nomunye, yasetshenziswa kokubili ukuskena isithombe nokwakheka kwaso. emshinini wokwamukela.
Idivayisi ye-Nipkow disk
Ilensi igxilise isithombe sesihloko endaweni yediski ezungezayo. Ukukhanya, okudlula emigodini, kushaye i-photocell, ngenxa yokuthi isithombe saguqulwa saba isignali kagesi. Njengoba izimbobo zazihlelwe ngokuzungeza, ngayinye yazo empeleni yenza ukuskena komugqa ngomugqa kwendawo ethile yesithombe egxile ngelensi. Idiski efanayo yayikhona kudivayisi edlalwayo, kodwa ngemuva kwayo kwakukhona isibani esinamandla esizwa ukushintsha kokukhanya, futhi phambi kwayo kwakukhona ilensi ekhulisayo noma isistimu yelensi eveza isithombe esikrinini.
Isimiso sokusebenza semishini kamabonakude wezinhlelo
Imishini ka-Baird yasebenzisa idiski ye-Nipkow enezimbobo ezingu-30 (ngenxa yalokho, isithombe esiwumphumela saba nokuskena okuqondile kwemigqa engu-30 kuphela) futhi yayikwazi ukuskena izinto ngemvamisa yamafreyimu angu-5 ngomzuzwana. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala okuyimpumelelo ekudluliseni isithombe esimnyama nokumhlophe kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 2, 1925: khona-ke unjiniyela wakwazi ukudlulisa okokuqala isithombe se-halftone se-ventriloquist's dummy kusuka kudivayisi eyodwa kuya kwenye.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umthumeli obekufanele alethe izincwadi ezibalulekile ungqongqoze. Ekhuthazwe impumelelo yakhe, uBaird wabamba lensizwa eyayidangele ngesandla wayiyisa endaweni yakhe yokucwaninga: wayemagange ukuhlola ukuthi ingqondo yakhe yayizobhekana kanjani nokudlulisa isithombe sobuso bomuntu. Ngakho, uWilliam Edward Tainton oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, esendaweni efanele ngesikhathi esifanele, wangena emlandweni njengomuntu wokuqala “ukungena kumabonakude.”
Ngo-1927, uBaird wenza ithelevishini yokuqala phakathi kweLondon neGlasgow (ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-705) ngezintambo zocingo. Futhi ngo-1928, i-Baird Television Development Company Ltd, eyasungulwa unjiniyela, yenza ngempumelelo ukusakazwa kokuqala komhlaba kwe-transatlantic yesiginali yethelevishini phakathi kweLondon neHartsdale (New York). Ukuboniswa kwamakhono esistimu ye-Baird ye-30-band kwaphenduka isikhangiso esingcono kakhulu: kakade ngo-1929 yamukelwa yi-BBC futhi yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo eminyakeni engu-6 eyalandela, kwaze kwaba yilapho ithathelwa indawo imishini ethuthuke kakhulu esekelwe kumashubhu e-cathode ray.
I-Iconoscope - i-harbinger yenkathi entsha
Umhlaba ukweleta ukuvela kweshubhu le-cathode ray kumuntu wakithi wangaphambili u-Vladimir Kozmich Zvorykin. Phakathi neMpi Yombango, unjiniyela wathatha uhlangothi lwenhlangano emhlophe futhi wabaleka eYekaterinburg waya e-Omsk, lapho ayesebenza khona emishini yeziteshi zomsakazo. Ngo-1919, uZvorykin wathatha uhambo lwebhizinisi eNew York. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuhlinzwa Omsk senzeka (November 1919), umphumela waba ukuthunjwa idolobha Red Army cishe ngaphandle kokulwa. Njengoba unjiniyela wayengenayo enye indawo ayengabuyela kuyo, waqhubeka efuduka ngenkani, eba isisebenzi se-Westinghouse Electric (okwamanje i-CBS Corporation), eyayivele ingenye yezinkampani ezihola phambili zobunjiniyela bakagesi e-United States, lapho kanye kanye enza khona ucwaningo ngogesi. inkambu yokudluliswa kwesithombe ebangeni.
UVladimir Kozmich Zvorykin, umdali we-iconoscope
Ngo-1923, unjiniyela wakwazi ukudala idivayisi yokuqala yethelevishini, eyayisekelwe ku-electron tube yokudlulisa nge-mosaic photocathode. Kodwa-ke, iziphathimandla ezintsha azizange zithathe ngokungathí sina umsebenzi wososayensi, ngakho isikhathi eside uZvorykin kwadingeka enze ucwaningo yedwa, ngaphansi kwezimo zezinsiza ezilinganiselwe kakhulu. Ithuba lokubuyela emsebenzini wokucwaninga wesikhathi esigcwele laziveza kuZworykin kuphela ngo-1928, lapho usosayensi ehlangana nomunye umfuduki waseRussia, uDavid Sarnov, ngaleso sikhathi owayebambe isikhundla sePhini likamongameli weRadio Corporation of America (RCA). Ethola imibono yomsunguli ithembisa kakhulu, uSarnov waqoka uZvorykin njengenhloko yelabhorethri ye-RCA electronics, futhi indaba yasuka phansi.
Ngo-1929, uVladimir Kozmich wethula isibonelo esisebenzayo se-vacuum TV tube (kinescope), kwathi ngo-1931 waqeda umsebenzi wokwamukela, awubiza ngokuthi "iconoscope" (kusuka eikon yesiGreki - "isithombe" kanye ne-skopeo - " buka"). I-iconoscope kwakuyiflask yengilazi eyisivacu, ngaphakathi kuyo kwalungiswa ithagethi ezwela ukukhanya kanye nesibhamu se-electron esise-engeli kuyo.
Umdwebo wesikimu we-iconoscope
Ithagethi ye-photosensitive ekala u-6 × 19 cm yayimelwe ipuleti elincane le-insulator (i-mica), ohlangothini olulodwa lapho i-microscopic (amashumi amaningana ama-microns ngosayizi ngamunye) amaconsi esiliva inani lezingcezu ezingaba ngu-1, ezimbozwe nge-cesium, zasetshenziswa. , futhi ngakolunye - ukugqoka okuqinile kwesiliva, okuvela ebusweni lapho isignali yokuphuma irekhodiwe. Lapho okuhlosiwe kukhanyiswa ngaphansi kwethonya lomphumela we-photoelectric, amaconsi esiliva athola ukushaja okuhle, ubukhulu bawo obuncike ezingeni lokukhanyisa.
I-iconoscope yasekuqaleni eboniswa e-Czech National Museum of Technology
I-iconoscope yakha isisekelo sezinhlelo zethelevishini zokuqala ze-elekthronikhi. Ukubukeka kwayo kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yesithombe esidlulisiwe ngenxa yokwanda okuphindaphindiwe kwenani lezinto ezisesithombeni sethelevishini: kusuka kumaphikseli angu-300 × 400 kumamodeli okuqala kuya kumaphikiseli angu-1000 × 1000 kwabathuthuke kakhulu. Nakuba idivayisi yayingenayo imibi ethile, kuhlanganise nokuzwela okuphansi (ngokudubula okugcwele, ukukhanyisa okungenani izinkulungwane eziyi-10 ze-lux yayidingeka) kanye nokuhlanekezelwa kwetshe eliyinhloko okubangelwa ukungahambisani kahle kwe-axis optical ne-axis ye-tube ye-beam, ukusungulwa kukaZvorykin kwaba ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile emlandweni wokubhekwa kwevidiyo, ngesikhathi sokunquma ikakhulukazi i-vector yesikhathi esizayo yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni.
Endleleni esuka “kwi-analogue” iye “yedijithali”
Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthile kuqhutshwa izingxabano zezempi, futhi ukubhekwa kwevidiyo kuleli cala akufani. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, i-Third Reich yaqala ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwemicibisholo ye-ballistic yebanga elide. Kodwa-ke, ama-prototypes okuqala "wesikhali sokuphindisela" esidumile V-2 ayengathembekile: amarokhethi ayevame ukuqhuma lapho kwethulwa noma awe ngokushesha ngemva kokusuka. Njengoba izinhlelo ze-telemetry ezithuthukisiwe zazingakatholakali ngokomthetho, ukuphela kwendlela yokunquma imbangela yokwehluleka kwakuwukubuka ngeso lengqondo inqubo yokuqalisa, kodwa lokhu kwakuyingozi enkulu.
Amalungiselelo okwethulwa kwe-V-2 ballistic missile endaweni yokuhlola i-Peenemünde
Ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula kubathuthukisi bemicibisholo futhi bangafaki ukuphila kwabo engozini, unjiniyela kagesi waseJalimane u-Walter Bruch waklama lokho okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-CCTV (I-Closed Circuit Television). Imishini edingekayo yafakwa endaweni yokuqeqeshwa yasePeenemünde. Ukudalwa kukanjiniyela kagesi waseJalimane kwavumela ososayensi ukuthi babone ukuqhubeka kokuhlolwa ukusuka ebangeni eliphephile elingamakhilomitha angama-2,5, ngaphandle kokwesaba izimpilo zabo.
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo, uhlelo lokubhekwa kwevidiyo ye-Bruch lwalune-drawback ephawulekayo: yayingenayo idivayisi yokurekhoda ividiyo, okusho ukuthi opharetha akakwazanga ukushiya indawo yakhe yokusebenza ngomzuzwana. Ubucayi bale nkinga bungahlolwa ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-IMS Research esikhathini sethu. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yakhe, umuntu ophilile ngokomzimba, ophumule kahle uzophuthelwa kuze kufike ku-45% wezenzakalo ezibalulekile ngemva kwemizuzu engu-12 nje yokubuka, futhi ngemva kwemizuzu engu-22 lesi sibalo sizofinyelela ku-95%. Futhi uma emkhakheni wokuhlola imicibisholo leli qiniso alizange lidlale indima ekhethekile, ngoba ososayensi babengadingi ukuhlala phambi kwezikrini amahora ambalwa ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke maqondana nezinhlelo zokuphepha, ukuntuleka kwekhono lokuqopha ividiyo kuthinteke kakhulu. ukusebenza kahle kwazo.
Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1956, lapho irekhoda yokuqala yevidiyo i-Ampex VR 1000, eyakhiwe futhi ngumuntu wakithi wangaphambili u-Alexander Matveevich Ponyatov, ebona ukukhanya kosuku. NjengoZworykin, usosayensi wathatha uhlangothi lweWhite Army, ngemva kokunqotshwa kwakhe waqala ukuthuthela eChina, lapho asebenza khona iminyaka engu-7 kwenye yezinkampani zamandla kagesi eShanghai, wabe esehlala isikhathi esithile eFrance, okwathi ngemva kwalokho e- ngasekupheleni kwawo-1920 wathuthela unomphela e-USA futhi wathola ubuzwe baseMelika ngo-1932.
U-Alexander Matveevich Ponyatov kanye nesibonelo sokurekhoda kwevidiyo yokuqala emhlabeni i-Ampex VR 1000
Eminyakeni engu-12 eyalandela, uPonyatov wakwazi ukusebenzela izinkampani ezifana neGeneral Electric, Pacific Gas and Electric kanye neDalmo-Victor Westinghouse, kodwa ngo-1944 wanquma ukuqala ibhizinisi lakhe futhi wabhalisa i-Ampex Electric and Manufacturing Company. Ekuqaleni, i-Ampex yayikhethekile ekukhiqizeni amadrayivu anembile kakhulu wezinhlelo ze-radar, kodwa ngemva kwempi, imisebenzi yenkampani yaphinde yaqondiswa endaweni ethembisa kakhulu - ukukhiqizwa kwamadivayisi okurekhoda umsindo kazibuthe. Kusukela ngo-1947 kuya ku-1953, inkampani kaPoniatov yakhiqiza amamodeli amaningana aphumelela kakhulu ama-tape recorders, asetshenziswa emkhakheni wobuntatheli ochwepheshe.
Ngo-1951, uPoniatov kanye nabeluleki bakhe abakhulu bezobuchwepheshe uCharles Ginzburg, Weiter Selsted noMiron Stolyarov banquma ukuqhubekela phambili futhi bathuthukise idivayisi yokuqopha ividiyo. Ngawo lowo nyaka, badale i-Ampex VR 1000B prototype, esebenzisa isimiso sokuqoshwa kwemigqa enqamulayo yolwazi olunamakhanda kazibuthe azungezayo. Lo mklamo wenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngezinga elidingekayo lokusebenza lokurekhoda isignali yethelevishini nemvamisa yama-megahertz amaningana.
Uhlelo lokuqoshwa kwevidiyo ye-cross-line
Imodeli yokuqala yezohwebo yochungechunge lwe-Apex VR 1000 yakhululwa eminyakeni emi-5 kamuva. Ngesikhathi sokukhululwa, idivayisi yayithengiswa ngamadola ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50, okwakuyinani elikhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuze uqhathanise: i-Chevy Corvette, eyakhululwa ngonyaka ofanayo, yanikezwa ngama-dollar angu-3000 XNUMX kuphela, futhi le moto yayingeyesikhashana, esigabeni sezimoto zezemidlalo.
Kwakuyizindleko eziphezulu zemishini okwathi isikhathi eside yaba nomthelela wokuvimbela ekuthuthukisweni kokubhekwa kwevidiyo. Ukukhombisa leli qiniso, kwanele ukusho ukuthi ukulungiselela ukuvakashelwa komndeni wasebukhosini baseThailand eLondon, amaphoyisa afaka amakhamera wevidiyo we-2 kuphela eTrafalgar Square (futhi lokhu kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezikhulu eziphezulu zombuso) , kwathi emva kwazo zonke izehlakalo kwahlakazwa uhlelo lwezokuphepha.
INdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II kanye neNkosana uPhilip, uMbusi wase-Edinburgh bahlangana neNkosi uBhumibol yaseThailand kanye neNdlovukazi uSirikit
Ukuvela kwemisebenzi yokusondeza, ukunweba kanye nokuvula isibali sikhathi kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhulisa izindleko zokwakha amasistimu okuvikela ngokunciphisa inani lamadivayisi adingekayo ukuze kulawulwe indawo, nokho, ukuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi anjalo kusadinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Isibonelo, uhlelo lokugada ama-video edolobha olwakhelwe idolobha lase-Olean (eNew York), olwaqala ukusebenza ngo-1968, lwadla iziphathimandla zedolobha amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1,4, futhi kwathatha iminyaka engu-2 ukuthunyelwa, futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi yonke ingqalasizinda imelwe amakhamera wevidiyo ayi-8 kuphela. Futhi-ke, kwakungekho ukukhuluma nganoma yikuphi ukuqoshwa kwewashi ngaleso sikhathi: irekhoda yevidiyo yavulwa kuphela ngomyalo womqhubi, ngoba kokubili ifilimu kanye nemishini ngokwayo kwakubiza kakhulu, nokusebenza kwabo 24/7. yayingekho embuzweni.
Konke kwashintsha ngokusabalala kwezinga le-VHS, ukubonakala kwayo esikweleta unjiniyela waseJapane uShizuo Takano, owayesebenza kwa-JVC.
U-Shizuo Takano, umdali wefomethi ye-VHS
Ifomethi yayihilela ukusetshenziswa kokuqoshwa kwe-azimuthal, okusebenzisa amakhanda evidiyo amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngamunye wabo uqophe inkambu eyodwa kamabonakude futhi waba nezikhala zokusebenza ezichezuke ohlangothini lwe-perpendicular nge-engeli efanayo engu-6° ezinhlangothini eziphambene, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamathrekhi evidiyo aseduze futhi kunciphise kakhulu igebe phakathi kwawo, kwandise ukuminyana kokurekhoda. . Amakhanda evidiyo atholakala esigubhuni esinobubanzi obungu-62 mm, azungeza imvamisa ye-1500 rpm. Ngaphezu kwamathrekhi okurekhoda evidiyo athambekele, amathrekhi omsindo amabili aqoshwa eceleni komkhawulo ongaphezulu we-tape kazibuthe, ehlukaniswe igebe elivikelayo. Ithrekhi yokulawula equkethe ama-pulses okuvumelanisa kozimele yarekhodwa eceleni konqenqema olungezansi lwetheyiphu.
Lapho kusetshenziswa ifomethi ye-VHS, isignali yevidiyo eyinhlanganisela yabhalwa kukhasethi, eyenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukudlula ngesiteshi esisodwa sokuxhumana futhi kube lula kakhulu ukushintsha phakathi kwemishini eyamukelayo neyidluliselayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani namafomethi we-Betamax ne-U-matic ayedumile ngaleyo minyaka, ayesebenzisa indlela yokulayisha i-tape kazibuthe emise okwe-U ene-turntable, eyayivamile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zekhasethi zangaphambilini, ifomethi ye-VHS yayisekelwe esimisweni esisha. yalezo ezibizwa nge-M - gas stations.
Uhlelo lwefilimu elizibuthe eligcwalisa kabusha i-M ekhasethini le-VHS
Ukususwa nokulayishwa kwe-tape kazibuthe kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izimfoloko ezimbili zomhlahlandlela, ngayinye yazo yayine-roller eqondile kanye ne-cylindrical stand ethambekele, enquma i-angle eqondile ye-tape esigubhu samakhanda ajikelezayo, okuqinisekisa ukuthambekela ithrekhi yokurekhoda ividiyo emaphethelweni aphansi. Ama-engeli okungena nokuphuma kwe-tape kusuka ku-drum ayelingana ne-engeli yokuthambekela kwendiza yokuzungeza yesigubhu kuya esisekelweni somshini, ngenxa yokuthi yomibili imiqulu yekhasethi yayisendizeni efanayo.
Indlela yokulayisha i-M ibonakale ithembeke kakhulu futhi yasiza ukunciphisa umthwalo wemishini kwifilimu. Ukungabikho kwenkundla ejikelezayo kwenza ukukhiqizwa kwawo kokubili amakhasethi ngokwawo nama-VCR kwaba lula, okube nomthelela omuhle ezindlekweni zawo. Kakhulu ngenxa yalokhu, i-VHS iwine ukunqoba okukhulu “empini yefomethi,” okwenza ukubhekwa kwevidiyo kufinyeleleke ngempela.
Amakhamera wevidiyo nawo awazange ame: amadivaysi anamashubhu e-cathode ray athathelwe indawo ngamamodeli enziwe ngesisekelo samatrices e-CCD. Umhlaba ukweleta ukuvela kwalokhu kuWillard Boyle noGeorge Smith, ababesebenza kwa-AT&T Bell Labs kumadivayisi okugcina idatha esemiconductor. Phakathi nocwaningo lwabo, izazi zefiziksi zathola ukuthi amasekethe ahlanganisiwe abawadalile ayengaphansi komphumela we-photoelectric. Kakade ngo-1970, u-Boyle noSmith bethula i-photodetectors yokuqala yomugqa (ama-CCD arrays).
Ngo-1973, i-Fairchild yaqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial yamatrices e-CCD ngesinqumo samaphikseli angu-100 × 100, futhi ngo-1975, uSteve Sasson waseKodak wadala ikhamera yokuqala yedijithali esekelwe ku-matrix enjalo. Kodwa-ke, kwakungenakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa, njengoba inqubo yokwenza isithombe yathatha imizuzwana engu-23, futhi ukuqoshwa kwayo okulandelayo kwikhasethi le-8 mm kwathatha isikhathi esiphindwe kabili nesigamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium angu-16 asetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wekhamera, futhi yonke into yayinesisindo esingu-3,6 kg.
Ikhamera yokuqala yedijithali ka-Steve Sasson kanye ne-Kodak uma kuqhathaniswa namakhamera esimanjemanje akhomba nokushutha
Umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe yekhamera yedijithali wenziwa ngabakwaSony Corporation futhi mathupha nguKazuo Iwama, owayehola iSony Corporation of America ngaleyo minyaka. Nguye owaphikelela ekutshaleni izimali ezinkulu ekuthuthukiseni ama-chips e-CCD, ngenxa yokuthi ngo-1980 inkampani yethula ikhamera yevidiyo ye-CCD yokuqala yombala, i-XC-1. Ngemva kokufa kukaKazuo ngo-1982, itshe lethuna eline-CCD matrix ebekwe phezu kwalo lafakwa ethuneni lakhe.
Kazuo Iwama, umongameli we-Sony Corporation of America ngeminyaka yama-70s ekhulwini lama-XX
Nokho, ngo-September 1996 kwaphawulwa isenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu esingafaniswa nokusungulwa kwe-iconoscope. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho inkampani yaseSweden i-Axis Communications yethula khona “ikhamera yedijithali yokuqala emhlabeni enemisebenzi yeseva yewebhu” iNetEye 200.
I-Axis Neteye 200 - ikhamera ye-IP yokuqala emhlabeni
Ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhululwa, i-NetEye 200 yayingabizwa neze ngekhamera yevidiyo ngomqondo ojwayelekile wegama. Idivayisi ibingaphansi kozakwabo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngokoqobo: ukusebenza kwayo kwahluka ukusuka kuhlaka olu-1 ngomzuzwana ngefomethi ye-CIF (352 × 288, noma 0,1 MP) kuya kuhlaka olu-1 ngamasekhondi angu-17 ku-4CIF (704 × 576, 0,4 MP), Ngaphezu kwalokho. , ukurekhoda akuzange kugcinwe ngisho kufayela elihlukile, kodwa njengokulandelana kwezithombe ze-JPEG. Kodwa-ke, isici esiyinhloko se-Axis brainchild kwakungesona isivinini sokudubula noma ukucaca kwesithombe, kodwa ukuba khona kweprosesa yayo ye-ETRAX RISC kanye nechweba le-Ethernet elakhelwe ngaphakathi le-10Base-T, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxhuma ikhamera ngqo kumzila. noma ikhadi lenethiwekhi ye-PC njengedivaysi yenethiwekhi evamile futhi uyilawule usebenzisa izinhlelo ezifakiwe ze-Java. Yilokhu kwazi okwaphoqa abakhiqizi abaningi bezinhlelo zokugada amavidiyo ukuthi bacabange kabusha imibono yabo futhi banqume i-vector evamile yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni iminyaka eminingi.
Amathuba amaningi - izindleko ezengeziwe
Naphezu kokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe, ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka, uhlangothi lwezezimali lwalolu daba luhlala lungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokubhekwa kwevidiyo. Yize i-NTP ibe negalelo ekwehliseni okukhulu izindleko zemishini, ngenxa yalokho namuhla kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa uhlelo olufana nalolo olufakwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s e-Olean ngamadola angamakhulu ambalwa kanye namahora ambalwa wangempela. isikhathi, ingqalasizinda enjalo ayisakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziningi zebhizinisi lesimanje .
Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukushintsha kwezinto ezibalulekile. Uma ngaphambilini ukubhekwa kwevidiyo kwakusetshenziselwa kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha endaweni evikelekile, namuhla umshayeli oyinhloko wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni (ngokusho kwe-Transparency Market Research) ukuthengisa, lapho izinhlelo ezinjalo zisiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokumaketha. Isimo esijwayelekile sinquma izinga lokuguqulwa ngokusekelwe enanini lezivakashi kanye nenani lamakhasimende adlula ezibalini zokukhokha. Uma sengeza isistimu yokuqaphela ubuso kulokhu, siyihlanganise nohlelo olukhona lokwethembeka, sizokwazi ukutadisha ukuziphatha kwamakhasimende ngokubhekisela ezicini zenhlalo yabantu mayelana nokwakhiwa okulandelayo kokunikezwayo komuntu siqu (izaphulelo zomuntu ngamunye, izinyanda ngentengo evumayo, njll.).
Inkinga iwukuthi ukuqaliswa kohlelo olunjalo lokuhlaziya ividiyo kugcwele imali enkulu kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Isikhubekiso lapha ukubonwa kobuso bekhasimende. Kuyinto eyodwa ukuskena ubuso bomuntu ngaphambili lapho ukhokha khona ngesikhathi sokukhokha ngaphandle kokuthinta, futhi enye into ukuyenza esiminyaminya (esitezi sokuthengisa), ngama-engeli ahlukene nasezimeni ezihlukene zokukhanya. Lapha, ukumodela kobuso okunezinhlangothi ezintathu kuphela ngesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa amakhamera e-stereo nama-algorithms okufunda komshini kungabonisa ukusebenza okwanele, okuzoholela ekwenyukeni okungenakugwemeka komthwalo kuyo yonke ingqalasizinda.
Icabangela lokhu, i-Western Digital ithuthukise umqondo we-Core to Edge storage for Surveillance, enikeza amakhasimende isethi ephelele yezixazululo zesimanje zezinhlelo zokuqopha ividiyo "kusuka kukhamera kuya kuseva". Inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile, ukwethembeka, umthamo kanye nokusebenza kukuvumela ukuthi wakhe i-ecosystem evumelanayo engaxazulula cishe noma iyiphi inkinga enikeziwe, futhi yandise izindleko zokusatshalaliswa nokugcinwa kwayo.
Ulayini ohamba phambili wenkampani yethu umndeni we-WD Purple wamadrayivu akhethekile wezinhlelo zokugada amavidiyo anamandla ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-18 terabytes.
Amadrayivu e-Purple Series aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa okungu-XNUMX/XNUMX ezinhlelweni zokugada amavidiyo anencazelo ephezulu futhi ahlanganisa intuthuko yakamuva ye-Western Digital kubuchwepheshe be-hard drive.
- Ipulatifomu ye-HelioSeal
Amamodeli amadala olayini we-WD Purple onamandla asuka ku-8 kuya ku-18 TB asekelwe kuplathifomu ye-HelioSeal. Izindlu zalawa madrayivu zivalwe ngokuphelele, futhi ibhulokhi ye-hermetic ayigcwaliswanga ngomoya, kodwa nge-helium engavamile. Ukunciphisa ukumelana kwemvelo yegesi kanye nezinkomba zesiphithiphithi kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukujiya kwamapuleti kazibuthe, kanye nokuzuza ukuminyana okukhulu kokurekhoda kusetshenziswa indlela ye-CMR ngenxa yokunemba okwandisiwe kokuma kwekhanda (kusetshenziswa Ubuchwepheshe Befomethi Ethuthukisiwe). Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukela ku-WD Purple kunikeza umthamo ofika ku-75% ngaphezulu kuma-rack afanayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhuphula ingqalasizinda yakho. Ukwengeza, amadrayivu e-helium angonga amandla ngo-58% ngaphezu kwama-HDD avamile ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okudingekayo ukuze kuphendulwe nokuzungezisa i-spindle. Ukonga okwengeziwe kunikezwa ngokunciphisa izindleko zesimo somoya: emthwalweni ofanayo, i-WD Purple ipholile kunama-analogue ayo ngesilinganiso esingu-5°C.
- Ubuchwepheshe be-AllFrame AI
Ukuphazamiseka okuncane ngesikhathi sokurekhoda kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwedatha yevidiyo ebalulekile, okuzokwenza ukuhlaziya okulandelayo kolwazi olutholiwe kungenzeki. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, usekelo lwesigaba seSetha Yesici Sokusakaza esisikhethela sona sephrothokholi ye-ATA yethulwe ku-firmware yamadrayivu ochungechunge “ansomi”. Phakathi kwamakhono ayo, kuyadingeka ukugqamisa ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwenqolobane kuye ngenani lokusakazwa kwevidiyo okucutshunguliwe kanye nokulawulwa kokubalulekile kokwenziwa kwemiyalo yokufunda/yokubhala, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amathuba okuwa kwamafreyimu kanye nokuvela kwama-artifact esithombe. Ngokulandelayo, isethi eqanjiwe yama-algorithms e-AllFrame AI yenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa amadrayivu aqinile kumasistimu acubungula inani elibalulekile lokusakazwa kwe-isochronous: Amadrayivu e-WD Purple asekela ukusebenza ngasikhathi sinye ngamakhamera anencazelo ephezulu engama-64 futhi alungiselelwe ukuhlaziya amavidiyo alayishwe kakhulu kanye ne-Deep. Amasistimu wokufunda.
- Ubuchwepheshe Bokubuyisela Iphutha Lesikhathi Esikhawulelwe
Enye yezinkinga ezivamile lapho usebenza namaseva alayishwe kakhulu ukubola okuzenzakalelayo kwe-RAID yamalungu okubangelwa ukweqa isikhathi esivunyelwe sokulungisa iphutha. Inketho ye-Time Limited Error Recovery isiza ukugwema ukuvala i-HDD uma isikhathi sokuvala sidlula imizuzwana engu-7: ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, idrayivu izothumela isignali ehambisanayo kumlawuli we-RAID, ngemva kwalokho inqubo yokulungisa izohlehliswa kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lungasebenzi.
- I-Western Digital Device Analytics Monitoring System
Imisebenzi ebalulekile okufanele ixazululwe lapho uklama izinhlelo zokubhekwa kwevidiyo yandisa isikhathi sokusebenza okungenazinkinga futhi inciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle. Ngokusebenzisa iphakheji yesofthiwe ye-Western Digital Device Analytics (WDDA), umlawuli uthola ukufinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-parametric, idatha yokusebenza neyokuxilongwa ngesimo samadrayivu, okuvumela ukuthi uhlonze ngokushesha noma yiziphi izinkinga ekusebenzeni kohlelo lokubhekwa kwevidiyo, hlela ukulungisa kusenesikhathi futhi uhlonze ngokushesha ama-hard drive adinga ukushintshwa . Konke lokhu okungenhla kusiza ukukhulisa kakhulu ukubekezelelwa kwephutha kwengqalasizinda yezokuphepha futhi kunciphise amathuba okulahlekelwa idatha ebalulekile.
I-Western Digital ithuthukise umugqa wamakhadi ememori e-WD Purple athembeke kakhulu amakhamera esimanje edijithali. Insiza yokubhala kabusha eyandisiwe kanye nokumelana namathonya amabi emvelo kuvumela lawa makhadi ukuthi asetshenziselwe okokusebenza kwawo womabili amakhamera e-CCTV angaphakathi nangaphandle, kanye nokusetshenziswa njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokuphepha ezizimele lapho amakhadi e-MicroSD edlala indima yamadivayisi amakhulu okugcina idatha.
Njengamanje, uchungechunge lwememori khadi ye-WD Purple luhlanganisa imigqa emibili yomkhiqizo: i-WD Purple QD102 kanye ne-WD Purple SC QD312 Ukukhuthazela Okudlulele. Eyokuqala yayihlanganisa ukuguqulwa okune kwama-flash drives asukela ku-32 kuya ku-256 GB. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululo zabathengi, i-WD Purple iye yajwayelaniswa ngokuqondile nezinhlelo zesimanje zokubhekwa kwamavidiyo edijithali ngokwethula inani lentuthuko ebalulekile:
- ukumelana nomswakama (umkhiqizo ungamelana nokucwiliswa ekujuleni kwemitha elingu-1 emanzini ahlanzekile noma anosawoti) kanye nezinga lokushisa elinwetshiwe lokusebenza (kusuka -25 °C ukuya +85 °C) livumela amakhadi e-WD Purple ukuthi asetshenziswe ngokulinganayo ekuhlomiseni kokubili. amadivaysi angaphakathi nangaphandle okuqoshwa kwevidiyo kungakhathaliseki isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu;
- ukuvikelwa emasimini kazibuthe amile ngokungeniswa kuze kufike ku-5000 Gauss kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza okuqinile nokushaqeka kuze kufike ku-500 g kuqede ngokuphelele amathuba okulahlekelwa idatha ebalulekile ngisho noma ikhamera yevidiyo yonakalisiwe;
- isisetshenziswa esiqinisekisiwe semijikelezo yokuhlela/yokwesula eyi-1000 ikuvumela ukuthi unwebe impilo yesevisi yememori khadi izikhathi eziningi, ngisho nakwimodi yokurekhoda yewashi futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, unciphise kakhulu izindleko eziphezulu zokugcina uhlelo lokuphepha;
- umsebenzi wokuqapha okukude usiza ukuqapha ngokushesha isimo sekhadi ngalinye futhi uhlele ngokuphumelelayo umsebenzi wokunakekela, okusho ukuthi ukwandisa ngokwengeziwe ukwethembeka kwengqalasizinda yezokuphepha;
- Ukuthobelana ne-UHS Speed Class 3 kanye ne-Video Speed Class 30 (yamakhadi angu-128 GB noma ngaphezulu) kwenza amakhadi e-WD Purple alungele ukusetshenziswa kumakhamera anencazelo ephezulu, okuhlanganisa amamodeli e-panoramic.
Ulayini we-WD Purple SC QD312 Extreme Endurance uhlanganisa amamodeli amathathu: 64, 128 kanye namagigabhayithi angu-256. Ngokungafani ne-WD Purple QD102, lawa makhadi angakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo omkhulu kakhulu: impilo yawo yokusebenza imijikelezo engu-3000 P/E, okwenza lezi zishayeli ze-flash zibe yisixazululo esifanelekile sokusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezivikelwe kakhulu lapho ukuqoshwa kwenziwa khona 24/7.
Source: www.habr.com