Sekuyisikhathi eside sijwayele ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT azibandakanyi nje kuphela ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo, kodwa futhi zibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi. I-DNS evela ku-Google, isitoreji samafu nokubamba okuvela e-Amazon, izikhungo zedatha ye-Facebook emhlabeni jikelele - eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule lokhu kwakubonakala kuwukufisa kakhulu, kodwa manje kuyinkambiso wonke umuntu ayijwayele.
Ngakho-ke, izinkampani ezine ezinkulu ze-IT ezimelwe i-Amazon, i-Google, iMicrosoft kanye ne-Facebook zaze zaqala ukutshala hhayi kuphela ezikhungweni zedatha namaseva ngokwazo, kodwa nasezintanjeni ezingemuva ngokwazo - okungukuthi, zangena endaweni okwakungokwesiko. kube indawo yesibopho sezakhiwo ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwahlulela ngemiphumela , i-quartet eshiwo yama-giants zobuchwepheshe ayibeki nje umbono wabo kumanethiwekhi asemhlabeni, kodwa emigwaqweni yokuxhumana ye-transcontinental yomgogodla, i.e. Sonke sinezintambo ezijwayelekile ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle.
Okumangaza kakhulu ukuthi asikho isidingo esiphuthumayo samanethiwekhi amasha manje, kodwa izinkampani zikhuphula amandla azo "ekugcineni." Ngeshwa, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola izibalo ezicacile mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwethrafikhi emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yabathengisi abaningi abasebenza ngobukhulu obufana "nokuthunyelwe kwezigidi ezingu-65 ku-Instagram nsuku zonke" noma "imibuzo yosesho lwe-N ku-Google" esikhundleni sama-petabytes asobala futhi aqondakalayo kochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe. . Singacabanga ngokucophelela ukuthi ithrafikhi yansuku zonke ingu-≈2,5*10^18 bytes noma cishe ama-petabytes angu-2500 edatha.
Esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani amanethiwekhi omgogodla wesimanje kufanele ande ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwensizakalo yokusakaza ye-Netflix kanye nokukhula okufanayo kwengxenye yeselula. Ngokuthambekela okuvamile ekukhuliseni ingxenye ebonwayo yokuqukethwe kwevidiyo ngokulungiswa ne-bitrate, kanye nokwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwethrafikhi yeselula ngumsebenzisi ngamunye (uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda sokwehla okuvamile kokuthengiswa kwamadivaysi eselula emhlabeni jikelele), umgogodla amanethiwekhi namanje awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi alayishwe ngokweqile.
Ake siphendukele ku :
Kunzima ngokubonakalayo ukunquma ukuthi mingaki imizila emisha ebekiwe, futhi isevisi ngokwayo ibuyekezwa cishe nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngomlando ocacile wezinguquko nanoma yiziphi ezinye izibalo ezihlanganisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke emithonjeni emidala. Ngokusho kolwazi kakade , umthamo wamanethiwekhi akhona e-intercontinental backbone ngo-2014 ayecishe abe ngu-58 Tbit/s lapho kwasetshenziswa kuphela ama-Tbit/s angama-24 kuphela:
Kulabo abagoba iminwe yabo ngokucasuka futhi balungiselela ukubhala: “Angikukholwa! Kancane kakhulu!”, ake sikukhumbuze esikhuluma ngakho traffic intercontinental, okungukuthi, i-priori ephansi kakhulu kunangaphakathi kwesifunda esithile, njengoba singakanqabi ukuthuthwa kwe-quantum futhi ayikho indlela yokucasha noma ukucasha ku-ping engu-300-400 ms.
Ngo-2015, kwabikezelwa ukuthi kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2020, isamba esingama-400 km wamakhebula omgogodla azobekwa ngaphesheya kolwandle, okwandisa kakhulu umthamo wenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke.
Kodwa-ke, uma sibheka izibalo eziboniswe kumephu engenhla, ikakhulukazi mayelana nomthwalo we-26 Tbit / s nesiteshi esiphelele se-58 Tbit / s, imibuzo yemvelo iyaphakama: kungani futhi kungani?
Okokuqala, iziqhwaga ze-IT zaqala ukwakha amanethiwekhi azo omgogodla ukuze kwandiswe ukuxhumana kwezingqalasizinda zangaphakathi zezinkampani emazwenikazi ahlukene. Kungenxa ye-ping eshiwo ngaphambilini cishe ingxenye yesibili phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili aphikisanayo emhlabeni lapho izinkampani ze-IT kufanele zibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza “komnotho” wazo. Lezi zinkinga zicindezela kakhulu i-Google ne-Amazon; abokuqala baqala ukubeka amanethiwekhi abo emuva ngo-2014, lapho benquma "ukubeka" ikhebula phakathi kogu olusempumalanga ye-United States ne-Japan ukuze baxhume izikhungo zabo zedatha, mayelana . Ukuze nje kuxhunywe izikhungo zedatha ezimbili ezihlukene, umdondoshiya wokusesha wawulungele ukusebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-300 futhi welula cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-10 ekhebula ngaphansi koLwandlekazi iPacific.
Uma noma ubani owayengazi noma akhohlwe, ukubeka ikhebula elingaphansi kwamanzi kuwumzamo wokwandisa inkimbinkimbi, kusukela ekucwilisweni kwezakhiwo eziqinisiwe ezinobubanzi obungafika kuhhafu wemitha ezindaweni ezigudle ugu futhi kuphele ngokuhlolwa kwezwe okungapheli ngokubeka ingxenye eyinhloko yepayipi. ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha amaningana. Uma kukhulunywa ngoLwandlekazi i-Pacific, ubunkimbinkimbi bukhuphuka kuphela ngokulingana nokujula kanye nenani lezintaba eziphansi kolwandle. Izenzakalo ezinjalo zidinga imikhumbi ekhethekile, ithimba lochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile futhi, empeleni, iminyaka eminingana yokusebenza kanzima, uma sicabangela ukufakwa kusukela esiteji sokuklama nokuhlola, eqinisweni, ukuthunywa kokugcina kwesigaba senethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha ungakwazi ukwengeza ukuhlanganiswa komsebenzi kanye nokwakhiwa kweziteshi zokudlulisa ogwini nohulumeni basekhaya, usebenze nezazi zemvelo eziqapha ukulondolozwa kogu oluhlala abantu abaningi (ukujula <200 m), njalonjalo.
Mhlawumbe imikhumbi emisha isetshenziswe eminyakeni yamuva, kodwa eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, imikhumbi eyinhloko yokubeka ikhebula yeHuawei efanayo (yebo, inkampani yaseShayina ingomunye wabaholi kule makethe) yayinomugqa oqinile ezinyangeni eziningi ezizayo. . Ngokumelene nesizinda salo lonke lolu lwazi, umsebenzi weziqhwaga zobuchwepheshe kule ngxenye ubukeka uthakazelisa ngokwengeziwe.
Isikhundla esisemthethweni sazo zonke izinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana (ukuzimela kusuka kumanethiwekhi ajwayelekile) ezikhungo zabo zedatha. Futhi nakhu ukuthi amamephu angaphansi kwamanzi abadlali bemakethe abahlukene abukeka kanjani ngokuya ngedatha :
Njengoba ubona kumamephu, izifiso ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu akuzona eze-Google noma i-Amazon, kodwa ezikaFacebook, osekunesikhathi eside yayeka ukuba “inkundla yokuxhumana nabantu.” Kukhona futhi intshisekelo ecacile yabo bonke abadlali abakhulu esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific, futhi yi-Microsoft kuphela esafinyelela Izwe Elidala. Uma nje ubala imigwaqo ewuthelawayeka ephawuliwe, ungathola ukuthi yilezi zinkampani ezine kuphela ezinabanikazi noma abanikazi abagcwele bemigqa ye-trunk engu-25 eseyakhiwe noma ehlelelwe ukwakhiwa, iningi lazo elifinyelela eJapan, China kanye yonke iSoutheast Asia. Ngaso leso sikhathi, sihlinzeka ngezibalo kuphela zeziqhwaga ezine ze-IT ezishiwo ngaphambilini, futhi ngaphandle kwazo, i-Alcatel, i-NEC, i-Huawei ne-Subcom nabo bazakhela awabo amanethiwekhi.
Sekukonke, inani lama-backbones ayimfihlo noma aphethwe ngasese likhule kakhulu kusukela ngo-2014, lapho i-Google imemezela ukuxhumana okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambilini kwesikhungo sayo sedatha sase-US esikhungweni sedatha eJapan:
Empeleni, ugqozi "sifuna ukuxhuma izikhungo zethu zedatha" akwanele: izinkampani azidingi uxhumano ngenxa yokuxhumeka. Kunalokho, bafuna ukuhlukanisa ulwazi oludluliswayo futhi bavikele ingqalasizinda yabo yangaphakathi.
Uma ukhipha isigqoko sikathayela ekhabetheni lakho, usiqondise futhi usiqinise, ungakha umbono oqaphile ngale ndlela elandelayo: manje sibheka ukuvela kokwakheka okusha kwe-Intanethi, empeleni okuyinkampani yomhlaba wonke. inethiwekhi. Uma ukhumbula leyo akhawunti ye-Amazon, i-Google, i-Facebook ne-Microsoft okungenani ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwethrafikhi emhlabeni (ukusingathwa kwe-Amazon, usesho lwe-Google nezinsizakalo, izinkundla zokuxhumana i-Facebook ne-Instagram namadeskithophu asebenzisa iWindows avela kuMicrosoft), lapho-ke udinga ukukhipha cap yesibili. Ngoba ngombono, ngombono ongacacile kakhulu, uma amaphrojekthi afana ne-Google Fiber (lena i-Google izame isandla sayo njengomhlinzeki wabantu) ivela ezifundeni, manje-ke manje sibona ukuvela kwe-intanethi yesibili, okwamanje ehambisana nezivele zakhiwe . Yeka ukuthi i-dystopian kanye ne-delusional lokhu - zinqumele wena.
Abasebenzisi ababhalisiwe kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kuhlolovo. , wamukelekile.
Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi lokhu empeleni kufana nokwakha "i-inthanethi efanayo" noma ingabe siyasola?
-
Yebo, kubonakala.
-
Cha, badinga nje ukuxhumana okuzinzile phakathi kwezikhungo zedatha futhi azikho izinsongo lapha.
-
Ngokuqinisekile udinga isigqoko se-tin foil esiqinile kancane, lesi sibuhlungu kancane embongolweni.
-
Inguqulo yakho kumazwana.
Bangu-25 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-4 bayenqaba.
Source: www.habr.com