Naphezu kokuvela kwe-VPS eshibhile, ukusingathwa kwewebhu kwendabuko ngeke kufe. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili zokubamba iwebhusayithi nokuthi iyiphi engcono.
Kuwebhusayithi yabo bonke abahlinzeki abazihloniphayo kuzoba khona ukuqhathanisa ukusingathwa kwewebhu okujwayelekile namaseva abonakalayo. Ababhali bezindatshana baqaphela ukufana kwe-VPS nemishini ebonakalayo futhi badweba ukufana phakathi kwayo nezindlu zabo, banikeze amaseva ewebhu abelwe indima yamafulethi omphakathi. Kunzima ukuphikisana nencazelo enjalo, nakuba sizozama ukungacacisi. Ake sibheke sijule kancane kunezifaniso ezikha phezulu futhi sihlaziye izici zenketho ngayinye kubasebenzisi abasaqalayo.
Ngabe ukusingathwa kwendabuko kusebenza kanjani?
Ukuze iseva yewebhu ikwazi ukukhonza amasayithi ahlukahlukene, okuthiwa. Igama elisuselwe kumsingathi obonakalayo. Iphrothokholi ye-HTTP ithatha ithuba lokudlulisa njengengxenye yesicelo (indawo yensiza efanayo) - lokhu kuvumela isevisi ukuthi iqonde ukuthi isiphequluli noma olunye uhlelo lweklayenti lufinyelela kuyiphi isayithi. Okusele nje ukubopha igama lesizinda ekhelini le-IP olifunayo futhi ucacise umkhombandlela wempande womsingathi obonakalayo ekucushweni. Ngemva kwalokhu, ungasabalalisa amafayela esayithi abasebenzisi abahlukene ohlwini lwemibhalo lwasekhaya futhi uvule ukufinyelela nge-FTP ukuze uphathwe.
Ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziseceleni kweseva (imibhalo ehlukahlukene noma izinhlelo zokuphatha okuqukethwe - i-CMS) ziqaliswe ngamalungelo omsebenzisi othile ongusokhaya, indlela ekhethekile ye-suexec yadalwa ku-Apache. Kuyacaca ukuthi izilungiselelo zokuphepha zeseva yewebhu azivumeli abasebenzisi ukuthi bagxambukele engadini yomunye umuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile ngempela kubukeka njengendlu yomphakathi enamagumbi ahlukene kanye nekheli le-IP elivamile lamakhulu amasayithi. Iseva yedathabheyisi (imvamisa i-MySQL) yabasingathi be-virtual nayo iyabelwa, kodwa umsebenzisi ongusokhaya unokufinyelela kuphela kusizindalwazi sakhe siqu. Yonke isofthiwe yeseva ngaphandle kwemibhalo yesayithi igcinwa umhlinzeki; amaklayenti awakwazi ukushintsha ukumisa kwawo ngokubona kwawo. Inqubo yokuphatha i-akhawunti iyazenzakalela: ngalezi zinhloso, umsingathi ngamunye unephaneli yewebhu ekhethekile ongaphatha ngayo izinsiza.
Isebenza kanjani i-VPS?
Ukuqhathanisa amaseva abonakalayo nangokwenyama akulungile ngokuphelele, njengoba i-VPS eminingi isebenza kumsingathi oyedwa "wensimbi". Ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, leli akuseyona indawo yokuhlala yomphakathi, kodwa isakhiwo esinendlu yokungena evamile kanye nezakhiwo ezivamile ezithwala imithwalo. Ukwakha "amafulethi" ahlukene (i-VPS) ngaphakathi "kwendlu" eyodwa (iseva yomzimba), amathuluzi avela ohlelweni lokusebenza olufakwe kumsingathi kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene be-virtualization busetshenziswa.
Uma kusetshenziswa i-virtualization yezinga le-OS, izinqubo zeklayenti zimane zisebenze endaweni ecezile (noma uhlobo oluthile lwesiqukathi) futhi aziboni izinsiza zabanye abantu nezinqubo. Kulokhu, i-OS yesivakashi ehlukile ayiqali, okusho ukuthi isofthiwe endaweni yesivakashi kufanele ihambisane kanambambili nesistimu ekusokhaya ongokoqobo - ngokuvamile, amaklayenti anikezwa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux okulungiselwe le ndlela ngokukhethekile. ukusebenza. Kukhona nezinketho ezithuthuke kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukulingisa umshini womzimba, ongasebenzisa kuwo cishe noma iyiphi i-OS yesivakashi, ngisho nasesithombeni sakho sokufaka.
Ngokombono womlawuli, noma iyiphi i-VPS ayihlukile kakhulu kuseva ebonakalayo. Lapho uyala isevisi, i-hoster ihambisa ukucushwa okukhethiwe, bese ukugcinwa kwesistimu kuwela emahlombe eklayenti. Kulesi simo, ungafaka isofthiwe edingekayo futhi uyilungiselele ngendlela ofisa ngayo - inkululeko ephelele yokukhetha iseva yewebhu, inguqulo ye-PHP, iseva yedathabhesi, njll. I-VPS nayo inekheli layo le-IP, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi wabelane ngayo nomakhelwane abayikhulu noma ngaphezulu. Lapha sizoqeda ukuchaza umehluko omkhulu futhi siqhubekele ebuhleni nasebubini lapho ukukhetha kwesixazululo kuncike khona.
Iyiphi inketho elula futhi elula?
Ukusingathwa okubonakalayo akudingi ukuphathwa kwendawo esekela isayithi. Iklayenti akudingeki ukuthi ifake, ilungiselele futhi ibuyekeze uhlelo kanye nesofthiwe yesicelo ngokwayo, futhi kwezinye izimo iphaneli yokulawula yokubamba ikuvumela ukuthi ufake i-CMS - le nketho ibukeka ikhangayo kwabaqalayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imisebenzi yokulungisa kahle i-CMS kusazodingeka ixazululwe ngokuzimela, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, umkhawulo wokungena ophansi ufihla ukuguquguquka okuncane kwesixazululo. Ukukhethwa kwesofthiwe kuzonqunyelwa: ekusingatheni okwabiwe awukwazi, isibonelo, ukushintsha inguqulo ye-PHP noma i-MySQL ngokuthanda kwakho, kungasaphathwa ukufaka iphakheji yangaphandle noma ukhethe elinye iphaneli lokulawula - kuzodingeka usebenzise amathuluzi anikezwa umhlinzeki wesevisi. Uma umhlinzeki wakho ethuthukisa iseva, izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza zewebhu zingase zibe nezinkinga zokuhambisana nesofthiwe.
I-VPS ayinakho lokhu kungalungile kokusingathwa kwendabuko. Iklayenti lingakhetha i-OS eliyidingayo (hhayi i-Linux) futhi lifake noma iyiphi isofthiwe. Kuzodingeka umise futhi ulawule imvelo ngokwakho, kodwa inqubo ingenziwa lula - bonke abasingathi banikeza ukufaka ngokushesha iphaneli yokulawula kuseva ebonakalayo, eyenza inqubo yokuphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Siyabonga ngakho, ngeke kube nomehluko omkhulu ebunzimeni bokuphatha phakathi kokusingatha kwendabuko kanye ne-VPS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho onqabela ukufaka iphaneli yakho, engafakiwe ohlwini lwezaphulelo zomhlinzeki. Ngokuvamile, i-overhead yokuphatha i-VPS ayiphezulu kangako, futhi ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwesixazululo kunokukhokha ezinye zezindleko zomsebenzi ezengeziwe.
Iyiphi inketho ephephile futhi enokwethenjelwa?
Kungase kubonakale sengathi ukusingatha amawebhusayithi ekusingatheni kwendabuko kuphephe kakhudlwana. Izinsiza zabasebenzisi abahlukene zihlukaniswe ngokuthembekile komunye nomunye, futhi umhlinzeki uqapha ukuhambisana kwesofthiwe yeseva - lena inketho enhle kakhulu, kodwa kuphela ekuboneni kokuqala. Abahlaseli abaxhaphazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ubungozi kusofthiwe yesistimu; ngokuvamile amasayithi agqekezwa kusetshenziswa izimbobo ezingapeyishiwe kumaskripthi kanye nezilungiselelo ezingavikelekile zezinhlelo zokuphatha okuqukethwe. Ngalo mqondo, ukusingathwa kwendabuko akunazo izinzuzo - izinsiza zeklayenti zisebenza ku-CMS efanayo - kodwa kunenqwaba yokubi.
Inkinga enkulu ngokubamba okwabiwe ikheli le-IP okwabelwana ngalo lamakhulu wamasayithi avela kubasebenzisi abahlukene. Uma omunye womakhelwane bakho egetshengwa abese eqala, isibonelo, ukuthumela ugaxekile ngakho noma enze ezinye izinto ezinonya, ikheli elivamile lingagcina lisohlwini oluhlukahlukene lwabavinjiwe. Kulokhu, wonke amaklayenti awo amasayithi asebenzisa i-IP efanayo azohlupheka. Uma umakhelwane engena ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS noma edala umthwalo oweqile kuzinsiza zekhompyutha, “abaqashi” abasele beseva bazohlupheka. Kulula kakhulu kumhlinzeki ukuphatha ukwabiwa kwezabelo ze-VPS ngayinye; ngaphezu kwalokho, iseva ebonakalayo yabelwe i-IP ehlukile futhi hhayi eyodwa kuphela: unga-oda noma iyiphi inombolo yazo, isevisi yokuvikela ye-DDoS eyengeziwe, i-anti. -isevisi ye-virus, njll. Mayelana nokuphepha nokuthembeka, i-VPS iphakeme kunokusingatha ngokwesiko; udinga nje ukubuyekeza izinhlelo ezifakiwe ngesikhathi esifanele.
Iyiphi inketho eshibhile?
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, impendulo yalo mbuzo yayingacacile - nakho konke ukushiyeka kwayo, igumbi efulethini lomphakathi lalishibhile kakhulu kunefulethi elihlukile. Imboni ayimile futhi manje i-VPS eminingi yesabelomali ivele emakethe: nathi ungakwazi iseva yakho ebonakalayo ku-Linux ngama-ruble ayi-130 ngenyanga. Ngokwesilinganiso, inyanga yokusebenza kwesabelomali se-VPS izobiza iklayenti ama-ruble ayi-150 - 250; ngamanani anjalo, asikho isidingo sokubekezelela izinkinga zokusingathwa kwendabuko, ngaphandle kwalapho udinga ukusingatha izingosi zekhadi lebhizinisi ezilula iseva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ze-virtual hosting tariff zikhawulela inani lamasayithi kanye nemininingwane yolwazi, kuyilapho ku-VPS iklayenti inqunyelwe kuphela umthamo wokugcina kanye nekhono lekhompyutha leseva.
Source: www.habr.com