Ezihlokweni ezedlule, sesike sabheka ukuthi iyini i-IdM, uqonda kanjani ukuthi inhlangano yakho iyaludinga yini uhlelo olunjalo, yiziphi izinkinga ezixazululayo, kanye nendlela yokufakazela ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwesabelomali kubaphathi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezigaba ezibalulekile inhlangano ngokwayo okufanele idlule kuzo ukuze ifinyelele izinga elifanele lokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-IdM. Phela, i-IdM yakhelwe ukwenza izinqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukwenza isiphithiphithi.
Inkampani kuze kube yilapho ikhula ifinyelela kusayizi webhizinisi elikhulu futhi isiqongelele amasistimu ebhizinisi amaningi ahlukene, ngokuvamile ayicabangi ngokulawula ukufinyelela. Ngakho-ke, izinqubo zokuthola amalungelo namandla okulawula kuwo azihlelwanga futhi kunzima ukuzihlaziya. Izisebenzi zigcwalisa izicelo zokufinyelela ngendlela ezifisa ngayo; inqubo yokugunyaza nayo ayenzelwanga ngokusemthethweni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ivele ingabi khona. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola ngokushesha ukuthi yikuphi ukufinyelela isisebenzi esinakho, ukuthi ubani okugunyazile futhi ngasiphi isisekelo.
Uma sicabangela ukuthi inqubo yokufinyelela ngokuzenzakalelayo ithinta izici ezimbili eziyinhloko - idatha yabasebenzi kanye nedatha evela ezinhlelweni zolwazi okumele kuhlanganiswe ngazo, sizocabangela izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-IdM kuhamba kahle futhi akubangeli ukwenqatshwa:
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezinqubo zabasebenzi kanye nokwenza kahle kokusekelwa kwesizindalwazi sabasebenzi ezinhlelweni zabasebenzi.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yabasebenzisi namalungelo, kanye nokubuyekeza izindlela zokulawula ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni eziqondiwe ezihlelelwe ukuxhunywa ku-IdM.
- Imisebenzi yenhlangano kanye nokuzibandakanya kwabasebenzi ohlelweni lokulungiselela ukuqaliswa kwe-IdM.
Idatha yabasebenzi
Kungase kube nomthombo owodwa wedatha yezisebenzi enhlanganweni, noma kungase kube eminingana. Isibonelo, inhlangano ingaba nenethiwekhi yamagatsha ebanzi, futhi igatsha ngalinye lingasebenzisa isizinda salo sabasebenzi.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi idatha eyisisekelo mayelana nabasebenzi egcinwe ohlelweni lwamarekhodi abasebenzi, yiziphi izenzakalo ezirekhodiwe, futhi uhlole ukuphelela kanye nesakhiwo sabo.
Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi akuzona zonke izenzakalo zabasebenzi eziphawulwe emthonjeni wabasebenzi (futhi kaningi ziphawulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi azikho kahle ngokuphelele). Nazi izibonelo ezijwayelekile:
- Amaqabunga, izigaba zawo kanye nemibandela (evamile noma yesikhathi eside) ayirekhodiwe;
- Ukuqashwa kwetoho akurekhodiwe: isibonelo, ngenkathi usekhefini lesikhathi eside lokunakekela ingane, isisebenzi singasebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa;
- isimo sangempela sekhandidethi noma umsebenzi sesishintshile kakade (ukwamukela/ukudluliselwa/ukuxoshwa), futhi umyalo mayelana nalesi senzakalo ukhishwa ngokubambezeleka;
- umsebenzi udluliselwa esikhundleni esisha esijwayelekile ngokuxoshwa, kanti uhlelo lwabasebenzi alurekhodi ulwazi lokuthi lokhu ukuxoshwa kobuchwepheshe.
Kufanelekile futhi ukunaka okukhethekile ekuhloleni ikhwalithi yedatha, njengoba noma imaphi amaphutha nokunganembile okutholwe emthonjeni othembekile, okuyizinhlelo zakwa-HR, kungabiza kakhulu esikhathini esizayo futhi kubangele izinkinga eziningi lapho kuqaliswa i-IdM. Isibonelo, abasebenzi bakwa-HR bavame ukufaka izikhundla zezisebenzi ohlelweni lwabasebenzi ngamafomethi ahlukene: izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izifinyezo, izinombolo ezihlukene zezikhala, nokunye okunjalo. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhundla esifanayo singarekhodwa ohlelweni lwabasebenzi ngokuhlukahluka okulandelayo:
- Umphathi omkhulu
- umphathi omkhulu
- umphathi omkhulu
- Art. umphathi...
Ngokuvamile kufanele ubhekane nokwehluka ekupelweni kwegama lakho:
- Shmeleva Natalya Gennadievna,
- Shmeleva Natalia Gennadievna...
Ukuze uthole okunye okuzenzakalelayo, i-jumble enjalo akwamukeleki, ikakhulukazi uma lezi zimfanelo ziwuphawu oluyinhloko lokuhlonza, okungukuthi, idatha emayelana nomsebenzi namandla akhe kumasistimu iqhathaniswa ngokuqondile negama eligcwele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nokuba khona okungenzeka kwamagama namagama aphelele enkampanini. Uma inhlangano inabasebenzi abayinkulungwane, kungase kube khona okufanayo okufanayo, kodwa uma kukhona izinkulungwane ezingu-50, lokhu kungaba isithiyo esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kohlelo lwe-IdM.
Sifingqa konke lokhu okungenhla, siphetha ngokuthi: ifomethi yokufaka idatha kusizindalwazi sabasebenzi benhlangano kufanele ifane. Imingcele yokufaka amagama, izikhundla neminyango kufanele ichazwe ngokucacile. Indlela engcono kakhulu lapho isisebenzi sakwa-HR singayifaki idatha mathupha, kodwa siyikhetha ohlwini lwemibhalo olwakhiwe kusengaphambili lwesakhiwo seminyango nezikhundla kusetshenziswa umsebenzi othi “khetha” otholakala kusizindalwazi sabasebenzi.
Ukuze ugweme amanye amaphutha okuvumelanisa futhi kungadingeki ulungise mathupha ukungezwani emibikweni, indlela ekhethwa kakhulu yokuhlonza abasebenzi ukufaka umazisi kubo bonke abasebenzi benhlangano. Isihlonzi esinjalo sizonikezwa isisebenzi esisha ngasinye futhi sizovela kokubili ohlelweni lwabasebenzi nasezinhlelweni zolwazi zenhlangano njengesibaluli se-akhawunti esiyisibopho. Akunandaba ukuthi iqukethe izinombolo noma izinhlamvu, into eyinhloko ukuthi ihlukile kumsebenzi ngamunye (isibonelo, abantu abaningi basebenzisa inombolo yabasebenzi besisebenzi). Ngokuzayo, ukwethulwa kwalesi sici kuzosiza kakhulu ukuxhumanisa idatha yesisebenzi emthonjeni wabasebenzi nama-akhawunti akhe neziphathimandla ezinhlelweni zolwazi.
Ngakho-ke, zonke izinyathelo nezindlela zamarekhodi abasebenzi kuzodingeka zihlaziywe futhi zibekwe ngendlela. Kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye izinqubo kuzodingeka zishintshwe noma zilungiswe. Lona umsebenzi oyisicefe futhi onzima, kodwa uyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuntuleka kwedatha ecacile nehlelekile ezenzakalweni zabasebenzi kuzoholela emaphutha ekucubunguleni kwabo okuzenzakalelayo. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, izinqubo ezingahleliwe ngeke zikwazi ukuzenzakalela nhlobo.
Amasistimu okuhlosiwe
Esigabeni esilandelayo, sidinga ukuthola ukuthi mangaki amasistimu olwazi esifuna ukuwahlanganisa esakhiweni se-IdM, iyiphi idatha emayelana nabasebenzisi namalungelo abo agcinwe kulawa masistimu, nokuthi angaphathwa kanjani.
Ezinhlanganweni eziningi, kunombono wokuthi sizofaka i-IdM, silungise izixhumi ezinhlelweni eziqondiwe, futhi ngegagasi lenduku yomlingo konke kuzosebenza, ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe kithi. Lokho, maye, akwenzeki. Ezinkampanini, isimo sezinhlelo zolwazi siyathuthuka futhi sikhula kancane kancane. Isistimu ngayinye ingaba nendlela ehlukile yokunikeza amalungelo okufinyelela, okungukuthi, izixhumi ezibonakalayo zokulawula ukufinyelela zingalungiselelwa. Ukulawula endaweni ethile kwenzeka nge-API (isikhombikubona sohlelo lohlelo lokusebenza), endaweni ethile ngokusebenzisa isizindalwazi kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezigciniwe, endaweni ethile kungase kungabi khona ukuxhumana phakathi kwanhlobo. Kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi kuzodingeka ucabange kabusha izinqubo eziningi ezikhona zokuphatha ama-akhawunti namalungelo ezinhlelweni zenhlangano: shintsha ifomethi yedatha, uthuthukise izixhumanisi zokusebenzisana kusengaphambili futhi unikeze izinsiza zalo msebenzi.
Isibonelo
Cishe uzohlangana nomqondo wesibonelo esihle esigabeni sokukhetha umhlinzeki wesixazululo se-IdM, njengoba lokhu kungomunye wemiqondo ebalulekile emkhakheni wokuphathwa kwamalungelo okufinyelela. Kule modeli, ukufinyelela kudatha kunikezwa ngendima. Indima isethi yokufinyelela okungadingeki kancane kusisebenzi esisesimweni esithile ukuze senze imisebenzi yaso yemfanelo.
Ukulawulwa kokufinyelela okusekelwe endimeni kunezinzuzo eziningi ezingenakuphikwa:
- kulula futhi kuyaphumelela ukunikeza amalungelo afanayo inani elikhulu labasebenzi;
- ukushintsha ngokushesha ukufinyelela kwabasebenzi abanesethi efanayo yamalungelo;
- ukususa ukuphindaphindeka kwamalungelo kanye nokunqamula amandla angahambisani kubasebenzisi.
I-matrix yendima iqala yakhiwe ngokwehlukana ohlelweni ngalunye lwenhlangano, bese ilinganiswa kuwo wonke ukwakheka kwe-IT, lapho izindima zeBhizinisi lomhlaba wonke zakhiwa khona ngezindima zohlelo ngalunye. Isibonelo, indima yeBhizinisi “I-Akhawuntingi” izobandakanya izindima ezimbalwa ezihlukene zesistimu yolwazi ngayinye esetshenziswa emnyangweni wokubala webhizinisi.
Muva nje, kubhekwa "umkhuba ongcono kakhulu" ukudala isibonelo ngisho nasesiteji sokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, imininingwane yolwazi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuvame ukuba nezimo lapho izindima zingahlelwanga ohlelweni noma zivele zingabi khona. Kulesi simo, umlawuli walolu hlelo kufanele afake ulwazi lwe-akhawunti kumafayela amaningana ahlukene, amalabhulali kanye nezinkomba ezihlinzeka ngezimvume ezidingekayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindima ezichazwe ngaphambilini kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze amalungelo okwenza lonke uhla lwemisebenzi kusistimu enedatha eyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi.
Izindima ohlelweni lolwazi, njengomthetho, zisakazwa ezikhundleni neminyango ngokuya ngesakhiwo sabasebenzi, kodwa futhi zingadalelwa izinqubo ezithile zebhizinisi. Isibonelo, enhlanganweni yezezimali, abasebenzi abaningana bomnyango wokuxazulula bathatha isikhundla esifanayo - opharetha. Kodwa ngaphakathi komnyango kukhona futhi ukusatshalaliswa ngezinqubo ezihlukene, ngokusho kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokusebenza (zangaphandle noma zangaphakathi, ngemali ehlukene, ngezigaba ezahlukene zenhlangano). Ukuze kuhlinzekwe indawo ngayinye yebhizinisi yomnyango owodwa ngokufinyelela ohlelweni lolwazi ngokuya ngemininingwane edingekayo, kuyadingeka ukufaka amalungelo ezindimeni zomsebenzi ngamunye. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngesethi encane yamandla eyanele, engafaki amalungelo angasebenzi, endaweni ngayinye yomsebenzi.
Ukwengeza, kumasistimu amakhulu anamakhulu ezindima, izinkulungwane zabasebenzisi, nezigidi zezimvume, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukusebenzisa i-hierarchy yezindima kanye nenzuzo yefa. Isibonelo, indima yomzali Umlawuli uzodla ifa amalungelo ezindima zengane: Umsebenzisi nomfundi, njengoba uMlawuli engenza yonke into eyenziwa uMsebenzisi nomfundi, futhi uzoba namalungelo okuphatha engeziwe. Ngokusebenzisa ukulandelana, asikho isidingo sokuphinda ucacise amalungelo afanayo ezindimeni eziningi zemojuli efanayo noma isistimu.
Esigabeni sokuqala, ungakha izindima kulezo zinhlelo lapho inani elingenzeka lenhlanganisela yamalungelo lingelikhulu kakhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kulula ukuphatha inani elincane lezindima. Lawa kungase kube amalungelo avamile adingwa yibo bonke abasebenzi benkampani kumasistimu afinyeleleka esidlangalaleni njenge-Active Directory (AD), amasistimu wemeyili, Umphathi Wesevisi nokunye okunjalo. Bese-ke, ama-matrices endima adaliwe wezinhlelo zolwazi angafakwa kumodeli yendima evamile, ehlanganiswe nezindima zeBhizinisi.
Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, esikhathini esizayo, lapho kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-IdM, kuzoba lula ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke inqubo yokunikeza amalungelo okufinyelela ngokusekelwe kuzindima ezidaliwe zesigaba sokuqala.
NB Akufanele uzame ukufaka ngokushesha amasistimu amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ekuhlanganiseni. Kungcono ukuxhuma amasistimu anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi ufinyelele isakhiwo sokuphathwa kwamalungelo ku-IdM ngemodi ezenzakalelayo esigabeni sokuqala. Okungukuthi, sebenzisa, ngokusekelwe ezenzakalweni zabasebenzi, kuphela isizukulwane esizenzakalelayo sesicelo sokufinyelela, esizothunyelwa kumlawuli ukuze abulawe, futhi uzolungisa amalungelo ngesandla.
Ngemuva kokuqeda ngempumelelo isigaba sokuqala, unganweba ukusebenza kwesistimu kuzinqubo zebhizinisi ezinwetshiwe, usebenzise i-automation egcwele kanye nokukala ngokuxhumeka kwezinhlelo zolwazi olwengeziwe.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuze kulungiselelwe ukuqaliswa kwe-IdM, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukulungela kwezinhlelo zolwazi zenqubo entsha futhi kuphothulwe kusenesikhathi izixhumanisi zangaphandle zokuphatha ama-akhawunti abasebenzisi namalungelo abasebenzisi, uma lezo zixhumanisi zingekho. etholakala ohlelweni. Udaba lokudalwa kwesinyathelo nesinyathelo sezindima ezinhlelweni zolwazi zokulawulwa kokufinyelela okuphelele nakho kufanele kubhekwe.
Imicimbi yenhlangano
Unganciphisi izinkinga zenhlangano futhi. Kwezinye izimo, bangadlala indima ebalulekile, ngoba umphumela wayo yonke iphrojekthi ngokuvamile uncike ekusebenzelaneni okuphumelelayo phakathi kweminyango. Ukwenza lokhu, sivame ukweluleka ukudala ithimba labahlanganyeli benqubo enhlanganweni, elizofaka yonke iminyango ehilelekile. Njengoba lokhu kuwumthwalo owengeziwe kubantu, zama ukuchaza kusengaphambili kubo bonke abahlanganyeli enqubweni yesikhathi esizayo indima yabo nokubaluleka kwesakhiwo sokusebenzisana. Uma "uthengisa" umbono we-IdM kozakwenu kulesi sigaba, ungagwema ubunzima obuningi ngokuzayo.
Ngokuvamile iminyango yezokuphepha yolwazi noma iminyango ye-IT “ingabanikazi” bephrojekthi yokuqaliswa kwe-IdM enkampanini, futhi imibono yeminyango yebhizinisi ayinakwa. Lokhu kuyiphutha elikhulu, ngoba yibona kuphela abazi ukuthi kanjani futhi kuziphi izinqubo zebhizinisi insiza ngayinye isetshenziswa, ngubani okufanele anikezwe ukufinyelela kuyo nokuthi ngubani okungafanele. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sokulungiselela, kubalulekile ukukhombisa ukuthi ngumnikazi webhizinisi onesibopho semodeli yokusebenza ngesisekelo sokuthi amasethi amalungelo abasebenzisi (izindima) ohlelweni lolwazi athuthukiswayo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zindima zigcinwa zihambisana nesikhathi. Imodeli ayiyona i-matrix emile eyakhiwe kanye futhi ungakwazi ukuzola kuyo. Lona “umzimba ophilayo” okufanele uhlale ushintsha, ubuyekeze futhi uthuthuke, kulandela izinguquko ezakhiweni zenhlangano kanye nokusebenza kwabasebenzi. Kungenjalo, noma yiziphi izinkinga zizovela ezihlobene nokubambezeleka ekunikezeni ukufinyelela, noma ubungozi bokuphepha bolwazi buzovela obuhambisana namalungelo okufinyelela eqile, okubi nakakhulu.
Njengoba nazi, "abazanyana abayisikhombisa banengane engenaso iso," ngakho-ke inkampani kufanele yakhe indlela echaza ukwakheka kwesibonelo, ukusebenzelana kanye nesibopho sabahlanganyeli abathile ohlelweni lokuyigcina isesimweni. Uma inkampani inezindawo eziningi zomsebenzi webhizinisi futhi, ngokufanelekile, izigaba eziningi neminyango, khona-ke endaweni ngayinye (isibonelo, ukuboleka, umsebenzi wokusebenza, izinsizakalo ezikude, ukuthobela umthetho nokunye) njengengxenye yenqubo yokuphatha ukufinyelela okusekelwe endimeni, kuyadingeka ukuqoka ama-curators ahlukene. Ngazo kuzokwazi ukuthola ngokushesha ulwazi mayelana nezinguquko ohlelweni lomnyango kanye namalungelo okufinyelela adingekayo endimeni ngayinye.
Kubalulekile ukuthola ukwesekwa kwabaphathi benhlangano ukuze kuxazululwe izimo zokungqubuzana phakathi kweminyango ebambe iqhaza kulolu hlelo. Futhi ukungqubuzana lapho wethula noma iyiphi inqubo entsha akunakugwenywa, kholwa isipiliyoni sethu. Ngakho-ke, sidinga umlamuli ozoxazulula ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo okungenzeka, ukuze singachithi isikhathi ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle nokucekela phansi omunye umuntu.
NB Indawo enhle yokuqala ukuqwashisa ukuqeqesha abasebenzi bakho. Ucwaningo oluningiliziwe ngokusebenza kwenqubo yesikhathi esizayo kanye nendima yomhlanganyeli ngamunye kuyo kuzonciphisa ubunzima bokudlulela esixazululweni esisha.
Uhlu lokuhlola
Ukufingqa, sifingqa izinyathelo ezibalulekile inhlangano ehlela ukusebenzisa i-IdM okufanele izithathe:
- ukuletha i-oda kudatha yabasebenzi;
- faka ipharamitha yokuhlonza ehlukile yesisebenzi ngasinye;
- ukuhlola ukulungela kwezinhlelo zolwazi ukuze kusetshenziswe i-IDM;
- thuthukisa izixhumanisi zokusebenzelana nezinhlelo zolwazi zokulawula ukufinyelela, uma zishoda, futhi abele izinsiza zalo msebenzi;
- ukuthuthukisa nokwakha isibonelo esihle;
- ukwakha inqubo yokuphatha eyisibonelo esihle futhi kubandakanye abaqaphi abavela endaweni ngayinye yebhizinisi kuyo;
- khetha amasistimu ambalwa okuxhumana kokuqala ku-IdM;
- dala ithimba lephrojekthi eliphumelelayo;
- thola ukwesekwa kubaphathi benkampani;
- abasebenzi bezitimela.
Inqubo yokulungiselela ingaba nzima, ngakho-ke uma kungenzeka, faka abaxhumanisi.
Ukusebenzisa isixazululo se-IdM kuyisinyathelo esinzima nesinomthwalo wemfanelo, futhi ukuze sisetshenziswe ngempumelelo, kokubili imizamo yeqembu ngalinye ngabanye - abasebenzi beminyango yebhizinisi, i-IT kanye nezinsizakalo zokuphepha zolwazi, kanye nokuxhumana kwethimba lonke lilonke kubalulekile. Kodwa imizamo ikufanele: ngemva kokuqaliswa kwe-IdM enkampanini, inani lezehlakalo ezihlobene namandla amakhulu namalungelo angagunyaziwe ezinhlelweni zolwazi liyehla; isikhathi sokungasebenzi ngenxa yokuntula/ukulinda isikhathi eside amalungelo adingekayo siyanyamalala; Ngenxa yokuzenzakalela, izindleko zabasebenzi ziyancishiswa futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezabasebenzi kwe-IT kanye nezinsizakalo zokuphepha kolwazi kuyanda.
Source: www.habr.com