Intombazane ngesikuta. Umfanekiso freepik, Nomad logo from I-HashiCorp

I-Kubernetes i-gorilla engu-300-pound ye-orchestration ye-container. Isebenza kwezinye zeziqukathi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa iyabiza.

Ibiza kakhulu emaqenjini amancane, okuzodinga isikhathi esiningi sokusekelwa kanye nejika lokufunda eliwumqansa. Lokhu kungaphezu kwamandla ethu eqenjini lethu labane. Ngakho saqala ukufuna ezinye izindlela - futhi sathandana nayo Nomad.

Ufunani

Ithimba lethu lisekela inani elivamile lezinsizakalo zokuqapha nokusebenza kokuhlaziya: izindawo zokugcina ze-API zamamethrikhi abhalwe ku-Go, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-Prometheus, abahlaluli belogi njenge-Logstash kanye I-Gollum, kanye nemininingwane yolwazi efana ne-InfluxDB noma i-Elasticsearch. Ngayinye yalezi zinsizakalo isebenza esitsheni sayo. Sidinga isistimu elula ukuyigcina isebenza.

Siqale ngohlu lwezidingo ze-orchestration yesiqukathi:

• Ukwenza isethi yamasevisi emishinini eminingi.
• Ukubuka konke kwamasevisi asebenzayo.
• Izixhumanisi phakathi kwamasevisi.
• Qala kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo uma isevisi yehla.
• Ukugcinwa kwengqalasizinda yiqembu elincane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezilandelayo zizoba zinhle, kodwa zingadingeki izengezo:

• Imishini yokumaka ngokusekelwe emandleni ayo (isibonelo, imishini yokumaka enamadiski asheshayo wezinsizakalo ezisindayo ze-I/O).
• Ikhono lokusebenzisa izinsiza ngaphandle komculi we-orchestra (isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa).
• Indawo evamile yokwabelana ngokulungiselelwa nezimfihlo.
• Iphoyinti lokugcina lamamethrikhi namalogi.

Kungani uKubernetes engalungile ngathi

Njengoba senza umfuziselo nge-Kubernetes, siqaphele ukuthi sengeza izendlalelo eziya ngokuya ziyinkimbinkimbi zomqondo esithembele kuzo kakhulu.

Njengesibonelo, i-Kubernetes isekela ukulungiselelwa kwenkonzo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi nge I-ConfigMaps. Ungakwazi ukudideka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma uhlanganisa amafayela amaningi okumisa noma wengeza izinsiza ezengeziwe ku-pod. Kubernetes (or isigqoko sokuzivikela kulokhu) ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ngokuguquguqukayo ukulungiselelwa kwangaphandle ukuze uhlukanise ukukhathazeka. Kodwa lokhu kubangela ukuhlangana okuqinile, okufihliwe phakathi kwephrojekthi yakho ne-Kubernetes. Nokho, i-Helm ne-ConfigMaps yizinketho ezengeziwe, ngakho-ke akumele uzisebenzise. Ungamane ukopishe ukucushwa esithombeni se-Docker. Kodwa-ke, kuyalinga ukuthi wehle ngale ndlela futhi wakhe izinto ezingadingekile ongase uzisole ngazo kamuva.

Ukwengeza, i-ecosystem ye-Kubernetes ithuthuka ngokushesha. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi namandla ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngemikhuba emihle namathuluzi akamuva. Kubectl, minikube, kubeadm, helm, tiller, kops, oc - the list is on and on. Akuwona wonke la mathuluzi adingekayo uma uqala, kodwa awazi ukuthi uzodinga ini, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqaphela konke. Ngenxa yalokhu, ijika lokufunda liphakeme kakhulu.

Isetshenziswa nini i-Kubernetes

Enkampanini yethu, abantu abaningi basebenzisa i-Kubernetes futhi bajabule ngayo. Lezi zimo ziphathwa yi-Google noma i-Amazon, enezinsiza zokuzisekela.

Kubernetes iza ne izici ezimangalisayo, okwenza i-orchestration yesiqukathi ilawuleke kakhulu:

• Okuningiliziwe ukuphathwa kwamalungelo.
• Izilawuli ngokwezifiso engeza ingqondo ku-cluster. Lezi izinhlelo nje ezikhuluma ne-Kubernetes API.
• Ukukala okuzenzakalelayo! I-Kubernetes ingakala izinsiza ngokufunwayo isebenzisa amamethrikhi esevisi futhi ngaphandle kokudinga ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla.

Umbuzo uthi uyazidinga ngempela zonke lezi zici. Awukwazi ukuthembela nje ezintweni ezingasetshenziswa; kuzomele uthole ukuthi kwenzakalani ngaphansi kwesivalo.

Ithimba lethu lihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziningi ukude (ngenxa yokuxhumana okuseduze nengqalasizinda eyinhloko), ngakho-ke besingafuni ukukhulisa iqoqo lethu le-Kubernetes. Besifuna ukuhlinzeka ngamasevisi.

Amabhethri awafakiwe

I-Nomad ingu-20% we-orchestration ehlinzeka ngama-80% alokho okudingekayo. Ekwenzayo nje ukuphatha ukuthunyelwa. I-Nomad inakekela ukuthunyelwa, iqala kabusha iziqukathi uma kwenzeka kuba namaphutha... futhi kunjalo.

Lonke iphuzu likaNomad yilokho akwenzayo ubuncane: akukho ukuphathwa kwamalungelo ayimbudumbudu noma izinqubomgomo zenethiwekhi ezinwetshiwe, lokhu kuklanywe ngokukhethekile. Lezi zingxenye zinikezwa ngaphandle noma cha nhlobo.

Ngicabanga ukuthi uNomad uthole ukuvumelana okuphelele phakathi kokusebenziseka kalula nokusetshenziswa. Ilungele izinsiza ezincane, ezizimele. Uma udinga ukulawula okwengeziwe, kuzomele uzikhulise ngokwakho noma usebenzise indlela ehlukile. Nomad nje i-orchestrator.

Okuhle kakhulu ngoNomad ukuthi kulula buyisela. Cishe akukho ukuxhumana nomthengisi, njengoba imisebenzi yakhe ihlanganiswa kalula kunoma iyiphi enye isistimu ephethe izinsizakalo. Ivele isebenze njengebhanari evamile kuwo wonke umshini kuqoqo, yilokho kuphela!

I-Nomad ecosystem yezingxenye ezixhumene ngokuxekethile

Amandla angempela kaNomad yi-ecosystem yayo. Ihlanganisa kahle kakhulu nezinye - ozikhethela ngokuphelele - imikhiqizo efana Umthengi (isitolo senani elingukhiye) noma I-Vault (ukucubungula izimfihlo). Ngaphakathi kwefayela le-Nomad kunezigaba zokukhipha idatha kulawa masevisi:

template {
  data = <<EOH
LOG_LEVEL="{{key "service/geo-api/log-verbosity"}}"
API_KEY="{{with secret "secret/geo-api-key"}}{{.Data.value}}{{end}}"
EOH

  destination = "secrets/file.env"
  env         = true
}

Lapha sifunda ukhiye service/geo-api/log-verbosity kusuka ku-Consul futhi uyiveze kokuguquguquka kwemvelo ngesikhathi sokusebenza LOG_LEVEL. Sethula nokhiye secret/geo-api-key kusuka kuVault njengoba API_KEY. Ilula kodwa inamandla!

Ngenxa yobulula bayo, i-Nomad inwetshwa kalula nezinye izinsiza nge-API. Isibonelo, amathegi emisebenzi ayasekelwa. Simaka wonke amasevisi ngamamethrikhi trv-metrics. Ngale ndlela i-Prometheus ingathola kalula lezi zinsizakalo nge-Consul futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ihlole indawo yokugcina /metrics ngedatha entsha. Okufanayo kungenziwa, isibonelo, amalogi, usebenzisa Loki.

Kunezinye izibonelo eziningi zokunwebeka:

• Qalisa umsebenzi we-Jenkins usebenzisa ihhuku, futhi i-Consul iqapha ukuthunyelwa kabusha komsebenzi we-Nomad lapho ukulungiselelwa kwesevisi kushintsha.
• I-Ceph yengeza isistimu yefayela esabalalisiwe ku-Nomad.
• fabio yokulinganisa umthwalo.

Konke lokhu kuyakuvumela ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda ngaphandle kokuxhumana okukhethekile nomthengisi.

Isexwayiso esifanele

Alukho uhlelo olungenasici. Angincomi ukuthi ngethule ngokushesha izici ezintsha emkhiqizweni. Yiqiniso kukhona izimbungulu nezici ezingekho, kodwa okufanayo kuyasebenza ku-Kubernetes.

Uma kuqhathaniswa neKubernetes, umphakathi wakwaNomad awumkhulu kangako. I-Kubernetes isivele inezibophezelo ezingaba ngu-75 kanye nabanikelayo abangu-000, kuyilapho uNomad enezinto ezingaba ngu-2000 kanye nabanikelayo abangama-14. UNomad uzoba nesikhathi esinzima ukuhambisana nejubane likaKubernetes, kodwa mhlawumbe akudingekile! Iwuhlelo olukhethekile kakhulu, futhi umphakathi omncane ubuye usho ukuthi isicelo sakho sokudonsa cishe sizoqashelwa futhi samukelwe, uma siqhathaniswa ne-Kubernetes.

Isifingqo

Okubalulekile: Ungasebenzisi i-Kubernetes ngoba wonke umuntu uyakwenza. Hlola izidingo zakho ngokucophelela futhi uhlole ukuthi yiliphi ithuluzi elizuzisa kakhulu.

Uma uhlela ukuhambisa ithoni yezinsizakalo ezifanayo engqalasizinda enkulu, khona-ke i-Kubernetes iyindlela enhle. Qaphela nje inkimbinkimbi eyengeziwe nezindleko zokusebenza. Ezinye izindleko zingagwenywa ngokusebenzisa indawo ephethwe i-Kubernetes efana Injini yeGoogle Kubernetes noma I-Amazon EKS.

Uma nje ufuna i-orchestrator ethembekile okulula ukuyinakekela futhi ande, kungani ungazami uNomad? Ungase umangale ukuthi lokhu kuzokuthatha kude kangakanani.

Uma uKubernetes eqhathaniswa nemoto, uNomad uzoba isikuta. Kwesinye isikhathi udinga into eyodwa kwesinye isikhathi udinga enye. Bobabili banelungelo lokuba khona.

Source: www.habr.com