I-VPS ku-Linux ene-graphical interface: yethula iseva ye-VNC ku-Ubuntu 18.04

Abanye abasebenzisi baqasha i-VPS engabizi kakhulu ngeWindows ukuze basebenzise izinsiza zedeskithophu ezikude. Okufanayo kungenziwa ku-Linux ngaphandle kokusingatha ihadiwe yakho esikhungweni sedatha noma ukuqasha iseva ezinikezele. Abanye abantu badinga indawo eyisithombe evamile ukuze bahlolwe futhi bathuthukiswe, noma ideskithophu ekude enesiteshi esibanzi sokusebenza kumadivayisi eselula. Ziningi izinketho zokusebenzisa isistimu ye-Remote FrameBuffer (RFB) esekelwe kuphrothokholi ye-Virtual Network Computing (VNC). Kulesi sihloko esifushane sizokutshela ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani emshinini we-virtual nganoma iyiphi i-hypervisor.

Incazelo:

Ukukhetha iseva ye-VNC
Ukufakwa nokumiswa
Iqala isevisi nge-systemd
Uxhumano Lwedeskithophu

Ukukhetha iseva ye-VNC

Isevisi ye-VNC ingakhiwa ohlelweni lwe-virtualization, futhi i-hypervisor izoyixhuma namadivayisi alingisiwe futhi akukho ukucushwa okwengeziwe okuzodingeka. Le nketho ibandakanya okungaphezulu okubalulekile futhi ayisekelwe yibo bonke abahlinzeki - ngisho nasekusetshenzisweni okuncane kakhulu kwensiza, lapho esikhundleni sokulingisa idivayisi yangempela yezithombe, ukuhunyushwa okwenziwe lula (i-framebuffer) kudluliselwa emshinini obonakalayo. Kwesinye isikhathi iseva ye-VNC iboshelwe kuseva engu-X esebenzayo, kepha le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ukufinyelela umshini ophathekayo, futhi kokubonakalayo idala ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe. Indlela elula yokufaka iseva ye-VNC ngeseva eyakhelwe ngaphakathi engu-X. Ayidingi amadivaysi aphathekayo (i-adaptha yevidiyo, ikhibhodi negundane) noma ukulingiswa kwawo kusetshenziswa i-hypervisor, ngakho-ke ifanele noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-VPS.

Ukufakwa nokumiswa

Sizodinga umshini obonakalayo one-Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS ekucushweni kwawo okuzenzakalelayo. Kunamaseva amaningana e-VNC kumakhosombe ajwayelekile alokhu kusatshalaliswa: TightVNC, I-TigerVNC, x11vnc nabanye. Sazinza ku-TigerVNC - imfoloko yamanje ye-TightVNC, engasekelwa unjiniyela. Ukusetha amanye amaseva kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo. Udinga futhi ukukhetha indawo yedeskithophu: inketho efanele, ngokubona kwethu, kungaba i-XFCE ngenxa yezidingo eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa zezinsiza zekhompyutha. Labo abafisa bangafaka enye i-DE noma i-WM: konke kuncike ekuthandweni komuntu siqu, kodwa ukukhethwa kwesofthiwe kuthinta ngokuqondile isidingo se-RAM nama-computing cores.

Ukufaka imvelo yedeskithophu nakho konke ukuncika kwenziwa ngomyalo olandelayo:

sudo apt-get install xfce4 xfce4-goodies xorg dbus-x11 x11-xserver-utils

Okulandelayo udinga ukufaka iseva ye-VNC:

sudo apt-get install tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-common

Ukuyiqhuba njenge-superuser kuwumbono omubi. Dala umsebenzisi neqembu:

sudo adduser vnc

Ake sengeze umsebenzisi eqenjini le-sudo ukuze akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ehlobene nokuphatha. Uma singekho isidingo esinjalo, ungeqa lesi sinyathelo:

sudo gpasswd -a vnc sudo

Isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukusebenzisa iseva ye-VNC ngamalungelo omsebenzisi we-vnc ukuze udale iphasiwedi evikelekile namafayela okumisa ohlwini lwemibhalo ~/.vnc/. Ubude bephasiwedi bungasuka kuzinhlamvu eziyisi-6 kuye kweziyisi-8 (izinhlamvu ezengeziwe zinqanyuliwe). Uma kunesidingo, iphasiwedi nayo isethelwe ukubukwa kuphela, i.e. ngaphandle kokufinyelela kukhibhodi negundane. Imiyalo elandelayo isetshenziswa njengomsebenzisi we-vnc:

su - vnc
vncserver -localhost no

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, iphrothokholi ye-RFB isebenzisa ububanzi bembobo ye-TCP kusuka ku-5900 kuya ku-5906 - lokhu okubizwa kanjalo. bonisa izimbobo, ngayinye ehambisana nesikrini seseva ye-X. Kulesi simo, izimbobo zihlotshaniswa nezikrini ukusuka ku-:0 ukuya ku-:6. Isibonelo seseva ye-VNC esiyethulile silalela imbobo 5901 (isikrini: 1). Ezinye izimo zingasebenza kwezinye izimbobo ezinezikrini :2, :3, njll. Ngaphambi kokucushwa okwengeziwe, udinga ukumisa iseva:

vncserver -kill :1

Umyalo kufanele ubonise okuthile okufana nalokhu: “Ukubulala inqubo ye-Xtigervnc ID 18105... impumelelo!”

Uma i-TigerVNC iqala, isebenzisa ~/.vnc/xstartup script ukuze ilungiselele izilungiselelo zokumisa. Masizenzele esathu umbhalo, siqale sigcine ikhophi eyisipele yalesi esivele sikhona, uma sikhona:

mv ~/.vnc/xstartup ~/.vnc/xstartup.b
nano ~/.vnc/xstartup

Iseshini yemvelo yedeskithophu ye-XFCE iqalwa yi-xstartup script elandelayo:

#!/bin/bash
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
exec /usr/bin/startxfce4 &

Umyalo we-xrdb uyadingeka ukuze i-VNC ifunde ifayela elithi .Xresources ohlwini lwemibhalo lwasekhaya. Lapho umsebenzisi angachaza izilungiselelo ezihlukene zedeskithophu eyisithombe: ukunikezwa kwefonti, imibala yesiphetho, izingqikithi zekhesa, njll. Iskripthi kufanele senziwe sisebenziseke:

chmod 755 ~/.vnc/xstartup

Lokhu kuqeda ukusethwa kweseva ye-VNC. Uma uyisebenzisa ngomyalo vncserver -localhost no (njengomsebenzisi we-vnc), ungaxhuma nephasiwedi eshiwo ngaphambilini futhi ubone isithombe esilandelayo:

Iqala isevisi nge-systemd

Ukuqalisa iseva ye-VNC mathupha akufanele ukusetshenziswa ukulwa, ngakho-ke sizomisa isevisi yesistimu. Imiyalo yenziwa njengempande (sisebenzisa i-sudo). Okokuqala, masidale ifayela leyunithi elisha leseva yethu:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]

Uphawu @ egameni likuvumela ukuthi udlulise impikiswano ukuze ulungiselele isevisi. Esimweni sethu, icacisa imbobo yokubonisa ye-VNC. Ifayela leyunithi liqukethe izigaba eziningana:

[Unit]
Description=TigerVNC server
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=vnc 
Group=vnc 
WorkingDirectory=/home/vnc 
PIDFile=/home/vnc/.vnc/%H:%i.pid
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i > /dev/null 2>&1
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver -depth 24 -geometry 1280x960 :%i
ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukwazisa i-systemd mayelana nefayela elisha bese ulivula:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable [email protected]

Inombolo 1 egameni icacisa inombolo yesibuko.

Misa iseva ye-VNC, iqale njengesevisi futhi uhlole isimo:

# от имени пользователя vnc 
vncserver -kill :1

# с привилегиями суперпользователя
sudo systemctl start vncserver@1
sudo systemctl status vncserver@1

Uma isevisi isebenza, kufanele sithole into efana nalena.

Uxhumano Lwedeskithophu

Ukucushwa kwethu akusebenzisi ukubethela, ngakho-ke amaphakethe enethiwekhi angavinjwa abahlaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumaseva e-VNC kaningi thola ubuthakathaka, ngakho-ke akufanele uwavule ukuze ufinyelele ku-inthanethi. Ukuze uxhume ngokuphephile kukhompyutha yakho yangakini, udinga ukupakisha ithrafikhi emhubheni we-SSH bese ulungiselela iklayenti le-VNC. Ku-Windows, ungasebenzisa iklayenti le-SSH eliyisithombe (ngokwesibonelo, i-PuTTY). Ukuze uvikeleke, i-TigerVNC kuseva ilalela kuphela i-localhost futhi ayifinyeleleki ngokuqondile kumanethiwekhi omphakathi:

sudo netstat -ap |more

Ku-Linux, i-FreeBSD, i-OS X namanye ama-OS afana ne-UNIX, umhubhe ovela kukhompyutha yeklayenti wenziwa kusetshenziswa insiza ye-ssh (i-sshd kumele isebenze kuseva ye-VNC):

ssh -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 -C -N -l vnc vnc_server_ip

Inketho ye -L ibophezela imbobo engu-5901 yoxhumo olukude ku-port 5901 ku-localhost. Inketho ye -C inika amandla ukucindezelwa, futhi inketho -N itshela u-ssh ukuthi angasebenzisi umyalo okude. Inketho ye -l icacisa ukungena ngemvume kokungena okukude.

Ngemva kokumisa umhubhe kukhompuyutha yendawo, udinga ukuqalisa iklayenti le-VNC bese usungula uxhumano kumsingathi 127.0.0.1:5901 (i-localhost:5901), usebenzisa iphasiwedi eshiwo ngaphambilini ukuze ufinyelele iseva ye-VNC. Manje sesingakwazi ukuxhumana ngokuvikelekile ngomhubhe obethelwe ngendawo yedeskithophu eyisithombe ye-XFCE ku-VPS. Kusithombe-skrini, isisetshenziswa esiphezulu sisebenza kusifanisi setheminali ukukhombisa ukusetshenziswa okuphansi komshini wezinsiza zekhompuyutha. Khona-ke konke kuzoncika kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zabasebenzisi.

Ungafaka futhi ulungiselele iseva ye-VNC ku-Linux cishe kunoma iyiphi i-VPS. Lokhu akudingi ukulungiselelwa okumba eqolo nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinsiza ngokulingisa i-adaptha yevidiyo noma ukuthengwa kwamalayisensi esofthiwe yezohwebo. Ngokungeziwe kunketho yesevisi yesistimu esiyicabangele, kukhona okunye: qalisa ngemodi ye-daemon (nge-/etc/rc.local) lapho isistimu iqala noma ngokufunwa nge-inetd. Lokhu kokugcina kuyathakazelisa ekudaleni ukucushwa kwabasebenzisi abaningi. I-Internet Superserver izoqala iseva ye-VNC futhi ixhume iklayenti kuyo, futhi iseva ye-VNC izodala isikrini esisha futhi iqale iseshini. Ukuqinisekisa ngaphakathi kwayo, ungasebenzisa isibonisi esinesithombe (isibonelo, I-LightDM), futhi ngemva kokunqamula iklayenti, iseshini izovalwa futhi zonke izinhlelo ezisebenza ngesikrini zizonqanyulwa.

Source: www.habr.com