Sawubona, bangane!
Ngemva kokushicilelwa kwesihloko Kube nokuphawula okuningi mayelana nezingozi zezixazululo ze-Li-Ion zeseva nezikhungo zedatha. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizozama ukuthola ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi kwezixazululo ze-lithium zezimboni ze-UPS nebhethri kugajethi yakho, ukuthi izimo zokusebenza zamabhethri ekamelweni leseva zihluka kanjani, kungani ocingweni lwe-Li-Ion ibhethri lihlala cha. ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-2-3, futhi esikhungweni sedatha lesi sibalo sizokhuphuka sibe yiminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu. Kungani izingozi zomlilo we-lithium esikhungweni sedatha/igumbi leseva zincane.
Yebo, izingozi ezinamabhethri e-UPS zingenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwedivayisi yokugcina amandla, kodwa inganekwane "yengozi yomlilo" yezixazululo ze-lithium zezimboni ayilona iqiniso.
Phela abaningi sebekubonile lokho ngebhethri ye-lithium emotweni ehamba emgwaqeni omkhulu? Ngakho-ke, ake sibone, sikuthole, siqhathanise...
Lapha sibona icala elijwayelekile lokuzifudumeza okungalawuleki, ukubalekela okushisayo kwebhethri yefoni, okuholele kusigameko esinjalo. Uzothi: LAPHA! Ifoni nje, ngumuntu ohlanya kuphela ongabeka into enjalo ekamelweni leseva!
Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ngemva kokufunda le ndaba, umfundi uzoshintsha umbono wakhe ngalolu daba.
Isimo samanje emakethe yesikhungo sedatha
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ukwakha isikhungo sedatha kuwutshalomali lwesikhathi eside. Intengo yemishini yobunjiniyela iyodwa ingaba u-50% wezindleko zazo zonke izindleko ezinkulu. Umkhathi wokukhokha cishe iminyaka eyi-10-15. Ngokwemvelo, kunesifiso sokunciphisa izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wesikhungo sedatha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi imishini yobunjiniyela ehlangene, ikhulula isikhala esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka somthwalo wokukhokha.
Isixazululo esilungile ukuphindaphinda okusha kwe-UPS yezimboni esekelwe kumabhethri e-Li-Ion, osekuphele isikhathi eside asusa "izifo zezingane" ngendlela yezingozi zomlilo, ama-algorithms angalungile okukhishwa kwe-charge, futhi athole inqwaba yezindlela zokuzivikela.
Ngokukhula komthamo wekhompiyutha kanye nemishini yenethiwekhi, isidingo se-UPS siyakhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidingo zempilo yebhethri ziyakhuphuka uma kuba nezinkinga ngokunikezwa kwamandla okumaphakathi kanye/noma ukwehluleka uma kuqaliswa umthombo wamandla oyisipele esimweni sokusebenzisa/ukutholakala kwesethi yejeneretha yedizili.
Ngokombono wethu, kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Ukukhula okusheshayo kwevolumu yolwazi olucutshungulwayo noludluliswayo
Isibonelo, , okuthi
idinga ukulondolozwa nokucutshungulwa. - Ukukhula kokuguquguquka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi. Ngaphandle komkhuba ojwayelekile wokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini ye-IT, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhethekile kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.
Igrafu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla yesikhungo sedatha esisodwa nje sokusebenza
Umkhuba ofanayo uboniswa yizibikezelo zemakethe yesikhungo sedatha ezweni lethu.Ngokusho kwesizindalwazi, inani eliphelele lezikhala ze-rack ezisetshenziswayo lingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ze-20. "Inani lezikhala ze-rack ezisetshenziswe ngabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-data ye-20 enkulu kunazo zonke ngo-2017 zanda ngo-3% futhi zafinyelela ku-22,4 izinkulungwane (idatha kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1, 2017),β - kusho umbiko we-CNews Analytics. Ngokusho kwama-ejensi wokubonisana, ngo-2021 inani lezikhala ze-rack kulindeleke ukuthi likhuphuke libe yizinkulungwane ezingama-49. Okusho ukuthi, eminyakeni emibili umthamo wangempela wesikhungo sedatha ungaphinda kabili. Kuhlangene ngani lokhu? Okokuqala, ngokwanda komthamo wolwazi: kokubili okugcinwe futhi kusetshenzwe.
Ngokungeziwe kumafu, abadlali babheka ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono esikhungo sedatha ezifundeni njengezindawo zokukhula: bawukuphela kwengxenye lapho kukhona khona indawo egciniwe yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Ngokusho kwe-IKS-Consulting, ngo-2016, izifunda zazibalelwa ku-10% kuphela yazo zonke izinsiza ezinikezwa emakethe, kuyilapho inhloko-dolobha kanye nesifunda saseMoscow sithatha i-73% yemakethe, neSt. Petersburg kanye nesifunda saseLeningrad - 17%. Ezifundeni, kusaqhubeka nokushoda kwezinsiza zesikhungo sedatha ngezinga eliphezulu lokubekezelela amaphutha.
Ngo-2025, inani eliphelele ledatha emhlabeni kulindeleke ukuthi likhuphuke izikhathi eziyi-10 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2016.
Noma kunjalo, iphephe kangakanani i-lithium kuseva noma isikhungo sedatha i-UPS?
Ububi: izindleko eziphezulu zezixazululo ze-Li-Ion.
Intengo yamabhethri e-lithium-ion isephezulu uma iqhathaniswa nezixazululo ezijwayelekile. Ngokwezilinganiso ze-SE, izindleko zokuqala zama-UPS anamandla angaphezu kuka-100 kVA ezixazululo ze-Li-Ion zizophakama izikhathi ezingu-1,5, kodwa ekugcineni ukonga kubunikazi kuzoba ngu-30-50%. Uma siqhathanisa nesakhiwo sezempi-yezimboni zamanye amazwe, nazi izindaba mayelana nokwethulwa ngamabhethri e-Li-Ion. Imvamisa, amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP esithombeni) asetshenziswa kuzixazululo ezinjalo ngenxa yokungabizi kwawo okuhlobene nokuphepha okukhulu.
I-athikili ikhuluma ukuthi i-$ 100 million yachithwa kumabhethri amasha omkhumbi-ngwenya, ake sizame ukuyiguqulela kwamanye amanani ...Amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4,2 ukufuduka ngaphansi kwamanzi komkhumbi-ngwenya waseJapane. Ukususwa komhlaba - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2,95. Njengomthetho, i-20-25% yesisindo somkhumbi yenziwe ngamabhethri. Ukusuka lapha sithatha cishe amathani angama-740 - amabhethri e-lead-acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho: ubukhulu be-lithium bucishe bube yi-1/3 yalelo lamabhethri e-lead-acid -> amathani angama-246 e-lithium. Ku-70 kWh/kg ku-Li-Ion sithola cishe u-17 MWh wamandla afanayo ebhethri. Futhi umehluko wesisindo samabhethri cishe amathani angama-495 ... Lapha asicabangi , ezidinga amathani angu-14,5 esiliva umkhumbi-ngwenya ngamunye, futhi zibiza izikhathi ezi-4 ngaphezu kwamabhethri aneasidi yomthofu. Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi amabhethri e-Li-Ion manje abiza izikhathi ezingu-1,5-2 kuphela kune-VRLA, kuye ngamandla esixazululo.
Kuthiwani ngamaJapane? Bakhumbula sekwephuzile ukuthi "ukukhanyisa isikebhe" ngamathani angu-700 kuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kokufaneleka olwandle nokuzinza ... Cishe kwakudingeka bengeze izikhali ebhodini ukuze babuyisele ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo somklamo wesikebhe.
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion nawo anesisindo esingaphansi kwamabhethri e-asidi yomthofu, ngakho-ke idizayini yomkhumbi-ngwenya wesigaba se-Soryu kudingeke ukuthi iklanywe kabusha ukuze kugcinwe i-ballast nokuzinza.
E-Japan, izinhlobo ezimbili zamabhethri e-lithium-ion zidalwe futhi zalethwa esimweni sokusebenza: i-lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminium-oxide (NCA) ekhiqizwa yi-GS Yuasa kanye ne-lithium titanate (LTO) ekhiqizwe yi-Toshiba Corporation. Umbutho wezempi wasolwandle waseJapan uzosebenzisa amabhethri e-NCA, kuyilapho i-Australia yanikezwa amabhethri e-LTO ukuze asetshenziswe kumikhumbi-ngwenya yezinga le-Soryu kuthenda yakamuva, ngokusho kuka-Kobayashi.
Ukwazi isimo sengqondo sokuhlonipha ngokuphepha Ezweni LeLanga Eliphumayo, singacabanga ukuthi izinkinga zokuphepha ze-lithium sezixazululiwe, zahlolwa futhi zaqinisekiswa.
Ingozi: ingozi yomlilo.
Lapha kulapho sizothola khona injongo yokushicilelwa, njengoba kunemibono ephikiswayo mayelana nokuphepha kwalezi zixazululo. Kodwa konke lokhu kuyinkulumo-nkulumo, kodwa kuthiwani ngezixazululo ezithile zezimboni?
Sesixoxile kakade ngezindaba zokuphepha kwethi , kodwa ake sigxile kulolu daba futhi. Ake siphendukele esithombeni, esihlole izinga lokuvikelwa kwemojuli kanye neseli ye-LMO/NMC yebhethri ekhiqizwe i-Samsung SDI futhi yasetshenziswa njengengxenye ye-Schneider Electric UPS.
Izinqubo zamakhemikhali kwaxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni somsebenzisi . Ake sizame ukuqonda izingozi ezingaba khona esimweni sethu esithile futhi siziqhathanise nokuvikelwa kwamazinga amaningi kumaseli e-Samsung SDI, ayingxenye ebalulekile yerack eyenziwe ngomumo yohlobo lwe-G Li-Ion njengengxenye yesixazululo esiphelele esisekelwe ku-Galaxy VM. .
Ake siqale nge-flowchart yecala elivamile lezingozi nezimbangela zomlilo kuseli ye-lithium-ion.
Ngaphansi kwe-spoiler ungafunda izindaba zethiyori zezingozi zomlilo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion kanye ne-physics yezinqubo.Umdwebo wokuqala webhulokhi wezingozi nezimbangela zomlilo (Ingozi Yokuphepha) yeseli ye-lithium-ion evela Iminyaka engu-2018.
Njengoba kuye ngesakhiwo samakhemikhali seseli ye-lithium-ion kunomehluko ezicini ezishisayo ezibalekayo zeseli, lapha sizogxila enqubweni echazwe esihlokweni seseli ye-lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminium (ngokusekelwe ku-LiNiCoAIO2) noma i-NCA.
Inqubo yokwenza ingozi esitokisini ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:
- isigaba 1 (Isiqalo). Ukusebenza okuvamile kweseli lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka i-gradient lingadluli ama-0,2 degrees Celsius ngomzuzu, futhi izinga lokushisa leseli ngokwalo alidluli ama-130-200 degrees Celsius, kuye ngokuthi isakhiwo samakhemikhali seseli;
- isigaba 2, ukufudumala (Ukusheshisa). Kulesi sigaba, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokushesha, futhi amandla okushisa akhululwa ngenkuthalo. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo ihambisana nokukhululwa kwamagesi. Ukuguquguquka kwegesi ngokweqile kufanele kunxeshezelwe ngokusebenza kwe-valve yokuphepha;
- isigaba 3, ukubaleka okushisayo (Ukubaleka). Ibhethri ukushisa ngaphezu 180-200 degrees. Kulokhu, izinto ze-cathode zingena ekuphenduleni okungafani futhi zikhiphe umoya-mpilo. Leli izinga le-thermal runaway, ngoba kulokhu kungase kwenzeke ingxube yamagesi avuthayo ne-oxygen, okuzobangela ukuvutha okuzenzakalelayo. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo kwezinye izimo ingalawulwa, ifundeke - lapho umbuso wezinto zangaphandle ushintsha, ukubalekela okushisayo kwezinye izimo kuyeka ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebulalayo yendawo ezungezile. Ukusebenza nokusebenza kweseli ye-lithium ngokwayo ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo akubhekwa.
Izinga lokushisa elishisayo lincike kusayizi weseli, ukwakheka kweseli, nezinto ezibonakalayo. Izinga lokushisa elishisayo lingahluka kusuka ku-130 kuya ku-200 degrees Celsius. Isikhathi sokugijima esishisayo singahluka futhi sisukela emaminithini, amahora noma ngisho nezinsuku...
Kuthiwani ngamaseli ohlobo lwe-LMO/NMC kuma-UPS e-lithium-ion?
- Ukuvimbela ukuthintana kwe-anode ne-electrolyte, isendlalelo se-ceramic sisetshenziswa njengengxenye yeseli (SFL). Ukunyakaza kwe-lithium ion kuvinjwe ku-130 degrees Celsius.
- Ngaphezu kwe-valve ye-vent yokuzivikela, kusetshenziswa isistimu yokuvikela ye-Over Charge Device (OSD), esebenza ngokuhambisana ne-fuse yangaphakathi futhi ivala iseli eyonakele, ukuvimbela inqubo yokubaleka okushisayo ekufinyeleleni amazinga ayingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwe-OSD luzoqala ngaphambili, lapho ingcindezi ifinyelela ku-3,5 kgf/cm2, okungukuthi, isigamu esingaphansi kokucindezela kokuphendula kwe-valve yokuphepha yeseli.
Ngendlela, i-fuse yeseli izosebenza kuma-currents angaphezu kuka-2500 A kungakapheli imizuzwana emi-2. Ake sicabange ukuthi izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ekufundeni okungu-10 degrees C/min. Emasekhondini angu-10, iseli lizoba nesikhathi sokwengeza cishe ama-degree angu-1,7 ekushiseni kwalo ngenkathi likumodi ye-overclocking.
- Isihlukanisi esinezingqimba ezintathu esitokisini kwimodi yokushajwa sizovimba ukuguqulwa kwe-lithium ion ku-anode yeseli. Izinga lokushisa elivinjiwe lingu-250 degrees Celsius.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi sinani ngezinga lokushisa lamaseli; Ake siqhathanise ukuthi yiziphi izigaba izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvikela eziqalwa kuleveli yeseli.
β Isistimu ye-OSD - 3,5+-0,1 kgf/cm2 <= ingcindezi yangaphandle
Ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kuma-overcurrents.
β ivalvu yokuphepha 7,0+-1,0 kgf/cm2 <= ingcindezi yangaphandle
- fuse ngaphakathi kweseli imizuzwana emi-2 ku-2500A (ngaphezu kwemodi yamanje)
Ingozi yokubaleka okushisayo kweseli incike ngokuqondile kuzinga/leveli yeshaji yeseli, imininingwane eyengeziwe lapha...Ake sicabangele umthelela wezinga lokushajwa kweseli kumongo wezingozi zokubaleka kokushisa. Ake sicabangele ithebula lokuxhumana phakathi kwezinga lokushisa leseli kanye nepharamitha ye-SOC (Isimo Sokushaja, izinga lokushaja kwebhethri).
Izinga lokushajwa kwebhethri likalwa njengephesenti futhi libonisa ukuthi yimalini isamba sokushajwa esisagcinwe ebhethrini. Kulokhu, sicabangela imodi yokushajwa kabusha kwebhethri. Kungaphethwa ngokuthi kuye ngekhemikhali yeseli ye-lithium, ibhethri lingaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile uma lishajwe ngokweqile futhi libe nokuthambekela okuhlukile ekubalekeni okushisayo. Lokhu kungenxa yomthamo othize ohlukile (A*h/gram) wezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli e-Li-Ion. Uma sikhulu umthamo othize weseli, kulapho ukukhishwa kokushisa kushesha kakhulu phakathi nokushajwa kabusha.
Ukwengeza, ku-100% SOC, isifunda esifushane sangaphandle sivame ukubangela ukuphuma okushisayo kweseli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho iseli liku-80% SOC, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elishisayo leseli liyashintsha liye phezulu. Iseli liba namandla okumelana nezimo eziphuthumayo.
Okokugcina, ku-70% SOC, ama-short circuits angaphandle angase angabangeli ukugijima okushisayo nhlobo. Okusho ukuthi, ubungozi bokushiswa kweseli buncishiswe kakhulu, futhi isimo okungenzeka kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-valve yokuphepha yebhethri ye-lithium.
Ukwengeza, etafuleni singaphetha ngokuthi i-LFP (ijika elinsomi) lebhethri ngokuvamile linokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa, okungukuthi, isigaba "sokufudumala" sishintsha ngokushelelayo sibe "i-thermal runaway", kanye nokuzinza lolu hlelo lokushaja ngokweqile luthi lubi kakhulu. Amabhethri e-LMO, njengoba sibona, anesici sokushisa esishelelayo lapho eshajwa.
KUBALULEKILE: Uma isistimu ye-OSD icushwa, iseli lisethwa kabusha ukuze lidlule. Ngakho-ke, i-voltage ku-rack iyancipha, kodwa ihlala isebenza futhi inikeza isignali ohlelweni lokuqapha lwe-UPS ngohlelo lwe-BMS lwe-rack ngokwayo. Esimeni sesistimu ye-UPS yakudala enamabhethri e-VRLA, ukujikeleza okufushane noma ukuphuka ngaphakathi kwebhethri elilodwa ochungechungeni kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-UPS iyonke kanye nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwemishini ye-IT.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, esimweni sokusebenzisa izixazululo ze-lithium ku-UPS, lezi zingozi ezilandelayo zihlala zibalulekile:
- Ukushisa okushisayo kweseli noma imojula njengomphumela wesifunda esifushane sangaphandle - amazinga amaningana okuvikela.
- Ukushisa okushisayo kweseli noma imojuli ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwebhethri - amazinga amaningana okuvikela kuseli noma ileveli yemojuli.
- Ukushajwa ngokweqile β ukuvikelwa nge-BMS kanye nawo wonke amazinga okuvikela erack, module, cell.
- Ukulimala kwemishini akubalulekile esimweni sethu, ubungozi bomcimbi abunakwa.
- Ukushisa ngokweqile kwe-rack nawo wonke amabhethri (amamojula, amaseli). Okungabalulekile kuze kufike ku-70-90 degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lokufaka i-UPS likhuphuka ngaphezu kwalezi zindinganiso, kusho ukuthi kunomlilo esakhiweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza kwesikhungo sedatha, ubungozi bomcimbi abunakwa.
- Impilo yebhethri encishisiwe emazingeni okushisa egumbi aphakeme - ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa afika ku-40 degrees kuvunyelwe ngaphandle kokuncipha okubonakalayo empilweni yebhethri. Amabhethri omthofu azwela kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa futhi anciphisa ukuphila kwawo okusele ngokulingana nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa.
Ake sibheke i-flowchart yengozi yezingozi ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion kusikhungo sethu sedatha, ikesi lokusebenzisa igumbi leseva. Ake senze umdwebo ube lula kancane, ngoba i-lithium UPS izosebenza ezimweni ezifanele, uma siqhathanisa izimo zokusebenza zamabhethri kugajethi yakho, ifoni.
ISIPHETHO: Amabhethri e-lithium akhethekile esikhungo sedatha kanye negumbi leseva ama-UPS anezinga elanele lokuvikela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, futhi ngesixazululo esibanzi, inani elikhulu lamadigri okuvikela okuhlukahlukene kanye neminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu yokuhlangenwe nakho ekusebenziseni lezi zixazululo kusivumela ukuthi sikhulume izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha kobuchwepheshe obusha. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukusebenza kwamabhethri e-lithium emkhakheni wethu kubukeka njengezimo "ze-greenhouse" zobuchwepheshe be-Li-Ion: ngokungafani ne-smartphone yakho ephaketheni lakho, akekho ozophonsa ibhethri esikhungweni sedatha, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukukhipha. nsuku zonke, sebenzisa ngenkuthalo kumodi yebhafa.
Ungathola imininingwane eyengeziwe futhi nixoxe ngesixazululo esithile usebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion ekamelweni lakho leseva noma isikhungo sedatha ngokuthumela isicelo nge-imeyili. , noma ngokwenza isicelo kuwebhusayithi yenkampani .
OPULA TECHNOLOGIES - izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa ezibanzi ezivela kubaholi bomhlaba, eziguqulelwe ngqo ezinhlosweni nezinjongo zakho.
Author: Kulikov Oleg
Unjiniyela Womklamo Oholayo
Umnyango Wezixazululo Zokuhlanganisa
I-Open Technologies Company
Abasebenzisi ababhalisiwe kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kuhlolovo. , wamukelekile.
Uthini umbono wakho ngokuphepha nokusebenziseka kwezixazululo zezimboni ezisuselwe kubuchwepheshe be-Li-Ion?
-
16,2%Iyingozi, ezishisayo, angisoze ngayibeka ekamelweni lami leseva.11
-
10,3%Anginantshisekelo kulokhu, ngakho-ke sishintsha amabhethri akudala ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi yonke into ilungile.7
-
16,2%Kudingeka sicabange ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi iphephile futhi ithembise.11
-
23,5%Kuyathakazelisa, ngizobheka amathuba.16
-
13,2%Unentshisekelo! Tshala kanye - futhi ungesabi ukumboza yonke isikhungo sedatha ngenxa yokwehluleka kwebhethri elilodwa lomthofu.9
-
20,6%Kuyathakazelisa! Izinzuzo zingaphezu kokubi nezingozi.14
Bangu-68 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-25 bagobile.
Source: www.habr.com