Ngenxa yokuminza kwezinhlelo ze-Windows, indawo ye-VPS ibuswa ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux okulula: i-Mint, i-Colibri OS, i-Debian noma i-Ubuntu, engenayo indawo yedeskithophu esindayo engadingeki ngezinjongo zethu. Njengoba besho, i-console kuphela, i-hardcore kuphela! Futhi eqinisweni, lokhu akulona ihaba nhlobo: i-Debian efanayo iqala ku-256 MB yenkumbulo kanye nomgogodla owodwa onomjikelezo wewashi we-1 Ghz, okungukuthi, cishe kunoma yisiphi "isiphunzi". Ukuze uthole umsebenzi onethezekile uzodinga okungenani u-512 MB kanye nephrosesa eshesha kancane. Kodwa kuthiwani uma sikutshele ukuthi ungenza cishe into efanayo ku-VPS esebenzisa iWindows? Kungani ungadingi ukukhipha i-Windows Server esindayo, edinga amahektha amathathu kuya kwamane e-RAM futhi okungenani ama-cores ambalwa avalwe ku-1,4 GHz? Vele usebenzise i-Windows Server Core - susa i-GUI nezinye izinsiza. Sizokhuluma ngokuthi singakwenza kanjani lokhu esihlokweni.
Ubani le Windows Server Core?
Alukho ulwazi olucacile mayelana nokuthi i-Windows (server) Core iyini ngisho nakuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yakwaMikes, noma kunalokho, yonke into idida kakhulu kangangokuthi ngeke uqonde ngokushesha, kodwa ukukhuluma kokuqala kubuyela enkathini ye-Windows Server 2008. Empeleni, i-Windows Core iyi-Windows kernel Server esebenzayo (ngokungazelelwe!), βyanciphaβ ngosayizi we-GUI yayo kanye nengxenye yezinsizakalo eziseceleni.
Isici esiyinhloko seWindows Core yi-hardware yayo engapheli kanye nokulawula okugcwele kwekhonsoli nge-PowerShell.
Uma uya kuwebhusayithi ye-Microsoft futhi uhlole izidingo zobuchwepheshe, bese uqalisa i-Windows Server 2016/2019 uzodinga okungenani amagigi angu-2 e-RAM futhi okungenani ingqikithi eyodwa enejubane lewashi elingu-1,4 GHz. Kodwa sonke siyaqonda ukuthi ngokucushwa okunjalo singalindela kuphela ukuthi uhlelo luqale, kodwa ngokuqinisekile hhayi ukusebenza ngokunethezeka kwe-OS yethu. Kungalesi sizathu ukuthi iWindows Server ivamise ukunikezwa inkumbulo eyengeziwe futhi okungenani izintambo ezi-2/4 ezisuka kuphrosesa, uma zinganikezi ngomshini womzimba obizayo kwenye i-Xeon, esikhundleni somshini oshibhile obonakalayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umnyombo wesistimu yeseva ngokwayo idinga inkumbulo engu-512 MB kuphela, futhi lezo zinsiza zokucubungula ezidliwe yi-GUI ukuze zidwetshwe esikrinini futhi zigcine izinsiza zayo eziningi zisebenza zingasetshenziselwa okuthile okuwusizo kakhulu.
Nasi isiqhathaniso samasevisi e-Windows Core asekelwa ngaphandle kwebhokisi kanye ne-Windows Server ephelele evela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Microsoft:
isicelo
ingqikithi yeseva
iseva ngeisipiliyoni sedeskithophu
Umyalo womyalo
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
I-Windows PowerShell/Microsoft .NET
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
I-Perfmon.exe
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Windbg (GUI)
kusekelwe
kuyatholakala
Resmon.exe
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Regedit
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Fsutil.exe
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Disksnapshot.exe
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Diskpart.exe
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Ngobese.msc
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Devmgmt.msc
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Isiphathi Sevava
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
mmc.exe
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Eventwr
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Wevtutil (Imibuzo yomcimbi)
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Services.msc
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Iphaneli yokulawula
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Windows Update (GUI)
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Windows Explorer
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Ibha yamataki
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Izaziso zebha yomsebenzi
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Taskmgr
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
I-Internet Explorer noma i-Edge
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Isistimu yosizo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Windows 10 Shell
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Windows Media Player
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-PowerShell
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
I-PowerShell ISE
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-PowerShell IME
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Mstsc.exe
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Amasevisi Edeskithophu Ekude
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Umphathi we-Hyper-V
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Njengoba ubona, kuningi okusikiwe ku-Windows Core. Izinsizakalo nezinqubo ezihlotshaniswa ne-GUI yohlelo, kanye nanoma yimuphi "udoti" ongadingeki nakanjani emshinini wethu we-console virtual, isibonelo, i-Windows Media Player, yangena ngaphansi kommese.
Cishe njenge-Linux, kodwa hhayi yona
Ngifuna ngempela ukuqhathanisa iWindows Server Core nokusatshalaliswa kweLinux, kodwa empeleni lokhu akulungile ngokuphelele. Yebo, lezi zinhlelo zifana nomunye nomunye mayelana nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngenxa yokushiywa kwe-GUI nezinsizakalo eziningi eziseceleni, kodwa mayelana nokusebenza nezinye izindlela zokuhlanganisa, lokhu kuseyiWindows, hhayi uhlelo lwe-Unix.
Isibonelo esilula ukuthi ngokwakha ngesandla i-Linux kernel bese ufaka amaphakheji nezinsizakalo, ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okulula kungaguqulwa kube into enzima futhi efana nommese we-Swiss Army (lapha ngifuna ngempela ukwenza ihlaya le-accordion ngePython. bese ufaka isithombe esivela ochungechungeni oluthi βUkube Izilimi Zokuhlela Bekuyizikhaliβ, kodwa ngeke sikwenze lokho). Ku-Windows Core kunenkululeko encane kakhulu enjalo, ngoba, ngemuva kwakho konke, sibhekene nomkhiqizo we-Microsoft.
I-Windows Server Core iza isilungile, ukucushwa kwayo okuzenzakalelayo okungalinganiswa kuthebula elingenhla. Uma udinga okuthile ohlwini olungasekelwe, kuzodingeka ungeze izinto ezingekho ku-inthanethi usebenzisa ikhonsoli. Yiqiniso, akufanele ukhohlwe mayelana nesici esifunwayo kanye nekhono lokulanda izingxenye njengamafayela e-CAB, angase angezwe emhlanganweni ngaphambi kokufakwa. Kodwa lesi sikripthi asisebenzi uma usuvele uthola ngesikhathi senqubo ukuthi ulahlekelwe yinoma yiziphi izinsizakalo ezisikiwe.
Kodwa okuhlukanisa inguqulo ye-Core kunguqulo egcwele yikhono lokuvuselela uhlelo nokwengeza izinsizakalo ngaphandle kokumisa umsebenzi. I-Windows Core isekela ukugoqa okushisayo kwamaphakheji, ngaphandle kokuqalisa kabusha. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokusekelwe ekuqapheliseni okungokoqobo: umshini osebenzisa i-Windows Core udinga ukuqaliswa kabusha ~ izikhathi ezi-6 ngaphansi kweyodwa esebenzisa i-Windows Server, okungukuthi, kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, hhayi kanye ngenyanga.
Ibhonasi ejabulisayo yabalawuli ukuthi uma uhlelo lusetshenziswa njengoba kuhlosiwe - ngokusebenzisa ikhonsoli, ngaphandle kwe-RDP - futhi ingaphendulwanga i-Windows Server yesibili, bese ivikeleke kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nenguqulo ephelele. Phela, ubungozi obuningi be-Windows Server bubangelwa i-RDP kanye nezenzo zomsebenzisi othi, ngayo le RDP, enze okuthile okungafanele kwenziwe. Kufana nodaba lukaHenry Ford nesimo sakhe sengqondo ngombala wemoto: βNoma iliphi ikhasimende lingaba nemoto ependwe noma yimuphi umbala eliwufunayo inqobo nje uma black" Kuyafana nesistimu: umsebenzisi angakwazi ukuxhumana nesistimu nganoma iyiphi indlela, into eyinhloko ukuthi uyayenza ngokusebenzisa ikhonsoli.
Faka futhi uphathe i-Windows Server 2019 Core
Sishilo phambilini ukuthi iWindows Core empeleni iyiWindows Server ngaphandle kwe-GUI wrapper. Okusho ukuthi, ungasebenzisa cishe noma iyiphi inguqulo ye-Windows Server njengenguqulo eyinhloko, okungukuthi, ulahle i-GUI. Emikhiqizweni emndenini we-Windows Server 2019, lokhu kungukwakhiwa kweseva oku-3 kwezi-4: imodi eyinhloko iyatholakala ku-Windows Server 2019 Standard Edition, i-Windows Server 2019 Datacenter kanye ne-Hyper-V Server 2019, okungukuthi, i-Windows Server 2019 Essentials kuphela engafakiwe. kusuka kulolu hlu.
Kulokhu, awudingi ngempela ukubheka iphakheji yokufaka yeWindows Server Core. Kusifaki esivamile se-Microsoft, inguqulo eyinhloko inikezwa ngokoqobo ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuyilapho inguqulo ye-GUI kufanele ikhethwe ngesandla:
Eqinisweni, kunezinketho eziningi zokuphatha uhlelo kunale PowerShell eshiwo, enikezwa umenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ungaphatha umshini obonakalayo ku-Windows Server Core okungenani ngezindlela ezinhlanu ezahlukene:
- I-PowerShell Ekude;
- Amathuluzi Okuphatha Iseva Ekude (RSAT);
- I-Windows Admin Center;
- I-Sconfig;
- Umphathi Weseva.
Izikhundla ezintathu zokuqala zithakaselwa kakhulu: i-PowerShell ejwayelekile, i-RSAT ne-Windows Admin Center. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi nakuba sithola izinzuzo zelinye lamathuluzi, siphinde sithole imikhawulo eliyibekayo.
Ngeke sichaze amakhono ekhonsoli; I-PowerShell iyi-PowerShell, enobuhle nobubi bayo obusobala. Nge-RSAT ne-WAC yonke into iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
I-WAC ikunikeza ukufinyelela kuzilawuli zesistimu ezibalulekile njengokuhlela ukubhalisa nokuphatha amadiski namadivayisi. I-RSAT esimweni sokuqala isebenza kuphela kumodi yokubuka futhi ngeke ikuvumele ukuthi wenze izinguquko, futhi ukuphatha amadiski namadivayisi angokwenyama Amathuluzi Okuphatha Iseva Ekude kudinga i-GUI, okungenjalo kithi. Ngokuvamile, i-RSAT ayikwazi ukusebenza ngamafayela futhi, ngokufanele, izibuyekezo, ukufakwa/ukususwa kwezinhlelo ekuhleleni ukubhalisa.
β Ukuphathwa kwesistimu
I-WAC
I-RSAT
Ukuphathwa Kwengxenye
Yebo
Yebo
Umhleli Registry
Yebo
No
Ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi
Yebo
Yebo
Isibukeli Somcimbi
Yebo
Yebo
Amafolda Abiwe
Yebo
Yebo
Ukuphathwa kwediski
Yebo
Okwamaseva ane-GUI kuphela
Isihleli Somsebenzi
Yebo
Yebo
Ukuphathwa kwedivayisi
Yebo
Okwamaseva ane-GUI kuphela
Ukuphathwa Kwefayela
Yebo
No
ukuphathwa komsebenzisi
Yebo
Yebo
Ukuphathwa kweqembu
Yebo
Yebo
Ukuphathwa kwesitifiketi
Yebo
Yebo
Izibuyekezo
Yebo
No
Ikhipha izinhlelo
Yebo
No
I-System Monitor
Yebo
Yebo
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-RSAT isinika ukulawula okuphelele kwezindima emshinini, kuyilapho i-Windows Admin Center ingakwazi ukwenza lutho ngokoqobo kulokhu. Nasi isiqhathaniso samakhono e-RSAT ne-WAC kulesi sici, ukuze kucace:
β Ukuphatha indima
I-WAC
I-RSAT
Ukuvikelwa Kwentambo Okuthuthukisiwe
BUKA KUQALA
No
Windows Defender
BUKA KUQALA
Yebo
Izitsha
BUKA KUQALA
Yebo
AD Administrative Center
BUKA KUQALA
Yebo
AD Domain and Trusts
No
Yebo
Amasayithi e-AD namasevisi
No
Yebo
DHCP
BUKA KUQALA
Yebo
DNS
BUKA KUQALA
Yebo
Umphathi we-DFS
No
Yebo
Umphathi we-GPO
No
Yebo
Umphathi we-IIS
No
Yebo
Okusho ukuthi, sekuvele kusobala ukuthi uma sishiya i-GUI ne-PowerShell sivumela ezinye izilawuli, ngeke sikwazi ukubalekela ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwethuluzi le-mono: ukuze silawule ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, sizodinga okungenani. inhlanganisela ye-RSAT ne-WAC.
Kodwa-ke, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi kuzodingeka ukhokhe amamegabhayithi angu-150-180 we-RAM ukuze usebenzise i-WAC. Uma ixhunyiwe, Isikhungo Sokuphatha se-Windows sidala izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ohlangothini lweseva, ezingabulawa ngisho nalapho ithuluzi linqanyuliwe emshinini we-virtual. I-WAC futhi ayisebenzi nezinguqulo ezindala ze-PowerShell, ngakho-ke uzodinga okungenani i-PowerShell 5.0. Konke lokhu kuphambene ne-paradigm yethu ye-austerity, kodwa kufanele ukhokhele induduzo. Esimweni sethu - RAM.
Enye inketho yokuphatha i-Server Core ukufaka i-GUI usebenzisa amathuluzi ezinkampani zangaphandle, ukuze ungahuduli uzungeze amathani kadoti oza nesixhumi esibonakalayo emhlanganweni ogcwele.
Kulokhu, sinezinketho ezimbili: khipha i-Explorer yasekuqaleni ohlelweni noma sebenzisa i-Explorer++. Njengenye indlela yalokhu yakamuva, noma yimuphi umphathi wefayela ufanelekile: I-Total Commander, i-FAR Manager, i-Double Commander, njalonjalo. Okwakamuva kungcono uma ukonga i-RAM kubalulekile kuwe. Ungakwazi ukwengeza i-Explorer++ nanoma yimuphi omunye umphathi wefayela ngokwakha ifolda yenethiwekhi futhi uyethule ngokusebenzisa ikhonsoli noma isihleli.
Ukufaka i-Explorer egcwele kuzosinika amathuba engeziwe mayelana nokusebenza ngesofthiwe efakwe i-UI. Ngalokhu thina ku-Server Core App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FOD) ezobuyisela i-MMC, Eventvwr, PerfMon, Resmon, Explorer.exe kanye ne-Powershell ISE ohlelweni. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka sikukhokhele lokhu, njengoba kwenzeka nge-WAC: sizolahlekelwa ngokungenakuhlehliswa mayelana nama-megabytes angu-150-200 we-RAM, okuzokwenziwa ngokungenasihawu yi-explorer.exe nezinye izinsizakalo. Ngisho noma engekho umsebenzisi osebenzayo emshinini.
Yile ndlela ukusetshenziswa kwememori uhlelo kubukeka ngayo emishinini enephakheji yendabuko ye-Explorer nangaphandle kwayo.
Umbuzo onengqondo uphakama lapha: kungani konke lokhu kudansa nge-PowerShell, i-FOD, abaphathi bamafayela, uma noma yisiphi isinyathelo kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla siholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwe-RAM? Kungani uzigcobe ngenqwaba yamathuluzi bese ushova ngapha nangapha ukuze uqinisekise umsebenzi onethezekile ku-Windows Server Core, kuyilapho ungavele ukhiphe i-Windows Server 2016/2019 futhi uphile njengomuntu omhlophe?
Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa i-Server Core. Okokuqala: ukusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo kwamanje cishe kuyingxenye yalokho. Uma ukhumbula, lesi simo sasiyisisekelo sesihloko sethu ekuqaleni. Ukuze uqhathanise, nansi ukusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo kweWindows Server 2019, qhathanisa nezithombe-skrini ezingenhla nje:
Futhi-ke, i-1146 MB yokusetshenziswa kwememori esikhundleni sika-655 MB ku-Core.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi awuyidingi i-WAC futhi uzosebenzisa i-Explorer++ esikhundleni se-Explorer yasekuqaleni, bese wena usazowina cishe uhhafu wehektha emshinini ngamunye obonakalayo osebenzisa i-Windows Server. Uma kukhona umshini owodwa kuphela, khona-ke ukwanda akubalulekile, kodwa uma kukhona ezinhlanu zazo? Yilapho ukuba ne-GUI kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma ungayidingi.
Okwesibili, noma yikuphi ukudansa okuzungeze i-Windows Server Core ngeke kukuholele ekulweni nenkinga enkulu yokusebenzisa i-Windows Server - i-RDP nokuvikeleka kwayo (ngokunembile, ukungabikho kwayo okuphelele). I-Windows Core, ehlanganiswe ngisho ne-FOD, i-RSAT ne-WAC, iseyiseva ngaphandle kwe-RDP, okungukuthi, ayitholakali kalula ku-95% wokuhlaselwa okukhona.
Okusele
Ngokuvamile, i-Windows Core ikhuluphele kancane kunanoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux yesitoko, kodwa isebenza kakhulu. Uma udinga ukukhulula izinsiza futhi ulungele ukusebenza ne-console, i-WAC ne-RSAT, futhi usebenzise abaphathi bamafayela esikhundleni se-GUI egcwele, khona-ke i-Core kufanelekile ukuyinaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngayo uzokwazi ukugwema ukukhokhela i-Windows egcwele ngokugcwele, futhi usebenzise imali elondoloziwe ekuthuthukiseni ikhompyutha yakho. , ukwengeza lapho, isibonelo, i-RAM. Ukuze kube lula, sengeze iWindows Server Core kweyethu .
Source: www.habr.com