Ngenxa yokuminza Windows-izinhlelo endaweni ye-VPS zilawulwa ukukhanya Linux-ukusabalalisa: i-Mint, i-Colibri OS, Debian noma Ubuntu, engenalo imvelo enzima yedeskithophu engadingeki ngezinjongo zethu. Njengoba besho, konke kuyi-console, konke kuyi-hardcore! Eqinisweni, lokhu akulona ihaba: okufanayo Debian Isebenza ngememori engu-256 MB kanye ne-core eyodwa esebenza ku-1 GHz, okuyikho konke okudingayo. Ukuze usebenze kahle, uzodinga okungenani i-512 MB kanye neprosesa esheshayo kancane. Kodwa kuthiwani uma singakutshela ukuthi ungenza into efanayo ku-VPS? WindowsUkuthi asikho isidingo sokukhuphula ivolumu enzima Windows Server, okudinga amahektha amathathu kuya kwamane e-RAM kanye okungenani ama-core ambalwa anejubane lewashi elingu-1,4 GHz? Vele usebenzise Windows Server I-Core — susa i-GUI kanye nezinye izinsizakalo. Sizoxoxa ngendlela yokwenza lokhu kulesi sihloko.
Ubani lo mfo wakho? Windows Server Umongo?
Ulwazi olucacile mayelana nokuthi luyini Windows (iseva) I-Core ayikho ngisho nakuwebhusayithi esemthethweni kaMike, noma kunalokho, konke kuyadida lapho kangangokuthi awukwazi ukukuqonda ngokushesha, kodwa ukukhulunywa kokuqala kuqale enkathini. Windows Server 2008. Empeleni, Windows I-Core iyi-kernel esebenzayo Windows Server (ngokuzumayo!), "yancishiswa" ngobukhulu be-GUI yayo kanye nengxenye yezinsizakalo eziseceleni.
Isici esiyinhloko Windows I-Core ayidingi kakhulu ngokwehadiwe futhi inokuphathwa okugcwele kwekhonsoli nge-PowerShell.
Uma uya kuwebhusayithi ye-Microsoft bese uhlola izidingo zobuchwepheshe, qala Windows Server Ngo-2016/2019, uzodinga okungenani i-RAM engu-2 GB kanye ne-core eyodwa okungenani ene-1,4 GHz. Kodwa sonke siyaqonda ukuthi ngokulungiselelwa okunjalo, singalindela kuphela ukuthi uhlelo luqale ukusebenza, hhayi ukusebenza okunethezekile kwe-OS yethu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Windows Server Ngokuvamile banikeza inkumbulo eyengeziwe kanye okungenani ama-cores amabili/imicu emi-4 evela kuprosesa, uma bengawunikezi ngisho nomshini ophathekayo obizayo ku-Xeon ethile, esikhundleni somshini obonakalayo oshibhile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umnyombo wesistimu yeseva ngokwayo idinga inkumbulo engu-512 MB kuphela, futhi lezo zinsiza zokucubungula ezidliwe yi-GUI ukuze zidwetshwe esikrinini futhi zigcine izinsiza zayo eziningi zisebenza zingasetshenziselwa okuthile okuwusizo kakhulu.
Nasi ukuqhathanisa izinsizakalo ezisekelwayo ngokuzumayo. Windows Okuyinhloko nokuphelele Windows Server kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Microsoft:
isicelo
ingqikithi yeseva
iseva ngeisipiliyoni sedeskithophu
Umyalo womyalo
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Windows I-PowerShell/Microsoft .NET
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
I-Perfmon.exe
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Windbg (GUI)
kusekelwe
kuyatholakala
Resmon.exe
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Regedit
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Fsutil.exe
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Disksnapshot.exe
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Diskpart.exe
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Ngobese.msc
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Devmgmt.msc
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Isiphathi Sevava
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
mmc.exe
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Eventwr
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Wevtutil (Imibuzo yomcimbi)
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Services.msc
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Iphaneli yokulawula
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Windows Isibuyekezo (i-GUI)
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Windows ukuhlola
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Ibha yamataki
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Izaziso zebha yomsebenzi
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-Taskmgr
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
I-Internet Explorer noma i-Edge
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Isistimu yosizo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Windows 10 shell
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Windows Media Player
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-PowerShell
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
I-PowerShell ISE
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
I-PowerShell IME
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Mstsc.exe
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Amasevisi Edeskithophu Ekude
kuyatholakala
kuyatholakala
Umphathi we-Hyper-V
akutholakali
kuyatholakala
Njengoba ungabona kusukela ku- Windows Kuningi okususiwe ku-Core. Amasevisi nezinqubo ezihlobene ne-GUI yesistimu zisusiwe, kanye nanoma yikuphi okunye "udoti" okungadingeki nhlobo emshinini wethu we-console virtual, isibonelo: Windows Isidlali Semidiya.
Cishe sengathi Linux, kodwa hhayi yena
Windows Server Ngifuna ngempela ukuqhathanisa i-Core ne- Linux-ukusatshalaliswa, kodwa empeleni, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Yebo, lezi zinhlelo ziyafana ngokwezinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngenxa yokususwa kwe-GUI kanye nezinsizakalo eziningi eziseceleni, kodwa ngokwezinga lokusebenza kanye nezindlela ezithile zokwakha, zisenjalo. Windows, hhayi uhlelo lwe-unix.
Isibonelo esilula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-kernel ngesandla Linux kanye nokufakwa okulandelayo kwamaphakheji nezinsizakalo, okulula nakakhulu Linux- ukusatshalaliswa kungaguqulwa kube yinto esindayo futhi efana nommese webutho laseSwitzerland (lapha ngifuna ngempela ukwenza ihlaya elihlekisayo ngePython bese ngifaka isithombe esivela ochungechungeni oluthi “Ukube Izilimi Zokuhlela Ziyizikhali”, kodwa ngeke). Windows I-Core ayinayo inkululeko enkulu kangako, ngoba phela, sibhekene nomkhiqizo we-Microsoft.
Windows Server I-Core iza yakhiwe ngaphambilini, kanye nokucushwa kwayo okuzenzakalelayo okuboniswe kuthebula elingenhla. Uma udinga noma yini ohlwini olungasekelwa, kuzodingeka wengeze izinto ezingekho ku-inthanethi nge-console. Ungakhohlwa nge-Feature on Demand kanye nekhono lokulanda izingxenye njengamafayela e-CAB, ongabe usuzifaka ekwakhiweni ngaphambi kokufakwa. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo ngeke sisebenze uma uthola ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa ukuthi ulahlekelwe yinoma yiziphi izinsizakalo ezisusiwe.
Kodwa okuhlukanisa inguqulo ye-Core nenguqulo egcwele yikhono lokuvuselela uhlelo nokwengeza izinsizakalo ngaphandle kokuyeka ukusebenza. Windows I-Core isekela ukuthunyelwa kwamaphakheji ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokuqalisa kabusha. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokusekelwe ekubonweni okusebenzayo: umshini ulawulwa Windows I-Core idinga ukuqaliswa kabusha ~ izikhathi eziphindwe kasithupha ngaphansi kokulawulwa Windows Server, okungukuthi, kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, hhayi kanye ngenyanga.
Ibhonasi enhle kubaphathi izoba ukuthi uma uhlelo lusetshenziswa njengoba kuhlosiwe - nge-console, ngaphandle kwe-RDP - futhi lungafakwanga kumzuzwana Windows Server, bese kuba okuphephile kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenguqulo ephelele. Phela, iningi lobuthakathaka Windows Server Konke kuncike ku-RDP kanye nezenzo zomsebenzisi, owenza into okungafanele ayenze ngale RDP. Kufana kancane nendaba kaHenry Ford nesimo sakhe sengqondo ngombala wemoto: "Noma yiliphi ikhasimende lingapenda imoto nganoma yimuphi umbala eliwufunayo, inqobo nje uma injalo." black" Kuyafana nesistimu: umsebenzisi angakwazi ukuxhumana nesistimu nganoma iyiphi indlela, into eyinhloko ukuthi uyayenza ngokusebenzisa ikhonsoli.
Ukufakwa nokuphathwa Windows Server I-2019 Core
Sishilo ngaphambili ukuthi Windows I-Core empeleni Windows Server ngaphandle kwe-GUI wrapper. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa cishe noma iyiphi inguqulo. Windows Server njengenguqulo eyinhloko, okungukuthi, shiya i-GUI. Ngemikhiqizo yomndeni Windows Server Unyaka ka-2019 unama-server amathathu kwangu-4 akhiwe: imodi eyinhloko iyatholakala ku- Windows Server Uhlelo Olujwayelekile luka-2019, Windows Server 2019 Datacenter kanye ne-Hyper-V Server 2019, okungukuthi, okulandelayo kuphela okungafakiwe kulolu hlu. Windows Server Izinto Ezibalulekile Zango-2019.
Kulokhu, iphakheji yokufaka Windows Server Asikho isidingo sokusesha i-Core. Isifaki esijwayelekile se-Microsoft sinikeza inguqulo ye-Core ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuyilapho inguqulo ye-GUI idinga ukukhethwa ngesandla:
Empeleni kunezinketho eziningi zokuphatha uhlelo kune-PowerShell eshiwo ngenhla, enikezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngumenzi. Lawula umshini obonakalayo ku Windows Server I-core ingenziwa okungenani ngezindlela ezinhlanu ezahlukene:
- I-PowerShell Ekude;
- Amathuluzi Okuphatha Iseva Ekude (RSAT);
- Windows Isikhungo Sokuphatha;
- I-Sconfig;
- Umphathi Weseva.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yizikhundla ezintathu zokuqala: i-PowerShell ejwayelekile, i-RSAT kanye ne- Windows Isikhungo Sokuphatha. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi nakuba sithola izinzuzo zethuluzi elilodwa, siyakwamukela nokulinganiselwa kwalo.
Ngeke sichaze amakhono ekhonsoli; I-PowerShell iyi-PowerShell, enobuhle nobubi bayo obusobala. Nge-RSAT ne-WAC yonke into iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
I-WAC ikunikeza ukufinyelela kuzilawuli zesistimu ezibalulekile njengokuhlela ukubhalisa nokuphatha amadiski namadivayisi. I-RSAT esimweni sokuqala isebenza kuphela kumodi yokubuka futhi ngeke ikuvumele ukuthi wenze izinguquko, futhi ukuphatha amadiski namadivayisi angokwenyama Amathuluzi Okuphatha Iseva Ekude kudinga i-GUI, okungenjalo kithi. Ngokuvamile, i-RSAT ayikwazi ukusebenza ngamafayela futhi, ngokufanele, izibuyekezo, ukufakwa/ukususwa kwezinhlelo ekuhleleni ukubhalisa.
▍ Ukuphathwa kwesistimu
I-WAC
I-RSAT
Ukuphathwa Kwengxenye
Yebo
Yebo
Umhleli Registry
Yebo
No
Ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi
Yebo
Yebo
Isibukeli Somcimbi
Yebo
Yebo
Amafolda Abiwe
Yebo
Yebo
Ukuphathwa kwediski
Yebo
Okwamaseva ane-GUI kuphela
Isihleli Somsebenzi
Yebo
Yebo
Ukuphathwa kwedivayisi
Yebo
Okwamaseva ane-GUI kuphela
Ukuphathwa Kwefayela
Yebo
No
ukuphathwa komsebenzisi
Yebo
Yebo
Ukuphathwa kweqembu
Yebo
Yebo
Ukuphathwa kwesitifiketi
Yebo
Yebo
Izibuyekezo
Yebo
No
Ikhipha izinhlelo
Yebo
No
I-System Monitor
Yebo
Yebo
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-RSAT isinika ukulawula okugcwele izindima emshinini, uma Windows Isikhungo Sokuphatha asikwazi ukwenza lutho kulokhu. Nasi ukuqhathanisa amakhono e-RSAT kanye ne-WAC kulokhu, ukuze kucace:
▍ Ukuphatha indima
I-WAC
I-RSAT
Ukuvikelwa Kwentambo Okuthuthukisiwe
BUKA KUQALA
No
Windows Umdlali wasemuva
BUKA KUQALA
Yebo
Izitsha
BUKA KUQALA
Yebo
AD Administrative Center
BUKA KUQALA
Yebo
AD Domain and Trusts
No
Yebo
Amasayithi e-AD namasevisi
No
Yebo
DHCP
BUKA KUQALA
Yebo
DNS
BUKA KUQALA
Yebo
Umphathi we-DFS
No
Yebo
Umphathi we-GPO
No
Yebo
Umphathi we-IIS
No
Yebo
Okusho ukuthi, sekuvele kusobala ukuthi uma sishiya i-GUI ne-PowerShell sivumela ezinye izilawuli, ngeke sikwazi ukubalekela ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwethuluzi le-mono: ukuze silawule ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, sizodinga okungenani. inhlanganisela ye-RSAT ne-WAC.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-WAC kuzokubiza ama-megabyte angu-150-180 e-RAM. Windows Uma uxhuma, i-Admin Center idala amaseshini angu-3-4 ohlangothini lweseva aqhubeka ngisho noma unqamula emshinini obonakalayo. I-WAC ayisebenzi nezinguqulo ezindala ze-PowerShell, ngakho-ke uzodinga okungenani i-PowerShell 5.0. Lokhu kuphambene nohlelo lwethu lokonga izinsiza, kodwa ukulula kuza ngentengo. Esimweni sethu, yi-RAM.
Enye inketho yokuphatha i-Server Core ukufaka i-GUI usebenzisa amathuluzi ezinkampani zangaphandle, ukuze ungahuduli uzungeze amathani kadoti oza nesixhumi esibonakalayo emhlanganweni ogcwele.
Kulokhu, sinezinketho ezimbili: khipha i-Explorer yasekuqaleni ohlelweni noma sebenzisa i-Explorer++. Njengenye indlela yalokhu yakamuva, noma yimuphi umphathi wefayela ufanelekile: I-Total Commander, i-FAR Manager, i-Double Commander, njalonjalo. Okwakamuva kungcono uma ukonga i-RAM kubalulekile kuwe. Ungakwazi ukwengeza i-Explorer++ nanoma yimuphi omunye umphathi wefayela ngokwakha ifolda yenethiwekhi futhi uyethule ngokusebenzisa ikhonsoli noma isihleli.
Ukufaka i-Explorer egcwele kuzosinika amathuba engeziwe mayelana nokusebenza ngesofthiwe efakwe i-UI. Ngalokhu thina ku-Server Core App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FOD) ezobuyisela i-MMC, Eventvwr, PerfMon, Resmon, Explorer.exe kanye ne-Powershell ISE ohlelweni. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka sikukhokhele lokhu, njengoba kwenzeka nge-WAC: sizolahlekelwa ngokungenakuhlehliswa mayelana nama-megabytes angu-150-200 we-RAM, okuzokwenziwa ngokungenasihawu yi-explorer.exe nezinye izinsizakalo. Ngisho noma engekho umsebenzisi osebenzayo emshinini.
Yile ndlela ukusetshenziswa kwememori uhlelo kubukeka ngayo emishinini enephakheji yendabuko ye-Explorer nangaphandle kwayo.
Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo onengqondo: kungani uzikhathaza nge-PowerShell, i-FOD, kanye nabaphathi bamafayela uma isinyathelo ngasinye osithathayo siholela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-RAM okwandisiwe? Kungani uzikhathaza ngamathuluzi amaningi futhi ugijimela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usebenza kahle Windows Server Okubalulekile, uma ungakwazi nje ukukugoqa Windows Server 2016/2019 bese uphila njengomuntu omhlophe?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokusebenzisa i-Server Core. Okokuqala, isebenzisa cishe ingxenye yememori eningi. Uma ukhumbula, lokhu kwakuyisisekelo sesihloko sethu ekuqaleni. Nasi ukuqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwememori: Windows Server 2019, qhathanisa nezithombe-skrini ezingenhla nje:
Futhi-ke, i-1146 MB yokusetshenziswa kwememori esikhundleni sika-655 MB ku-Core.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi awuyidingi i-WAC futhi uzosebenzisa i-Explorer++ esikhundleni se-Explorer yasekuqaleni, bese wena usazowina cishe uhhafu wehektha kumshini ngamunye obonakalayo olawulwayo Windows ServerUma unomshini owodwa nje obonakalayo, inzuzo ayilutho, kodwa kuthiwani uma unezinhlanu? Yilapho i-GUI iba khona ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma ungayidingi.
Okwesibili - noma yikuphi ukudansa nxazonke Windows Server I-Core ngeke ikuyise emnyombweni wenkinga yokuxhashazwa Windows Server — I-RDP kanye nokuphepha kwayo (noma kunalokho, ukuntuleka kwayo ngokuphelele). Windows Ngisho noma kune-FOD, RSAT, kanye ne-WAC coating, i-Core iseyiseva engenayo i-RDP, okusho ukuthi ayithinteki ku-95% wokuhlaselwa okukhona.
Okusele
Sekukonke Windows I-Core "ikhuluphele" kancane kunanoma iyiphi i-stock eyodwa Linux-ukusatshalaliswa, kodwa kusebenza kakhulu. Uma udinga ukukhulula izinsiza futhi uzimisele ukusebenza ne-console, i-WAC, kanye ne-RSAT, usebenzisa abaphathi bamafayela esikhundleni se-GUI ephelele, khona-ke i-Core ifanelekile ukuyicabangela. Ikakhulukazi njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukukhokha okwengeziwe ngenguqulo ephelele. Windowsbese usebenzisa imali oyilondolozile ekuphatheni kabi , engeza i-RAM lapho, isibonelo. Ukuze kube lula, sengeze Windows Server Ingqikithi yakho .
Source: www.habr.com
