Sawubona, Habr. Namuhla ngiqhubeka nochungechunge lwezincwadi engizibhalele ngqo ukuqala kochungechunge olusha lwezifundo. .
Isingeniso
Ukukhethwa kwesitayela sezakhiwo kungenye yezinqumo eziyisisekelo zobuchwepheshe lapho kwakhiwa uhlelo lolwazi. Kulolu chungechunge lwama-athikili, ngiphakamisa ukuhlaziya izitayela zezakhiwo ezidume kakhulu zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokwakha futhi ngiphendule umbuzo wokuthi yisiphi isitayela sezakhiwo esithandeka kakhulu. Enkambweni yokwethula, ngizozama ukudweba uchungechunge olunengqondo oluchaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezitayela zezakhiwo kusuka ku-monoliths kuya kuma-microservices.
Isikhathi sokugcina sikhulume ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-monoliths kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zokuzakha, kokubili izingxenye zokwakha kanye nezingxenye zokuthunyelwa. Siyaqonda izakhiwo ezigxile kusevisi.
Manje ekugcineni sizochaza izici eziyinhloko ze-microservice architecture.
Ubudlelwano bezakhiwo
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngokusekelwe ezincazelweni ezinikezwe kuma-athikili adlule, noma iyiphi isevisi iyingxenye, kodwa akuyona yonke isevisi eyi-microservice.
Izici zeMicroservice Architecture
Izici eziyinhloko ze-microservice architecture yilezi:
- Ihlelwe ngokuzungeza Amakhono Ebhizinisi
- Imikhiqizo hhayi Amaphrojekthi
- Iziphetho ezihlakaniphile namapayipi ayizimungulu
- Ukubusa Okunabile
- Ukuphathwa Kwedatha Emisiwe
- I-Automation Infrastructure
- Idizayini yokwehluleka
- I-Architecture enokuthuthukiswa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo (Evolutionary Design)
Iphuzu lokuqala livela ekwakhiweni okugxile kusevisi ngoba ama-microservices ayindaba ekhethekile yezinsizakalo. Amanye amaphuzu adinga ukucatshangelwa ngokwehlukana.
Ihlelwe ngokuzungeza Amakhono Ebhizinisi
Manje sekudingekile ukukhumbula umthetho kaConway: izinhlangano ezidala izinhlelo zihlela ukwakheka kwayo, zikopisha ukwakheka kokusebenzelana ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlangano. Njengesibonelo, singakhumbula icala lokudala umdidiyeli: ithimba labantu abayisikhombisa lenze umdidiyeli wamaphasi ayisikhombisa, futhi ithimba labahlanu lakha umdidiyeli wamaphasi amahlanu.
Uma sikhuluma ngama-monoliths nama-microservices, khona-ke uma ukuthuthukiswa kuhlelwe yiminyango esebenzayo (i-backend, frontend, abaphathi bedatha), khona-ke sithola i-monolith yakudala.
Ukuze uthole ama-microservices, amaqembu kufanele ahlelwe ngokwamandla ebhizinisi (ama-oda, ukuthunyelwa, ithimba lekhathalogi). Le nhlangano izovumela amaqembu ukuthi agxile ekwakheni izingxenye ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Imikhiqizo hhayi Amaphrojekthi
Indlela yephrojekthi lapho iqembu lidlulisela ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwamanye amaqembu ayifaneleki neze esimweni se-microservice architecture. Ithimba kufanele lisekele uhlelo kuwo wonke umjikelezo walo wokuphila. U-Amazon, omunye wabaholi ekusetshenzisweni kwama-microservices, uthe: "uyakha, uyaqhuba." Indlela yomkhiqizo ivumela iqembu ukuthi lizizwele izidingo zebhizinisi.
Iziphetho ezihlakaniphile namapayipi ayizimungulu
Izakhiwo ze-SOA zinake kakhulu iziteshi zokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi i-Enterprise Service Bus. Okuvame ukuholela eBhokisini Le-Spaghetti Eliyiphutha, okungukuthi, inkimbinkimbi ye-monolith iphenduka inkimbinkimbi yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinsizakalo. I-Microservice architecture isebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana ezilula kuphela.
Ukubusa Okunabile
Izinqumo ezibalulekile mayelana nama-microservices kufanele zenziwe abantu empeleni abakha ama-microservices. Lapha, izinqumo ezibalulekile zisho ukukhetha
izilimi zokuhlela, indlela yokusebenzisa, izinkontileka zokusebenzela umphakathi, njll.
Ukuphathwa Kwedatha Emisiwe
Indlela ejwayelekile, lapho isicelo sincike ku-database eyodwa, ayikwazi ukucabangela imininingwane yesevisi ethile ngayinye. I-MSA ihilela ukuphathwa kwedatha okunwetshiwe, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene.
I-Automation Infrastructure
I-MSA isekela izinqubo eziqhubekayo zokusatshalaliswa nokulethwa. Lokhu kungafezwa kuphela ngezinqubo ezizenzakalelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthumela inombolo enkulu yezinsizakalo akusabukeki njengento ethusayo. Inqubo yokusatshalaliswa kufanele ibe yisicefe. Isici sesibili sihlobene nokuphathwa kwesevisi endaweni yomkhiqizo. Ngaphandle kokuzenzakalela, ukuphatha izinqubo ezisebenza ezindaweni ezihlukene zokusebenza kuba yinto engenakwenzeka.
Idizayini yokwehluleka
Izinsizakalo eziningi ze-MSA zivame ukwehluleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphatha iphutha ohlelweni olusabalalisiwe akuwona umsebenzi omncane. Isakhiwo sohlelo lokusebenza kufanele sivumelane nokwehluleka okunjalo. U-Rebecca Parsons ucabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi singabe sisasebenzisa ukuxhumana okungaphakathi kwenqubo phakathi kwamasevisi; kunalokho, siphendukela ku-HTTP ukuze sixhumane, cishe engathembeki kangako.
I-Architecture enokuthuthukiswa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo (Evolutionary Design)
Isakhiwo sohlelo lwe-MSA kufanele sithuthuke ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kunconywa ukukhawulela izinguquko ezidingekayo emingceleni yesevisi eyodwa. Umthelela kwezinye izinkonzo kumele futhi ubhekwe. Indlela yendabuko iwukuzama ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokwenza inguqulo, kodwa i-MSA iphakamisa ukusebenzisa inguqulo ku
njengendlela yokugcina.
isiphetho
Ngemuva kwakho konke okushiwo ngenhla, singakwazi ukwenza ukuthi i-microservices iyini. I-Microservice architecture iyindlela yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa njengeqoqo lezinsizakalo ezincane, ngayinye esebenza ngenqubo yayo futhi isebenzisana ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezingasindi, ngokuvamile i-API yensiza ye-HTTP. Lezi zinsizakalo zakhelwe emandleni ebhizinisi futhi zingatshalwa ngokuzimela kusetshenziswa ngokugcwele
indlela yokusebenzisa ezenzakalelayo. Kunezinga eliphansi lokuphathwa okumaphakathi kwalezi zinsizakalo, ezingabhalwa ngezilimi ezihlukene zokuhlela futhi kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokugcina idatha.
Source: www.habr.com