Windows 10 + Linux. Ukusetha i-KDE Plasma GUI ye-Ubuntu 20.04 ku-WSL2. Ukuhamba phambili

Isingeniso

Lesi sihloko senzelwe ukunakwa kwabaphathi besistimu abalungiselela izindawo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile kumakhompyutha asebenzayo Windows 10, okuhlanganisa abathuthukisi bezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunenkinga ethile ehlobene nokungenzeki kokuhlanganisa isofthiwe etholwe esitolo se-inthanethi se-Microsoft Store ukuze isetshenziswe ngokwezifiso zesithombe se-Windows 10. Ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni, ngizocacisa ukuthi le nkinga ihlobene neqiniso lokuthi izinhlelo ezifakwe eSitolo se-Microsoft zixhumana ne-akhawunti yesevisi yoMqondisi, nalapho ukwakhiwa kwesithombe ngokwezifiso kuqedwa insiza sysprep amaphutha enzeka ngenxa yalesi simo.

Indlela okuxoxwe ngayo kulesi sihloko igwema le nkinga uma ulungiselela Windows 10 Isithombe se-OS esinesistimu engaphansi ye-WSL2 elungiselelwe ngaphambili, kanye nesithombe esilungiselelwe ngaphambili nesilungisiwe se-Ubuntu 20.04 OS nge-KDE Plasma GUI, yona engaba nesaso. isethi yesofthiwe yangokwezifiso.

Kunezibonelo eziningi nezimfundiso ku-inthanethi zokusetha amasistimu angaphansi e-WSL (okungukuthi i-WSL1 kanye ne-WSL2 entsha), ngokusetha isixhumi esibonakalayo se-GUI sezinhlelo ze-OS ezisekelwe ku-linux ukusuka ku-Ubuntu 16.04 kuya ku-Ubuntu 20.04, kodwa lokhu ikakhulukazi kumadeskithophu athintekayo. kulokho okubizwa. "i-lightweight" xfce4, enemikhawulo eqondakalayo kuzilungiselelo zomsebenzisi. Kepha maqondana ne-KDE Plasma GUI ye-Ubuntu 20.04, alukho ulwazi oluningi olutholakala enetheni. Kodwa yile nketho enikeza umsebenzisi wokugcina isethi cishe engenamkhawulo yezilungiselelo zakho kokubili ukubukeka kwesistimu nezilungiselelo zehadiwe, vele, kucatshangelwa amandla wamanje okuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-linux ezisetshenziswe ohlelweni olungaphansi lwe-WSL2.

Ukufaka isethi edingekayo yesofthiwe nokumisa i-WSL2

Sihlola inguqulo yamanje ye-Windows, ngalokhu, kubha yokusesha ye-Windows, faka umyalo winver futhi sithola okuthile okufana nalokhu:

Kubalulekile ukuthi inguqulo ye-OS ibe ngu-1903 noma 1909 (izinguqulo ze-OS ezishiwo kufanele zibe nesibuyekezo esiqongelelayo se-KB4566116 esifakiwe), noma 2004 (inombolo yokwakha ingabi ngaphansi kuka-19041), lonke ulwazi alunandaba. Uma inombolo yenguqulo incane, kuyanconywa ukuthi uthuthukele enguqulweni yakamuva ye-Windows ukuze ukhiqize kabusha imiphumela kulesi sihloko.

Ukuze kube lula ukwenza ezinye izenzo, faka I-Windows Terminal yamahhala usebenzisa Isitolo se-Microsoft (kungenzeka futhi ukulanda kweminye imithombo):

Sifaka i-X Server X410 ngeSitolo seMicrosoft esifanayo, le softhiwe iyakhokhelwa, kodwa kunesikhathi samahhala sezinsuku eziyi-15, esanele ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene.

Njengenye indlela yamahhala ye-X410 download bese ufaka iseva ye-VcXsrv X.

Kunoma iyiphi indawo ekahle kudiski, sakha inkomba lapho sizogcina khona amafayela ethu. Njengesibonelo, ake sakhe uhla lwemibhalo C:wsl.

Landa bese ufaka isifaki esizimele se-Ubuntu 20.04, khipha ifayela eliwumphumela usebenzisa i-archiver (isibonelo, i-7-zip). Qamba kabusha uhla lwemibhalo olungapakishiwe ngegama elide Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 kokuthile okwamukeleka kakhulu, njengokuthi Ubuntu-20.04 futhi uyikopishe kusiqondisi C:wsl (ngemuva kwalokhu kalula wsl).

Landa futhi ukhiphe ohlwini lwemibhalo wsl iseva yomsindo we-cross-platform PulseAudio v.1.1., senza nezilungiso kumafayela ayo okumisa.

Kufayela wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa esigabeni Load audio drivers statically hlela umugqa:

load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0

futhi esigabeni Network access hlela umugqa:

load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1

Kufayela wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf susa futhi ushintshe umugqa

exit-idle-time = -1

Silungiselela isistimu engaphansi ye-WSL2 ngokuvumelana imibhalo Microsoft. Okuwukuphela kokuphawula ukuthi sesivele sikulandile ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Ubuntu, futhi sizokufaka esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukucushwa kwehlela ekunikezeni amandla izingxenye ezengeziwe "I-Windows Subsystem ye-Linux" kanye "Ne-Virtual Machine Platform", bese iqalisa kabusha ukusebenzisa izinguquko kuzilungiselelo zekhompyutha:

Uma kunesidingo download futhi ufake iphakethe lesevisi ye-Linux kernel ku-WSL2.
Sethula i-Windows Terminal bese ukhetha imodi ye-Command Prompt ngokucindezela izinkinobho Ctrl+Shift+2.

Okokuqala, sibeka imodi yokusebenza ye-WSL2, kulokhu sifaka umyalo:

wsl  --set-default-version 2

Shintshela ku-Ubuntu 20.04 standalone bootloader directory, esimweni sami lokhu wslUbuntu-20.04 bese ugijima ifayela ubuntu2004.exe. Uma ucelwa igama lomsebenzisi, faka igama lomsebenzisi engineer (ungafaka noma yiliphi elinye igama), faka iphasiwedi yakho bese uqinisekisa iphasiwedi efakiwe ye-akhawunti eshiwo:

I-terminal prompt ivela, i-Ubuntu 20.04 kernel ifakiwe. Ake sihlole ukulunga kwezilungiselelo zemodi ye-WSL2, kulokhu, ku-Windows Terminal, khetha ithebhu ye-Windows PowerShell bese ufaka umyalo:

wsl -l -v

umphumela wokubulawa kufanele ube kanje:

Silungiselela i-firewall ye-Microsoft Defender, i.e. ikhubaze kunethiwekhi yomphakathi:

Ukusetha Ubuntu 20.04

Ku-Windows Terminal, khetha ithebhu ye-Command Prompt futhi bese ufaka izibuyekezo ze-Ubuntu 20.04. Ukuze wenze lokhu, emgqeni womyalo, faka:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y

Faka ideskithophu ye-KDE Plasma:

sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y

ukufakwa kuthatha imizuzu engama-30, kuya ngokusebenza kwekhompyutha kanye nomkhawulokudonsa wesiteshi sokufinyelela ku-inthanethi, lapho sitshelwa isifaki, siyaqinisekisa. OK.
Faka indawo yaseRussia kanye nezichazamazwi Ubuntu 20.04. Ukuze wenze lokhu, emgqeni womyalo, faka:

sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales

Engeza inguqulo yakamuva yedeskithophu ye-KDE Plasma:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y

Sengeza isethi yethu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-console, isibonelo mc и neofetch:

sudo apt install mc neofetch -y

Sihlola ukuthi kwenzekeni, faka umugqa womyalo neofetch, bona isithombe-skrini:

Ukuhlela ifayela le-WSL config /etc/wsl.conf:

sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf

kopisha umbhalo efasiteleni lomhleli wombhalo ongenalutho elivulayo:

[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true

gcina izinguquko (Ctrl+O), qinisekisa ukusebenza bese uphuma kusihleli sombhalo (Ctrl+X).

Ithekelisa isithombe esenziwe ngokwezifiso Ubuntu-20.04 kusiqondisi esisidalile wsl. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ku-Windows Terminal, phinda ukhethe ithebhu yeWindows PowerShell bese ufaka umyalo:

wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop

isithombe esidaliwe sizosisiza ukuthi senze ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi yokwethula / yokufaka kabusha i-Ubuntu 20.04 emisiwe, uma kunesidingo, izosivumela ukuthi siyidlulisele kwenye ikhompyutha kalula.

Ilungiselela amafayela e-bat nezinqamuleli zedeskithophu ye-Windows

Usebenzisa umhleli we-Notepad ++, dala amafayela e-bat (adingekayo ekubhalweni kwekhodi kwe-OEM-866 ukuze kukhishwe izinhlamvu ezilungile zesiCyrillic):
Файл Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - iklanyelwe ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufakwa kokuqala kwesithombe esidaliwe sika-Ubuntu 20.04 kukhompuyutha enohlelo olungaphansi oluvele lulungisiwe lwe-WSL2 kanye neseva ye-X. Uma igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi zihlukile kulawo ashiwo esibonelweni, kuzomele wenze izinguquko ezifanele kuleli fayela le-bat:

@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause

Файл Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - yakhelwe ukufaka kabusha isithombe esilungisiwe se-Ubuntu 20.04 kukhompyutha.

@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause

Файл Set-default-user.bat - ukusetha umsebenzisi ozenzakalelayo.

@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause

Файл Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - ukwethulwa kwangempela kwedeskithophu ye-KDE Plasma.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Файл Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - ukwethula isiphetho esinesithombe ngaphandle kwedeskithophu ye-KDE Plasma.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Futhi ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kukhathalogi wsl silungiselela izinqamuleli ezikhomba kumafayela e-bat ahambisanayo. Bese okuqukethwe lwemibhalo wsl kubukeka kanjena:

Kwethulwa i-KDE Plasma Desktop

Sihlola ukuthi zonke izinyathelo zokulungiselela seziqediwe, sizama ukuqalisa isinqamuleli Plasma-desktop. Kuvela isicelo sephasiwedi, faka iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti futhi ... iwindi liyavala. Kulungile okokuqala. Siyazama futhi - futhi sibona ibha yomsebenzi ye-KDE Plasma ejwayelekile. Senza ngendlela oyifisayo ukubukeka kwebha yomsebenzi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa, iphaneli ihanjiswa ngakwesokudla kwesikrini futhi igxiliswe phakathi. Sihlola izilungiselelo zokwenza kwasendaweni, uma kunesidingo, engeza ulimi lwesiRashiya:

Uma kunesidingo, siletha izinqamuleli zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-linux ezifakiwe kubha yomsebenzi we-KDE Plasma.

Uma i-Ubuntu 20.04 idinga ukuthi uphume ku-akhawunti yakho yomsebenzisi ukuze usebenzise izinguquko kuzilungiselelo, noma udinga ukuqala kabusha i-OS, ukwenza lokhu, ku-Windows Terminal, faka umyalo:

wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown

Ngesinqamuleli Plasma-desktop noma Konsole ungasebenzisa i-KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Isibonelo, faka nge Konsole Umhleli wezithombe ze-GIMP:

Ngemva kokuphela kokufakwa, qalisa Konsole Umhleli wezithombe ze-GIMP:

I-GIMP iyasebenza, okuyinto ebengifuna ukuyihlola.
Futhi nansi indlela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ze-linux ezisebenza ngayo ku-KDE Plasma ku-WSL2:

ibha yomsebenzi ye-KDE Plasma eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ingakwesokudla kwesikrini. futhi ividiyo efasiteleni leFirefox idlala nomsindo.

Uma kunesidingo, ungamisa ukufinyelela ku-Ubuntu20.04 nge SSH и RDP, kulokhu udinga ukufaka izinsiza ezifanele ngomyalo:

sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y

Qaphela: ukunika amandla ukufinyelela kwephasiwedi nge SSH udinga ukuhlela ifayela /etc/ssh/sshd_config, okungukuthi ipharamitha PasswordAuthentication no kumele isethwe ukuze PasswordAuthentication yes, gcina izinguquko bese uqalisa kabusha i-Ubuntu20.04.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uqala i-Ubuntu20.04, ikheli le-ip yangaphakathi liyashintsha, ngaphambi kokusetha ukufinyelela okukude, udinga ukuhlola ikheli le-ip lamanje usebenzisa umyalo. ip a:

Ngokufanelekile, leli kheli le-ip kufanele lifakwe kuzilungiselelo zeseshini SSH и RDP ngaphambi kokuqala.
Yile ndlela ukufinyelela okukude kubukeka ngayo SSH usebenzisa i-MobaXterm:

Futhi yile ndlela ukufinyelela okukude kubukeka ngayo RDP:

Kusetshenziswa iseva ye-x vcxsrv esikhundleni se-x410

Iqalisa futhi iyasetha vcxsrv, setha ngokucophelela amabhokisi okuhlola afanelekile:

Ilondoloza ukucushwa okumisiwe ohlwini lwemibhalo wslvcxsrv ngegama elijwayelekile config.xlaunch.

Ukuhlela amafayela e-bat Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat ngokwemiyalo yabo.

Kwethulwa isinqamuleli Plasma-desktop, futhi nakhu esikutholayo:

Ideskithophu ye-KDE Plasma ivala ngokuphelele ideskithophu yeWindows, ukushintsha phakathi windows of linux kanye windows izinhlelo sisebenzisa inhlanganisela yokhiye eyaziwayo. Alt+Tab, okungelula kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esingemnandi seseva ye-X sembulwe vcxsrv - iyaphahlazeka lapho kwethulwa ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ikakhulukazi i-GIMP efanayo noma i-LibreOffice Writer. Mhlawumbe kufanele silinde kuze kube yilapho abathuthukisi besusa "izimbungulu" eziphawuliwe, kodwa lokhu akuqinisekile ... Ngakho, ukuze uthole imiphumela eyamukelekayo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-X Server Microsoft x410.

isiphetho

Noma kunjalo, kufanele sikhokhele iMicrosoft, umkhiqizo we-WSL2 ubonakale usebenza impela, futhi ngombono wami ongenalwazi, uphumelele kakhulu. Futhi ngokwazi kwami, abathuthukisi bayaqhubeka "nokuqeda" ngokujulile, futhi mhlawumbe - ngonyaka noma emibili, lesi simiso esingaphansi sizovela kukho konke ukusebenza kwawo okuphelele.

Source: www.habr.com