I-Service Mesh iyiphethini yezakhiwo eyaziwayo yokuhlanganisa ama-microservices futhi ithuthele kungqalasizinda yamafu. Namuhla emhlabeni we-cloud-container kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ngaphandle kwawo. Ukuqaliswa okuningana kwe-open-source mesh yesevisi sekuvele kuyatholakala emakethe, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo, ukwethembeka nokuphepha akwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezidingo zezinkampani ezinkulu zezezimali ezweni lonke. Kungakho thina kwa-Sbertech sinqume ukwenza ngokwezifiso i-Service Mesh futhi sifuna ukukhuluma mayelana nokuthi yini enhle nge-Service Mesh, yini engemnandi kangako, nokuthi sizokwenzani ngakho.
Ukuduma kwephethini ye-Service Mesh kuyakhula ngokuduma kobuchwepheshe bamafu. Isendlalelo sengqalasizinda esizinikezele esenza kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamasevisi enethiwekhi ahlukene. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamafu zanamuhla zihlanganisa amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zezinsizakalo ezinjalo, ngayinye engaba nezinkulungwane zamakhophi.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi nokuphathwa kwalezi zinsizakalo kuwumsebenzi obalulekile we-Service Mesh. Eqinisweni, lena imodeli yenethiwekhi yama-proxies amaningi, aphethwe endaweni eyodwa futhi enza isethi yemisebenzi ewusizo kakhulu.
Ezingeni lommeleli (indiza yedatha):
- Ukwabela nokusabalalisa izinqubomgomo zomzila kanye nokulinganisa kwethrafikhi
- Ukusatshalaliswa kokhiye, izitifiketi, amathokheni
- Ukuqoqwa kwe-telemetry, ukukhiqizwa kwamamethrikhi okuqapha
- Ukuhlanganiswa nezokuphepha kanye nengqalasizinda yokuqapha
Ezingeni lendiza yokulawula:
- Ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zomzila nokulinganisa kwethrafikhi
- Ukuphatha ukuzama futhi nokuvala isikhathi, ukuthola izindawo βezifileβ (ukuphulwa kwesekethe), ukuphatha amaphutha okujova nokuqinisekisa ukusimama kwesevisi ngezinye izindlela.
- Shayela ukufakazela ubuqiniso/ukugunyazwa
- Ukwehlisa amamethrikhi (ukubonakala)
Uhlu lwabasebenzisi abanentshisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwalobu buchwepheshe lubanzi kakhulu - kusukela ekuqalisweni okuncane kuya ezinkampanini ezinkulu ze-inthanethi, isibonelo, i-PayPal.
Kungani i-Service Mesh idingeka emkhakheni wezinkampani?
Kunezinzuzo eziningi ezicacile zokusebenzisa i-Service Mesh. Okokuqala, ilungele abathuthukisi: ukubhala ikhodi kuvela inkundla yobuchwepheshe, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa nengqalasizinda yefu ngenxa yokuthi isendlalelo sezokuthutha sihlukaniswe ngokuphelele kumqondo wohlelo lokusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Service Mesh yenza kube lula ubudlelwano phakathi kwabahlinzeki nabathengi. Namuhla, kulula kakhulu kubahlinzeki be-API kanye nabathengi ukuthi bavumelane ngezixhumi ezibonakalayo nezinkontileka ngokwabo, ngaphandle kokufaka phakathi ukuhlanganiswa okukhethekile nomxazululi - ibhasi lesevisi yebhizinisi. Le ndlela ithinta kakhulu izinkomba ezimbili. Ijubane lokuletha ukusebenza okusha emakethe (isikhathi-kuya-emakethe) liyakhuphuka, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izindleko zesisombululo ziyanda, njengoba ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzimela. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Service Mesh ngamathimba okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhizinisi kusiza ukugcina ibhalansi lapha. Ngenxa yalokho, abahlinzeki be-API bangagxila ngokukhethekile engxenyeni yohlelo lwenkonzo yabo futhi bamane bayishicilele ku-Service Mesh - i-API izotholakala ngokushesha kuwo wonke amaklayenti, futhi ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa izobe isilungile ukukhiqizwa futhi ngeke idinge neyodwa. umugqa wekhodi eyengeziwe.
Inzuzo elandelayo ukuthi unjiniyela, esebenzisa i-Service Mesh, ugxile kuphela ekusebenzeni kwebhizinisi - emkhiqizweni kunengxenye yezobuchwepheshe yesevisi yawo. Isibonelo, akusadingeki ucabange ngeqiniso lokuthi esimweni lapho isevisi ibizwa ngenethiwekhi, ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka kungase kwenzeke endaweni ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Service Mesh isiza ukulinganisa ithrafikhi phakathi kwamakhophi esevisi efanayo: uma elinye lamakhophi "lifa," uhlelo luzoshintsha yonke ithrafikhi kumakhophi abukhoma asele.
I-Service Mesh - lesi isisekelo esihle sokudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisabalalisiwe, efihlela iklayenti imininingwane yokuhlinzeka ngezingcingo ezinsizeni zayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa i-Service Mesh zihlukanisiwe ezingeni lezokuthutha kokubili kusuka kunethiwekhi nakumunye nomunye: akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo. Kulokhu, unjiniyela uthola ukulawula okugcwele kumasevisi akhe.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Ukubuyekeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisabalalisiwe endaweni yesevisi yemeshi kuba lula. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/okuluhlaza, lapho izindawo ezimbili zohlelo lokusebenza zitholakalayo ukuze zifakwe, eyodwa yazo engabuyekeziwe futhi ikwimodi yokulinda. Ukubuyela emuva enguqulweni yangaphambilini uma kwenzeka ukukhululwa okungaphumelelanga kwenziwa i-router ekhethekile, indima yayo i-Service Mesh ebhekana kahle nayo.. Ukuze uhlole inguqulo entsha, ungasebenzisa ukukhululwa kwe-canary β shintshela enguqulweni entsha kuphela i-10% yethrafikhi noma izicelo ezivela eqenjini lokuhlola lamaklayenti. Ithrafikhi eyinhloko iya enguqulweni yakudala, akukho okuphukayo.
Futhi I-Service Mesh isinika ukulawula kwe-SLA kwesikhathi sangempela. Isistimu yommeleli esabalalisiwe ngeke ivumele isevisi ukuthi ihluleke uma elinye lamakhasimende leqa isabelo elinikezwe lona. Uma ukuphuma kwe-API kunqunyelwe, akekho ozokwazi ukukuqeda ngenani elikhulu lemisebenzi: I-Service Mesh ima phambi kwesevisi futhi ayivumeli ithrafikhi engadingekile. Izomane ilwe emuva kungqimba lokuhlanganisa, futhi izinsizakalo ngokwazo zizoqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
Uma inkampani ifuna ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo zokuhlanganisa, i-Service Mesh nayo iyasiza: Ungashintshela enguqulweni yayo yomthombo ovulekile kusukela kumikhiqizo yezentengiso. I-Enterprise Service Mesh yethu isekelwe enguqulweni yomthombo ovulekile ye-Service Mesh.
Enye inzuzo - ukutholakala kwesethi eyodwa egcwele yezinsizakalo zokuhlanganisa. Ngenxa yokuthi konke ukuhlanganiswa kwakhiwe ngale-middleware, singakwazi ukuphatha konke ukuhlangana kwethrafikhi nokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezakha umnyombo webhizinisi wenkampani. Ikhululekile kakhulu.
Futhi ekugcineni I-Service Mesh ikhuthaza inkampani ukuthi ithuthele kwingqalasizinda eguquguqukayo. Manje abaningi babheke ekufakweni kwamabhokisi. Ukusika i-monolith ibe yi-microservices, ukusebenzisa konke lokhu kahle - isihloko siyanda. Kodwa uma uzama ukudlulisa uhlelo osekuyiminyaka eminingi lukhiqizwa endaweni entsha, ngokushesha uhlangabezana nezinkinga eziningi: ukuliphusha zonke ezitsheni nokuyihambisa endaweni yesikhulumi akulula. Futhi ukuqaliswa, ukuvumelanisa kanye nokuxhumana kwalezi zingxenye ezisabalalisiwe kungesinye isihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Bazokhulumisana kanjani? Ingabe kuzoba nokuhluleka kwe-cascading? I-Service Mesh ikuvumela ukuthi uxazulule ezinye zalezi zinkinga futhi wenze lula ukufuduka kusuka ekwakhiweni kwakudala kuya kwentsha ngenxa yokuthi ungakhohlwa nge-logic yokushintshisana kwenethiwekhi.
Kungani udinga ukwenza ngezifiso i-Service Mesh?
Enkampanini yethu, amakhulu ezinhlelo namamojula ahlala ndawonye, ββfuthi isikhathi sokusebenza silayishwe kakhulu. Ngakho iphethini elula yesistimu eyodwa ebiza enye futhi ukuthola impendulo akwanele, ngoba ekukhiqizeni sifuna okwengeziwe. Yini enye oyidingayo kumeshi yesevisi yebhizinisi?
Isevisi yokucubungula umcimbi
Ake sicabange ukuthi sidinga ukwenza ukucutshungulwa komcimbi wesikhathi sangempela - isistimu ehlaziya izenzo zeklayenti ngesikhathi sangempela futhi engamenza ngokushesha ukunikezwa okufanelekile. Ukuze wenze umsebenzi ofanayo, sebenzisa iphethini yezakhiwo ebizwa nge-event-driven architecture (EDA). Awekho ama-Service Meshes amanje asekela amaphethini anjalo, kodwa lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ebhange!
Kuyamangaza ukuthi i-Remote Procedure Call (RPC) isekelwa yizo zonke izinguqulo ze-Service Mesh, kodwa ayinabo ubungane ne-EDA. Ngoba i-Service Mesh iwuhlobo lokuhlanganiswa okusatshalaliswa kwesimanjemanje, futhi i-EDA iyiphethini yezakhiwo efanelekile ekuvumela ukuthi wenze izinto ezihlukile ngokuya ngesipiliyoni samakhasimende.
I-Enterprise Service Mesh yethu kufanele ixazulule le nkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sifuna ukubona kuwo ukuqaliswa kokulethwa okuqinisekisiwe, ukusakaza kanye nokucubungula imicimbi eyinkimbinkimbi kusetshenziswa izihlungi nezifanekiso ezihlukahlukene.
Isevisi yokudlulisa ifayela
Ngokungeziwe ku-EDA, kungaba kuhle ukwazi ukudlulisa amafayela: esikalini se-Enterprise, ngokuvamile ukuhlanganiswa kwefayela kuphela kungenzeka. Ikakhulukazi, i-ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) iphethini yezakhiwo isetshenziswa. Kuyo, njengomthetho, wonke umuntu ushintshanisa amafayela kuphela: idatha enkulu isetshenziswa, okungenakwenzeka ukuphusha ngezicelo ezihlukene. Ikhono lokusekela ukudluliselwa kwamafayela ngokwemvelo ku-Enterprise Service Mesh likunikeza ukuguquguquka kwezidingo zebhizinisi lakho.
Isevisi ye-orchestration
Izinhlangano ezinkulu cishe njalo zinamaqembu ahlukene enza imikhiqizo ehlukene. Isibonelo, ebhange, amanye amaqembu asebenza ngamadiphozithi, kanti amanye asebenza ngemikhiqizo ebolekiwe, futhi maningi impela amacala anjalo. Laba ngabantu abahlukene, amaqembu ahlukene abenza imikhiqizo yabo, bathuthukise ama-API abo futhi bawanikeze abanye. Futhi kaningi kunesidingo sokuqamba lezi zinsizakalo, kanye nokusebenzisa ingqondo eyinkimbinkimbi yokubiza ngokulandelana kwesethi yama-API. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, udinga isixazululo kusendlalelo sokuhlanganisa esizokwenza kube lula yonke le logic eyinhlanganisela (ukubiza ama-API amaningana, echaza umzila wesicelo, njll.). Lena isevisi ye-orchestration ku-Enterprise Service Mesh.
I-AI ne-ML
Lapho ama-microservices exhumana ngongqimba olulodwa lokuhlanganisa, i-Service Mesh ngokwemvelo yazi yonke into mayelana nezingcingo zesevisi ngayinye. Siqoqa i-telemetry: ngubani obize ubani, nini, isikhathi esingakanani, kangaki, njalonjalo. Uma kunamakhulu ezinkulungwane zalezi zinsizakalo, kanye nezigidigidi zezingcingo, konke lokhu kuyanqwabelana futhi kwakha Idatha Enkulu. Le datha ingahlaziywa kusetshenziswa i-AI, ukufunda ngomshini, njll., bese ezinye izinto eziwusizo zingenziwa ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlaziya. Kungaba okufanele ukuthi okungenani unikeze ukulawulwa kwayo yonke le thrafikhi yenethiwekhi namakholi wezinhlelo zokusebenza ahlanganiswe ku-Service Mesh kubuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Isevisi ye-API Gateway
Ngokuvamile, i-Service Mesh inabameleli namasevisi akhuluma wodwa ngaphakathi kweperimitha ethenjwayo. Kodwa kukhona nama-counterparties angaphandle. Izidingo zama-API ezivezwe kuleli qembu labathengi zinzima kakhulu. Sihlukanisa lo msebenzi ube izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko.
- Ukuphepha. Izinkinga ezihlobene nama-ddos, ukuba sengozini kwezivumelwano, izinhlelo zokusebenza, amasistimu okusebenza, nokunye.
- Isikali. Uma inani lama-API adinga ukuhlinzekwa kumakhasimende lifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni noma ngisho namakhulu ezinkulungwane, kunesidingo sohlobo oluthile lwethuluzi lokuphatha lale sethi yama-API. Udinga ukugada njalo i-API: noma ngabe iyasebenza noma cha, ukuthi siyini isimo sayo, iyiphi ithrafikhi egelezayo, yiziphi izibalo, njll. Isango le-API kufanele liphathe lo msebenzi ngenkathi lenza yonke inqubo ilawuleke futhi ivikeleke. Ngenxa yale ngxenye, i-Enterprise Service Mesh ifunda ukushicilela kalula kokubili ama-API angaphakathi nangaphandle.
Isevisi yokusekela yamaphrothokholi athile namafomethi wedatha (isango le-AS)
Okwamanje, izixazululo eziningi ze-Service Mesh zingasebenza ngokomdabu kuphela ngethrafikhi ye-HTTP ne-HTTP2 noma ngemodi encishisiwe ezingeni le-TCP/IP. I-Enterprise Service Mesh ivela namanye amaphrothokholi amaningi akhethekile wokudlulisa idatha. Amanye amasistimu angasebenzisa ama-broker wemiyalezo, amanye ahlanganiswe ezingeni lesizindalwazi. Uma inkampani ine-SAP, ingasebenzisa futhi uhlelo lwayo lokuhlanganisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke lokhu kuyasebenza futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yebhizinisi.
Ngeke nje uthi: "Asilahle ifa futhi senze amasistimu amasha angasebenzisa i-Service Mesh." Ukuze uxhume wonke amasistimu amadala nezintsha (ku-microservice architecture), amasistimu angasebenzisa i-Service Mesh azodinga uhlobo oluthile lwe-adaptha, umlamuli, isango. Vuma, kungaba kuhle uma ifika ngebhokisi kanye nenkonzo. Isango le-AC lingasekela noma iyiphi inketho yokuhlanganisa. Cabanga nje, uvele ufake i-Enterprise Service Mesh futhi isilungele ukusebenzisana nawo wonke amaphrothokholi owadingayo. Le ndlela yokwenza ibaluleke kakhulu kithi.
Lena cishe indlela esicabanga ngayo inguqulo yebhizinisi ye-Service Mesh (Enterprise Service Mesh). Ukwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo okuchaziwe kuxazulula izinkinga eziningi eziphakamayo uma uzama ukusebenzisa izinguqulo esezilungile ezenziwe ngomthombo ovulekile wenkundla yokuhlanganisa. Eyethulwe eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukwakheka kwe-Service Mesh kuyaqhubeka nokuvela, futhi sijabule kakhulu ngokuthi sikwazi ukufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Sithemba ukuthi ukuzizwisa kwethu kuzoba usizo kuwe.
Source: www.habr.com