I-Slack, Signal, Hangouts, Wire, iMessage, Telegram, Facebook Messenger... Kungani sidinga izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kangaka ukwenza umsebenzi owodwa?
Emashumini eminyaka adlule, ababhali bezinganekwane zesayensi babecabanga izimoto ezindizayo, amakhishi okupheka ngokuzenzekelayo, kanye nekhono lokubiza noma ubani emhlabeni. Kodwa babengazi ukuthi sizogcina sisesihogweni sezithunywa, ngokuhlinzekwa okungapheli kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziklanyelwe ukuthumela umbhalo kumngane.
Ukuthumela umbhalo sekuphenduke i-gymnastics yengqondo: Lo mngane akayisebenzisi i-iMessage, kodwa uzophendula uma ngithumela umlayezo ku-WhatsApp. Omunye unoWhatsApp, kodwa akaphenduli lapho, ngakho-ke kuzofanele usebenzise iTelegram. Abanye bangatholakala nge-Signal, i-SMS kanye ne-Facebook Messenger.
Singene kanjani kulolu bishi lwemiyalezo kuyilapho yonke into yayilula ngaphambili? Kungani sidinga ikhathalogi yonke yezicelo zokuthumela imiyalezo edingeka kuphela ukuxhumana nabangane?
I-SMS: uhlelo lokusebenza lokuqala lokuxhumana
Ngo-2005, ngangisemusha eNew Zealand, amafoni ayisimungulu ayesedumile, futhi kwakunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuthumela imilayezo efonini yakho: i-SMS.
Abathwali kuleli zwe banikeze inani le-$ 10 lemilayezo engenamkhawulo, kodwa ngokushesha bawafaka ku-10 ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi intsha izothumela imilayezo eminingi ngendlela evunyelwe. Sabala ibhalansi yemiyalezo yethu, sathumela izinkulungwane zemiyalezo ngosuku, futhi sazama ukungayisebenzisi yonke. Njengoba usufinyelele kuziro, uzithole unqanyuliwe emhlabeni, noma kudingeke ukuthi ukhokhe u-$000 ngomlayezo ngamunye kuze kube sekuqaleni kwenyanga elandelayo. Futhi wonke umuntu wayehlale edlula lowo mkhawulo, eqoqa izikweletu ngokuthumela amazwibela amancane ombhalo.
Konke kwase kulula ngaleso sikhathi. Uma nginenombolo yocingo yomuntu, ngangikwazi ukumthumelela umlayezo. Akudingekile ukuthi ngihlole izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi futhi ngishintshe phakathi kwamasevisi. Yonke imilayezo yayihlala endaweni eyodwa, futhi yonke into yayihamba kahle. Ukube bengikukhompyutha, bengingasebenzisa i-MSN Messenger noma i-AIM [masingakhohlwa ngokungafanele nge-ICQ/approx. transl.], kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi yonke into yayihlala ibuyela ku-SMS lapho ngise-AFK [hhayi kukhibhodi / cishe. transl.].
Kwabe sekungena i-inthanethi amafoni futhi kwavela uhlobo olusha lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo: njalo ku-inthanethi, ocingweni, ngezithombe, izixhumanisi nezinye izinhlobo zezinto. Futhi ngangingasadingeki ukuthi ngikhokhele u-opharetha u-$0,2 ngomlayezo ngamunye uma ngiku-inthanethi.
Ama-Startups nama-tech giants aqala ukulwela umhlaba omusha ongaxhumekile, okuholele ekutheni kuvele amakhulukhulu ezinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo eminyakeni elandelayo. I-iMessage ithole ukuduma phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-iPhone e-US, ngokwengxenye ngoba ingabuyela ku-SMS. I-WhatsApp, ngaleso sikhathi eyayisazimele, yanqoba i-Europe ngoba yayigxile ekuyimfihlo. I-China yangena futhi yasakaza i-WeChat, lapho abasebenzisi bagcine bekwazi ukwenza yonke into kusukela ekuthengeni umculo ukuze bathole amatekisi.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi amagama cishe azo zonke lezi zithunywa ezintsha ezisheshayo uzowazi: Viber, Signal, Telegraph, Messenger, Kik, QQ, Snapchat, Skype, njalonjalo. Okumangaza kakhulu ukuthi uzoba neziningana zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ocingweni lwakhoβakuyona nje eyodwa yazo. Akusekho isithunywa esisodwa nje.
E-Europe, lokhu kuyangicasula nsuku zonke: Ngisebenzisa i-WhatsApp ukuxhumana nabangane baseNetherlands, iTelegram kulabo abashintshele kuyo, Isigijimi nomndeni wami eNew Zealand, Isignali nabantu abenza ubuchwepheshe, Discord ngemidlalo abangani, i-iMessage nabazali bami kanye nemiyalezo eyimfihlo ku-Twitter nabantu engibaziyo abaku-inthanethi.
Izinkulungwane zezizathu ziye zasiholela kulesi simo, kodwa izithunywa ziye zaba uhlobo lwe-zoo: akekho ongabangane nomunye, futhi imilayezo ayikwazi ukudluliselwa phakathi kwezithunywa, ngoba ngamunye wabo usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bobunikazi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezindala zemiyalezo beziphathelene nokusebenzisana - isb. ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele imilayezo kwabanye abantu basebenzisa iphrothokholi efanayo.
Akukho okungakhuthaza i-Apple ukuthi ivule iphrothokholi ye-iMessage kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza β noma abasebenzisi be-Android β ngoba kungenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzisi basuke kuma-iPhones. Izithunywa seziphenduke izimpawu zesofthiwe evaliwe, ithuluzi eliphelele lokuphatha abasebenzisi: kunzima ukuziyeka lapho bonke abangani bakho bezisebenzisa.
Isevisi yemiyalezo emifushane, i-SMS, naphezu kwakho konke ukushiyeka kwayo, kwakuyinkundla evulekile. Njenge-imeyili namuhla, i-SMS ibisebenza yonke indawo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi noma umhlinzeki. Kungenzeka ukuthi ama-ISP abulele isevisi ngokukhokhisa inani eliphezulu ngokungenakulinganiswa, kodwa ngiyayikhumbula i-SMS ngenxa yokuthi βisebenzileβ futhi iyindlela eyodwa, ethembekile yokuthumela umlayezo kunoma ubani.
Lisekhona ithemba elincane
Uma i-Facebook iphumelela, lokho kungashintsha: I-New York Times ibike ngoJanuwari ukuthi inkampani ibisebenzela ukuhlanganisa i-Messenger, Instagram kanye ne-WhatsApp ibe yi-backend eyodwa ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuthumelana imiyalezo ngaphandle kokushintsha. Yize lokhu kubukeka kukhanga ngaphandle, akukhona engikudingayo: I-Instagram yinhle ngoba ihlukene, njenge-WhatsApp, futhi ukuhlanganisa lezi zinto zombili kuzonikeza uFacebook umbono ophelele wemikhuba yami.
Futhi, uhlelo olunjalo luzoba inhloso enkulu: uma zonke izithunywa zibuthene endaweni eyodwa, abahlaseli kuzodingeka bagebeze oyedwa wabo ukuze bathole konke ngawe. Abanye abasebenzisi abaqaphela ukuphepha bashintsha ngamabomu phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene, bakholelwa ukuthi izingxoxo zabo zinzima kakhulu ukulandelela uma zihlukaniswe zaba iziteshi ezimbalwa.
Kunamanye amaphrojekthi okuvuselela izinhlelo zemiyalezo evulekile. Iphrothokholi (RCS) iqhubeka nefa le-SMS, futhi isanda kuthola ukwesekwa okuvela kubaqhubi nabakhiqizi bedivayisi emhlabeni jikelele. I-RCS iletha zonke izici eziyintandokazi ze-iMessage endaweni evulekile - izinkomba zokushaya ucingo, izithombe, izimo eziku-inthanethi - ukuze isetshenziswe yinoma yimuphi umkhiqizi noma u-opharetha.
Nakuba i-Google ikhuthalele ukuphromotha leli zinga futhi ilihlanganisa ne-Android, i-RCS iye yaphuza ukuthola ukuthambekela futhi ihlangabezane nezinkinga zokubambezela ukutholwa kwayo okusabalele. Isibonelo, i-Apple yenqaba ukuyengeza ku-iPhone. Izinga lithole ukwesekwa kubadlali abakhulu abanjengoGoogle, Microsoft, Samsung, Huawei, HTC, ASUS njalo njalo, kodwa i-Apple ithule - mhlawumbe yesaba ukulahlekelwa isikhalazo se-iMessage. I-RCS iphinde incike ekusekelweni kwabaqhubi bayo, kodwa behlisa ijubane, njengoba izodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwengqalasizinda.
Kodwa iqiniso elingalungile liwukuthi le nxushunxushu cishe ngeke ilungiswe noma nini maduze. Ngokungafani nengxenye enkulu yomkhakha wezobuchwepheshe, lapho abadlali abaseduze-abadla ngokweqile baye balawula-i-Google ekusesheni, isibonelo, kanye ne-Facebook ezinkundleni zokuxhumana-ukuthumela imiyalezo kusamele kulawulwe. Ngokomlando, bekunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuzimela ekulayezeni ngoba inkambu ihlukene kakhulu futhi ukushintsha phakathi kwezinsizakalo kuyakhathaza kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-Facebook, ephethe izinsizakalo eziningi zemiyalezo emikhulu, izama ngokusobala ukuthatha lesi sikhala ukuze abasebenzisi bangasishiyi nhlobo.
Okwamanje, kunesixazululo esisodwa sokwenza impilo ibe lula: izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ΠΈ beka zonke izithunywa efasiteleni elilodwa ukuze wenze ukushintsha phakathi kwazo kusheshe.
Kodwa ekugcineni, yonke into ihlala injalo ocingweni: sinekhathalogu yonke yezithunywa, futhi ayikho indlela yokwenza yonke into ibe lula eyodwa. Ukukhetha okwengeziwe kule ndawo kuhle emncintiswaneni, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ngibheka ifoni yami, kufanele ngenze ukubala kwengqondo ebengilokhu ngikwenza cishe iminyaka eyishumi: Iluphi uhlelo lokusebenza okufanele ngilukhethe ukuthumela umlayezo kumngane?
Source: www.habr.com