Sanibonani nonke. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuqala kweqembu elisha lesifundo Sishicilela izinto eziwusizo ezibhalwe ngumfundi wethu, kanye nomeluleki wezifundo, uchwepheshe wosekelo lwezobuchwepheshe wemikhiqizo yezinkampani ze-REG.RU - Roman Travin.
Lesi sihloko sizocubungula izimo ezi-2 zokushintsha amadiski kanye nokudlulisa ulwazi kumadiski amasha anomthamo omkhulu ngokunwetshwa okwengeziwe kwesistimu yefayela. Icala lokuqala lizothinta ukushintshwa kwamadiski nge-MBR/MBR noma GPT/GPT partitioning, eyesibili imayelana nokushintshwa kwamadiski nge-MBR partitioning ngamadiski anomthamo ongaphezu kuka-2 TB, lapho uzodinga ukufaka khona. i-GPT partition ene-biosboot partition. Kuzo zombili izimo, amadiski esidlulisela kuwo idatha asevele efakiwe kuseva. Isistimu yefayela esetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande yi-ext4.
Icala 1: Ukushintsha amadiski amancane ngamadiski amakhulu (kufika ku-2TB)
Umsebenzi: Faka esikhundleni amadiski amanje ngamadiski amakhulu (afika ku-2 TB) ngokudluliswa kolwazi. Kulesi simo, sinamadiski angu-2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) anesistimu efakiwe kanye namadiski angu-2 x 1 TB SATA okudingeka adluliselwe kuwo isistimu.
Ake sibheke isakhiwo sediski samanje.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Ake sihlole isikhala sesistimu yefayela esetshenziswa njengamanje.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
Usayizi wesistimu yefayela ngaphambi kokufaka amadiski ngu-204 GB, kusetshenziswa ama-software array angu-2 md126, afakwe ngaphakathi. /boot и md127, esetshenziswa njenge umthamo womzimba kweqembu le-VG vg0.
1. Ukukhipha izingxenye zediski ezinhlelweni ezifanayo
Ihlola isimo samalungu afanayo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Isistimu isebenzisa izigaba ezi-2: md126 (indawo yokukhuphuka /boot) - iqukethe isigaba /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (i-LVM ye eguqulayo kanye nempande yesistimu yefayela) - iqukethe /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Simaka izingxenye zediski yokuqala ezisetshenziswa kuhlu ngalunye njengezimbi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Sisusa i-/dev/sda block device partitions kusukela kumalungu afanayo.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2Ngemva kokukhipha i-disk ohlwini, imininingwane yedivayisi ye-block izobukeka kanje.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Isimo sezinhlaka ngemva kokukhipha amadiski.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. Kopisha ithebula lokuhlukanisa kudiski entsha
Ungahlola ithebula lokuhlukanisa elisetshenzisiwe kudiski ngomyalo olandelayo.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
Okukhiphayo kwe-MBR kuzoba:
Disk label type: dosokwe-GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Ikopisha ithebula lokuhlukanisa le-MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcKuleli qembu kuqala drive ibonisiwe с okuyinto umaki ukopishiwe, okwesibili - kuphi kopisha.
QAPHELA: Okwe-GPT kuqala drive ibonisiwe lapho kopisha umaki, okwesibili idiski ibonisa idiski okuvela kuyo kopisha umaki. Uma uhlanganisa amadiski, ukwahlukanisa okuhle kokuqala kuzobhalwa ngaphezulu futhi kubhujiswe.
Ikopisha ithebula lesakhiwo se-GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbOkulandelayo, yabela i-UUID engahleliwe kudiski (ye-GPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
Ngemuva kokuthi umyalo usukhishiwe, ama-partitions kufanele avele kudiski /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Uma, ngemuva kokwenziwa kwesenzo, ukuhlukaniswa kwesistimu kudiski /dev/sdc singanqunywanga, bese sikhipha umyalo wokufunda kabusha ithebula lokuhlukanisa.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcUma amadiski amanje esebenzisa ithebula le-MBR futhi ulwazi ludinga ukudluliselwa kumadiski amakhulu kuno-2 TB, khona-ke kumadiski amasha uzodinga ukwenza ukwahlukanisa kwe-GPT ngesandla usebenzisa i-biosboot partition. Leli cala kuzoxoxwa ngalo eNgxenyeni 2 yalesi sihloko.
3. Ukwengeza izingxenye zediski entsha ohlwini
Ake sengeze ama-disk partitions ku-array ehambisanayo.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2Sihlola ukuthi izigaba zengeziwe.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Ngemva kwalokhu, silinda ukuthi ama-arrays avunyelaniswe.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Ungakwazi ukuqapha ngokuqhubekayo inqubo yokuvumelanisa usebenzisa insiza watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
Ipharamitha -n icacisa ukuthi yiziphi izikhawu kumasekhondi umyalo okufanele wenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqhubeka.
Phinda izinyathelo 1 - 3 ngediski yokufaka esikhundleni esilandelayo.
Simaka izingxenye zediski yesibili ezisetshenziswa kuhlu ngalunye njengezimbi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ikhipha izingxenye zedivayisi evinjiwe /dev/sdb kusuka kuma-arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2Ngemva kokukhipha i-disk ohlwini, imininingwane yedivayisi ye-block izobukeka kanje.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Isimo sezinhlaka ngemva kokukhipha amadiski.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Ikopisha ithebula lokuhlukanisa le-MBR kudiski /dev/sdс kudiski /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
Ngemuva kokuthi umyalo usukhishiwe, ama-partitions kufanele avele kudiski /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Ukwengeza ama-disk partitions kuma-array.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2Sihlola ukuthi izigaba zengeziwe.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ngemva kwalokhu, silinda ukuthi ama-arrays avunyelaniswe.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Ukufaka i-GRUB kumadrayivu amasha
Okwe-CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXOkwe-Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
kuphi X — incwadi ye-block device. Kulokhu, udinga ukufaka i-GRUB /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Isandiso sesistimu yefayela (ext4) sokuhlukaniswa kwezimpande
Kumadiski amasha /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB etholakalayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ithebula lokuhlukanisa likopishwe kumadiski amancane, ama-partitions /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB etholakalayo.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Kuyadingeka:
- Nweba i-partition 2 kudiski ngayinye,
- Nweba uhlu lwe-md127,
- Nweba i-PV (ivolumu yomzimba),
- Nweba i-LV (ivolumu enengqondo) vg0-root,
- Nweba isistimu yefayela.
Ukusebenzisa uhlelo ahlukaniswe asandise isigaba /dev/sdc2 ngenani eliphezulu. Yenza umyalo parted /dev/sdc (1) bese ubuka ithebula lokuhlukanisa lamanje nomyalo p (2).
Njengoba ubona, ukuphela kwe-partition 2 kugcina ku-240 GB. Masinwebe ukwahlukanisa ngomyalo resizepart 2, lapho u-2 eyinombolo yesigaba (3). Sibonisa inani ngefomethi yedijithali, isibonelo i-1000 GB, noma sebenzisa inkomba ye-disk share - 100%. Siphinde sihlole ukuthi ukwahlukanisa kunosayizi omusha (4).
Phinda izinyathelo ezingenhla zediski /dev/sdd. Ngemva kokunweba ama-partitions /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 ilingane no-930.5 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ngemva kwalokhu sinweba uluhlu Md127 kuya phezulu.
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxSihlola ukuthi amalungu afanayo anwetshiwe. Manje usayizi wayo usuyi-930.4 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Inweba isandiso umthamo womzimba. Ngaphambi kokunwetshwa, ake sihlole isimo samanje se-PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
Njengoba kubonakala, i-PV /dev/md127 isebenzisa u-222.4 GB wesikhala.
Sinweba i-PV ngomyalo olandelayo.
pvresize /dev/md127Ihlola umphumela wokunwetshwa kwe-PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Iyanweba ivolumu enengqondo. Ngaphambi kokunwetshwa, ake sihlole isimo samanje se-LV (1).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root isebenzisa 206.41 GB.
Sinweba i-LV ngomyalo olandelayo (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootSihlola isenzo esiqediwe (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
Njengoba ubona, ngemva kokwandisa i-LV, inani lesikhala sediski esithathiwe saba ngu-914.39 GB.
Ivolumu ye-LV inyukile (4), kodwa uhlelo lwefayela lusathatha u-204 GB (5).
1. Masinwebe isistimu yefayela.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootNgemva kokukhishwa komyalo, sibheka usayizi wesistimu yefayela.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0Usayizi wesistimu yefayela lezimpande uzokhuphuka ube ngu-900 GB. Ngemva kokuqeda izinyathelo, ungakwazi ukususa amadiski amadala.
Icala 2: Ukushintsha amadiski amancane ngamadiski amakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-2TB)
Ukuzivocavoca: Faka esikhundleni amadiski amanje ngamadiski amakhulu (2 x 3TB) kuyilapho ulondoloza ulwazi. Kulesi simo, sinamadiski angu-2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) anesistimu efakiwe kanye namadiski angu-2 x 3 TB SATA lapho isistimu idinga ukudluliselwa khona. Amadiski amanje asebenzisa ithebula lokuhlukanisa le-MBR. Njengoba amadiski amasha enomthamo omkhulu kuno-2 TB, azodinga ukusebenzisa ithebula le-GPT, njengoba i-MBR ingakwazi ukusebenza namadiski amakhulu kuno-2 TB.
Ake sibheke isakhiwo sediski samanje.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Ake sihlole ithebula lokuhlukanisa elisetshenziswe kudiski /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
Kudiski /dev/sdb kusetshenziswa ithebula lokuhlukanisa elifanayo. Ake sihlole isikhala sediski esisetshenzisiwe ohlelweni.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Njengoba ubona, impande yesistimu yefayela ithatha i-204 GB. Ake sihlole isimo samanje se-software ye-RAID yamalungu afanayo.
1. Ukufaka ithebula lokuhlukanisa le-GPT kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwediski
Ake sihlole ukwakheka kwediski ngomkhakha.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
Kudiski entsha ye-3TB sizodinga ukudala izingxenye ezi-3:
- Isigaba
bios_grubUsayizi we-2MiB wokuhambisana kwe-GPT BIOS, - Isehlukaniso samalungu afanayo e-RAID azofakwa phakathi
/boot. - Ingxenye yohlu lwe-RAID lapho kuzoba khona Izimpande ze-LV и Ukushintsha kwe-LV.
Ifaka insiza ahlukaniswe iqembu yum install -y parted (ye-CentOS), apt install -y parted (ye-Debian/Ubuntu).
Isebenzisa ahlukaniswe Masisebenzise imiyalo elandelayo ukuze sihlukanise idiski.
Yenza umyalo parted /dev/sdc bese uye kumodi yokuhlela isakhiwo sediski.
Dala ithebula lokuhlukanisa le-GPT.
(parted) mktable gpt
Dala isigaba esingu-1 bios_grub bese usethela ifulege.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
Dala i-partition 2 futhi usethe ifulegi layo. I-partition izosetshenziswa njengebhulokhi ye-RAID yamalungu afanayo futhi ifakwe phakathi /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onSakha isigaba sesi-3, esizophinda sisetshenziswe njengebhulokhi yohlelo lapho i-LVM izotholakala khona.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% Kulesi simo, akudingekile ukusetha ifulege, kodwa uma kunesidingo, ingasethwa ngomyalo olandelayo.
(parted) set 3 raid onSihlola ithebula elidaliwe.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
Sabela i-GUID entsha engahleliwe kudiski.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Ukukhipha izingxenye zediski yokuqala ohlwini
Ihlola isimo samalungu afanayo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Uhlelo lusebenzisa ama-arrays angu-2: md126 (iphoyinti lokukhuphuka / ibhuthi) - liqukethe /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (i-LVM ye swap kanye nempande yesistimu yefayela) - iqukethe /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Simaka izingxenye zediski yokuqala ezisetshenziswa kuhlu ngalunye njengezimbi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Ikhipha izingxenye zedivayisi evinjiwe /dev/sda kusuka kuma-arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Ihlola isimo sohlelo ngemva kokukhipha idiski.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Ukwengeza izingxenye zediski entsha ohlwini
Isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukwengeza izingxenye zediski entsha ezinhlelweni zokuvumelanisa. Ake sibheke isimo samanje sesakhiwo sediski.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Isigaba /dev/sdc1 kuyinto bios_grub ingxenye futhi ayibandakanyi ekudaleni amalungu afanayo. Amalungu afanayo azosetshenziswa kuphela /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Sengeza lezi zigaba kumalungu afanayo.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3Bese silinda ukuthi uhlu luvunyelaniswe.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Ukuhlukaniswa kwediski ngemva kokwengeza ukwahlukanisa kulungu elifanayo.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Ukukhipha izingxenye zediski yesibili ezinhlelweni
Simaka izingxenye zediski yesibili ezisetshenziswa kuhlu ngalunye njengezimbi.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ikhipha izingxenye zedivayisi evinjiwe /dev/sda kusuka kuma-arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. Kopisha ithebula lesakhiwo se-GPT bese uvumelanisa amalungu afanayo
Ukukopisha ithebula lokumaka le-GPT sizosebenzisa insiza sgdisk, efakwe kuphakheji yokusebenza ngama-disk partitions kanye netafula le-GPT - gdisk.
setting gdisk kwe-CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
setting gdisk kwe-Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskQAPHELA: Okwe-GPT kuqala drive ibonisiwe lapho kopisha ikhaphu, okwesibili idiski ibonisa idiski okuvela kuyo kopisha umaka. Uma uhlanganisa amadiski, ukwahlukanisa okuhle kokuqala kuzobhalwa ngaphezulu futhi kubhujiswe.
Kopisha ithebula lokumaka le-GPT.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
Ukuhlukaniswa kwediski ngemva kokudlulisa ithebula kudiski /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part Okulandelayo, sengeza ingxenye ngayinye ebamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zesoftware ye-RAID.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3Silinde amalungu afanayo ukuthi avumelanise.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Ngemuva kokukopisha ukwahlukanisa kwe-GPT kudiski entsha yesibili, ukwahlukanisa kuzobukeka kanje.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Okulandelayo, faka i-GRUB kumadiski amasha.
Ukufakwa kwe-CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXUkufakwa kwe-Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
kuphi X - incwadi yokushayela, esimweni sethu amadrayivu /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
Sibuyekeza ulwazi mayelana nohlelo.
Okwe-CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confOkwe-Debian/Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Ibuyekeza isithombe initrd:
Okwe-CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allOkwe-Debian/Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allSibuyekeza ukucushwa kwe-GRUB.
Okwe-CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Okwe-Debian/Ubuntu:
update-grubNgemva kokuqeda izinyathelo, amadiski amadala angasuswa.
6. Isandiso sesistimu yefayela (ext4) sokuhlukaniswa kwezimpande
Ukuhlukaniswa kwediski ngaphambi kokunwetshwa kwesistimu yefayela ngemva kokuthuthela isistimu kumadiski angu-2 x 3TB (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Manje izigaba /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 thatha i-2.7 TB. Njengoba sidale isakhiwo esisha sediski ngetafula le-GPT, usayizi we-partition 3 wamiswa ngokushesha endaweni enkulu yediski engenzeka; kulokhu, asikho isidingo sokwandisa ukwahlukanisa.
Kuyadingeka:
- Nweba uhlu lwe-md126,
- Nweba i-PV (ivolumu yomzimba),
- Nweba i-LV (ivolumu enengqondo) vg0-root,
- Nweba isistimu yefayela.
1. Nweba amalungu afanayo md126 kuya phezulu.
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
Ngemva kokwandiswa kwe-array md126 usayizi wendawo okuhlalwa kuyo unyukile wafinyelela ku-2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Iyanweba umthamo womzimba.
Ngaphambi kokunwetshwa, hlola inani lamanje le-PV / isikhala esithathiwe.dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 Sinweba i-PV ngomyalo olandelayo.
pvresize /dev/md126
Sihlola isenzo esiqediwe.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tIyanweba ivolumu enengqondo vg0-impande.
Ngemva kokunweba i-PV, ake sihlole isikhala esithathiwe i-VG.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tAke sihlole isikhala esithathwe u-LV.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Ivolumu ye-vg0-root ithatha u-206.41 GB.
Sinweba i-LV ibe isikhala esiphezulu sediski.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root Ihlola isikhala se-LV ngemva kokunwetshwa.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gUkunweba isistimu yefayela (ext4).
Ake sihlole usayizi wamanje wesistimu yefayela.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Ivolumu /dev/mapper/vg0-root ithatha 204 GB ngemva kokunwetshwa kwe-LV.
Ukunweba isistimu yefayela.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Ihlola usayizi wesistimu yefayela ngemva kokuyinweba.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
Usayizi wesistimu yefayela ukhulisiwe ukuze uhlanganise yonke ivolumu.
Source: www.habr.com