I-TL; DR iyiposi lemibuzo/izimpendulo mayelana neSayensi Yedatha kanye nendlela yokungena kulo mkhakha futhi uthuthuke kuwo. Esihlokweni ngizohlaziya izimiso eziyisisekelo kanye ne-FAQ futhi ngilungele ukuphendula imibuzo yakho ethize - bhala kumazwana (noma emlayezo oyimfihlo), ngizozama ukuphendula yonke into phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ngokufika kochungechunge lwamanothi "Usuku lukaSathane", imilayezo eminingi namazwana afika nemibuzo mayelana nokuthi ungaqala kanjani futhi kuphi ukumba, futhi namuhla sizohlaziya amakhono ayinhloko nemibuzo eyavela ngemva kokushicilelwa.
Yonke into eshiwo lapha ayisho ukuthi iyiqiniso eliwujuqu futhi ingumbono ozimele wombhali. Sizobheka izinto ezibalulekile ezibonakala zibaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo.
Kungani ngempela lokhu kudingeka?
Ukuze umgomo ufezeke kangcono, ukuze ubukeke okungenani uthi ngqo - ufuna ukuba yi-DS noma iSayensi Yokucwaninga ku-Facebook/Apple/Amazon/Netflix/Google - bheka izidingo, izilimi namakhono adingekayo ikakhulukazi yisiphi isikhundla. Ithini inqubo yokuqasha? Usuku olujwayelekile luhamba kanjani endimeni enjalo? Ibukeka kanjani iphrofayili yomuntu osebenza lapho?
Ngokuvamile isithombe esiphelele siwukuthi umuntu akaqondi ngempela ukuthi yini ngempela ayifunayo futhi akucaci kahle ukuthi angasilungiselela kanjani lesi sithombe esingacacile - ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuba okungenani ube nohlelo olubi lwalokho okufunayo.
Qinisekisa ukubuka kwegoli kwamanje
Ngisho noma ishintsha endleleni, futhi ngokuvamile kuvamile ukushintsha izinhlelo phakathi nomdlalo, kufanelekile ukuba nomgomo phambi kwakho futhi ugxile kuwo, uhlole ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ucabange kabusha.
Ingabe kuyoba noma kusabalulekile?
Ngesikhathi ukhula ube yisikhundla.
Cabanga ukuthi ngaphambi kwesikhundla sakho udinga ukuthola i-PhD, usebenze iminyaka engu-2-3 embonini futhi ngokuvamile ugunda izinwele zakho ngenkathi uzindla endlini yezindela - ngeke yini isimo se-Data Science sifane njengoba sasinjalo kosomnotho futhi abameli? Ingabe yonke into izoshintsha ngale kokuqashelwa endaweni ofuna ukuyilandela?
Alikho yini ithuba elihle lokuthi wonke umuntu uzophuthuma lapho manje futhi sizobona isithombe lapho kunongqimba olubanzi lwabantu abazama ukungena kulo mkhakha - futhi kuzoba nesikhundla esincane sokuqala.
Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ucabangele izitayela zamanje lapho ukhetha indlela, hhayi nje isimo samanje semakethe yezabasebenzi, kodwa futhi nombono wakho wokuthi ishintsha kanjani nokuthi ikuphi.
Isibonelo, umbhali akazange ahlele ukuba uSathane, kodwa ngesikhathi se-PhD yakhe wasebenza kumaphrojekthi ezinkampani zangaphandle ayenamakhono aqinile afana ne-DS, futhi ekupheleni kwesikole esiphakeme washintshela emvelweni, ebona okuhle. isikhundla.
Uma phakathi nomdlalo kuvela ukuthi kuzodingeka uthuthele kwenye indawo - ngoba manje kukhona ukunyakaza kakhulu futhi zonke izenzo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zenzeka, khona-ke sizothuthela lapho ngokwemvelo.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwekhono
Lezi izigaba zamakhono ezinemibandela ezibonakala kimi njengokhiye womsebenzi ogcwele nempumelelo ku-DS. Ngizogqamisa isiNgisi ngokwehlukana - funda noma yini oyenzayo nge-CS. Okulandelayo yizigaba ezibalulekile.
I-Programming/Scripting
Yiziphi izilimi oqinisekile ukuthi uzojwayelana nazo? I-Python? Java? Ukubhalwa kwegobolondo? Lua? Sql? C++?
Yini ngempela okudingeka ukwazi ukuyenza nokuthi kungani ngokuya ngezinhlelo - ububanzi bezikhundla lapha buhluka kakhulu.
Isibonelo, ngokuvamile kufanele ngisebenzise ingqondo eyinkimbinkimbi, imibuzo, amamodeli, izibalo, futhi ngokuvamile ngithuthukise amasistimu ahunyushiwe, kodwa cishe azikho izidingo zejubane lekhodi, ngaphandle kwalezo ezivame kakhulu nezinengqondo.
Ngakho-ke, isethi yami yamakhono ihluke kakhulu kulabo ababhala umtapo wezincwadi we-Tensorflow futhi bacabange ngokwenza kahle ikhodi ukuze isetshenziswe kahle inqolobane ye-l1 nezinto ezifanayo, ngakho-ke bheka ukuthi yini ngempela oyidingayo futhi uhlole indlela efanele yokufunda.
Isibonelo, nge-python, abantu sebevele benza ukufunda ulimi.
Impela, kukhona kakade izeluleko ezinolwazi kanye nemithombo emihle yezidingo zakho - udinga ukunquma ngohlu bese uqala ukusebenza kulo.
Ukuqonda izinqubo zebhizinisi
Awukwazi ukuya noma kuphi ngaphandle kwayo: udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kungani udingeka kule nqubo, wenzani nokuthi kungani. Lokhu ngokuvamile yikho okungakongela ithoni yesikhathi, kwandise izinzuzo zakho, futhi ugweme ukuchitha isikhathi nezinsiza ku-crap.
Ngokuvamile, ngizibuza imibuzo elandelayo:
- Ngenzenjani ngempela enkampanini?
- Kungani?
- Ubani ozoyisebenzisa futhi kanjani?
- Yiziphi izinketho enginazo?
- Iyini imikhawulo yamapharamitha?
Nansi imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana namapharamitha: ungashintsha kakhulu isimo somsebenzi uma wazi ukuthi okuthile kunganikelwa: isibonelo, ukutolika noma okuphambene nalokho, amaphesenti ambalwa ngeke adlale indima lapha futhi sinokushesha kakhulu. isisombululo, futhi iklayenti liyasidinga, ngoba likhokhela isikhathi lapho ipayipi lisebenza ku-AWS.
Math
Lapha ucabanga futhi uqonde konke ngokwakho - ngaphandle kolwazi lwezibalo eziyisisekelo awuyona into engaphezu kwezinkawu ezinebhomu (uxolo Ihlathi Elingahleliwe) - ngakho-ke udinga ukuqonda okungenani izinto eziyisisekelo. Uma bengingahlanganisa uhlu oluncane kakhulu, lungafaka:
- I-algebra yomugqa - inani elikhulu lezinsiza kulula ku-Google, bheka lokho okukufanele kakhulu;
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo - (okungenani kuma-semester amabili okuqala);
- Ithiyori yamathuba ikuyo yonke indawo ekufundeni komshini;
- Ama-Combinatorics - empeleni ayahambisana nethiyori;
- Ithiyori yegrafu - okungenani BASIC;
- Ama-algorithms - okungenani amasemester amabili okuqala (bona izincomo zikaCormen encwadini yakhe);
- Izibalo - okungenani eziyisisekelo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha okusebenzayo nokubona ngeso lengqondo
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukungakwazi ukwesaba ukungcolisa izandla zakho ngedatha futhi wenze ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwedathasethi, iphrojekthi, futhi udale ukubonwa kwedatha okusheshayo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yokuhlola kufanele kube into engokwemvelo, njengazo zonke ezinye izinguquko zedatha kanye nekhono lokudala ipayipi elilula ukusuka kuma-unix node (bona izihloko zangaphambilini) noma ubhale incwadi yokubhalela efundekayo neqondakalayo.
Ngingathanda ukusho ukubona ngeso lengqondo: kungcono ukubona kanye kunokuzwa izikhathi eziyikhulu.
Ukubonisa igrafu kumphathi kulula futhi kucace izikhathi eziyikhulu kunesethi yezinombolo, ngakho-ke i-matplotlib, i-seaborn ne-ggplot2 bangabangani bakho.
Amakhono athambile
Kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukukwazi ukudlulisela imibono yakho, kanye nemiphumela nezinkathazo (njll.) kwabanye - qiniseka ukuthi ungakwazi ukusho ngokucacile umsebenzi kokubili kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nebhizinisi.
Ungakwazi ukuchazela ozakwenu, abaphathi, abaphathi, amaklayenti nanoma ubani omunye oyidingayo ukuthi kwenzekani, iyiphi idatha oyisebenzisayo nokuthi imiphi imiphumela oyitholile.
Amashadi namadokhumenti akho kufanele afundwe ngaphandle kwakho. Okusho ukuthi, awudingi ukuya kuwe ukuze uqonde okubhalwe lapho.
Ungenza isethulo esicacile ukuze uthole iphuzu futhi/noma ubhale phansi iphrojekthi/umsebenzi wakho.
Ungadlulisa umbono wakho ngendlela enengqondo futhi engenamizwa, uthi “yebo/cha” noma ubuze/usekele isinqumo.
Izifundo zokuqeqesha
Kunezindawo eziningi ezahlukene lapho ungafunda khona konke lokhu. Ngizonikeza uhlu olufushane - ngizame konke okuvela kulo futhi, uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, into ngayinye inobuhle nebubi bayo. Yizame bese unquma ukuthi yini ekufanele, kodwa ngincoma kakhulu ukuthi uzame izinketho ezimbalwa futhi ungabambeki kokukodwa.
- Izifundo eziku-inthanethi: coursera, udacity, Edx, njll;
- Izikole ezintsha: eziku-inthanethi nezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi - I-SkillFactory, i-ShaD, MADE;
- Izikole zasendulo: izinhlelo zenkosi yasenyuvesi kanye nezifundo zokuqeqesha ezithuthukile;
- Amaphrojekthi - ungamane ukhethe imisebenzi oyithandayo bese uyisika, uyilayishe ku-github;
- Ama-Internship - kunzima ukuphakamisa noma yini lapha; kufanele ubheke okutholakalayo futhi uthole izinketho ezifanele.
Ingabe kuyadingeka?
Sengiphetha, cishe ngizongeza izimiso zomuntu siqu ezintathu engizama ukuzilandela mina ngokwami.
- Kufanele kuthakazelise;
- Letha injabulo yangaphakathi (= okungenani ingabangeli ukuhlupheka);
- "Ukuba ngowakho."
Kungani? Kunzima ukucabanga ukwenza okuthile nsuku zonke futhi ungakujabuleli noma ukungabi nasithakazelo. Cabanga ukuthi ungudokotela futhi uzonda ukuxhumana nabantu - lokhu, yiqiniso, kungasebenza ngandlela-thile, kodwa uzobe ungakhululekile ngokugeleza kweziguli ezifuna ukukubuza okuthile. Lokhu akusebenzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kungani ngikhulume ngokuqondile ngobumnandi bangaphakathi? Kubonakala kimina ukuthi lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi, ngokomthetho, inqubo yokufunda. Ngikujabulela kakhulu lapho ngikwazi ukuqedela isici esithile esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngakhe imodeli noma ngibale ipharamitha ebalulekile. Ngiyayijabulela lapho ikhodi yami inhle ngobuhle futhi ibhalwe kahle. Ngakho-ke, ukufunda okuthile okusha kuyathakazelisa futhi akudingi ngokuqondile noma yisiphi isisusa esibalulekile.
“Ukuba ngowakho” kuwumuzwa ofanayo wokuthi yilokhu obufuna ukukwenza. Nginendaba encane. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngithanda umculo we-rock (kanye nensimbi - SALMON!) Futhi, njengabanye abaningi, ngangifuna ukufunda ukudlala futhi yilokho kuphela. Kwavela ukuthi ngangingezwa futhi ngingenaphimbo - lokhu akuzange kungikhathaze nakancane (futhi kufanele ngisho ukuthi lokhu akubakhathazi abadlali abaningi esiteji), kwathi ngisafunda isikole ngathola isiginci... kwacaca ukuthi angikuthandi ngempela ukuhlala amahora amaningi ngidlale kuyo. Kwakunzima, njalo kimina kwakubonakala sengathi uhlobo oluthile lwenkunzi - angizange ngithole injabulo kukho futhi ngivele ngizizwe nginesizungu, ngiyisilima futhi ngingenakukwazi ngokuphelele. Ngaziphoqa ngokoqobo ukuthi ngihlale phansi ukuze ngifunde futhi ngokujwayelekile kwakungekona ukudla okuhle kwehhashi.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngangikwazi ukuhlala ngokuthula amahora amaningi ngithuthukisa ithoyizi elithile, ngisebenzisa umbhalo ukuze ngiphilise okuthile nge-flash (noma enye into) futhi ngagqugquzelwa kabi ukuthi ngiqedele izinto emdlalweni noma ngibhekane nobunjiniyela bokunyakaza kanye/noma ukuxhuma amalabhulali ezinkampani zangaphandle, ama-plugin nakho konke okunye.
Futhi ngesinye isikhathi ngabona ukuthi ukudlala isiginci akuyona into yami futhi ngithanda ngempela ukulalela, hhayi ukudlala. Futhi amehlo ami ayecwebezela lapho ngibhala imidlalo nekhodi (ngilalela zonke izinhlobo zensimbi ngaleso sikhathi) futhi yilokho engangikuthanda ngaleso sikhathi, futhi yilokho okwakufanele ngabe ngiyakwenza.
Ingabe unayo eminye imibuzo?
Yebo, asikwazanga ukudlula zonke izihloko nemibuzo, ngakho-ke bhala amazwana futhi ungi-PM - ngihlala ngijabule ngokuba nemibuzo.
Source: www.habr.com