Sawubona, balandeli abathandekayo be-inthanethi Yezinto. Kulesi sihloko, ngithanda futhi ukukhuluma mayelana nezindlu kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi kanye nocwaningo lwamadivayisi okulinganisa.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, umdlali omkhulu olandelayo we-telecom ukhuluma ngokuthi uzongena ngokushesha kangakanani kule makethe futhi aphule wonke umuntu ongaphansi kwakhe. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ngizwa izindaba ezinjengalezi, ngicabanga ukuthi: βBafo, ninenhlanhla!β
Awazi nokuthi uyaphi.
Ukuze uqonde ubukhulu benkinga, ngizokutshela kafushane ingxenye encane yokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu ekuthuthukiseni inkundla ye-Smart City. Leyo ngxenye yayo enesibopho sokuthumela.
Umbono ojwayelekile kanye nobunzima bokuqala
Uma singakhulumi ngamadivaysi e-metering ngamanye, kodwa lawo asezindaweni ezingaphansi, amakamelo okubhayela kanye namabhizinisi, ngakho-ke iningi lawo manje lifakwe okukhiphayo kwe-telemetric. I-pulsed kancane ngokuvamile, kaningi - RS-485/232 noma i-Ethernet. Njengomthetho, amadivaysi e-metering awusizo kakhulu yilawo abala ukushisa. Bazimisele ukukhokhela ukuthunyelwa kwabo kwasekuqaleni.
Sengike ngaxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngezici ze-RS-485 esihlokweni sami. Ngamafuphi, lokhu kumane kuwukudluliswa kwedatha. Empeleni, lezi yizidingo zamathonya kagesi nemigqa yokuxhumana. Incazelo yamaphakheji ifika ezingeni eliphezulu, kuzinga lokudluliswa kwedatha, elisebenza phezulu kwe-RS-485. Futhi hlobo luni lwezinga elizoba khona lishiyelwa kumenzi. Ngokuvamile i-Modbus, kodwa ayidingeki. Noma kuyi-Modbus, isengashintshwa ngandlela thize.
Eqinisweni, imitha ngayinye idinga umbhalo wayo wokuhlola, βongakwazi ukukhulumaβ nayo futhi uyiphenye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isistimu yokuthumela iyisethi yeskripthi yekhawunta ngayinye ngayinye. I-database lapho konke lokhu kugcinwa khona. Futhi interface ethile yomsebenzisi lapho angakhiqiza khona umbiko awudingayo.
Kubukeka kulula. Udeveli, njengenjwayelo, usemininingwaneni.
Ake siqale ngengxenye yokuqala.
Imibhalo
Zibhalwa kanjani? Hhayi-ke, ngokusobala, thenga umshini wokulinganisa, cabanga ngawo, funda ukuxhumana nawo futhi uwuhlanganise endaweni yesikhulumi esivamile.
Ngeshwa, lesi sixazululo sizofaka ingxenye yezidingo zethu kuphela. Ngokuvamile, isibali esidumile sinezizukulwane ezimbalwa, futhi umbhalo wesizukulwane ngasinye ungase uhluke. Ngezinye izikhathi kancane, ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu. Uma uthenga okuthile, uthola isizukulwane sakamuva. Obhalisile cishe uzoba nokuthile okudala. Ayisadayiswa ezitolo. Futhi obhalisile ngeke ashintshe iyunithi yokulinganisa.
Ngakho inkinga yokuqala. Ukubhala imibhalo enjalo kuyinhlanganisela eqinile yabathuthukisi be-software nonjiniyela "emhlabathini". Sithenge isizukulwane sakamuva, sabhala isifanekiso sokuqala sase sishintsha kumadivayisi angempela. Akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu elabhorethri, kuphela ngenkathi usebenza nababhalisile ababukhoma.
Kusithathe isikhathi esiningi ukwakha inqwaba enjalo. I-algorithm manje isisetshenziwe. Izifanekiso zokuqala zazilungiswa njalo futhi zengezwe, kuye ngokuthi yini esihlangabezane nayo ekusebenzeni kwethu. Yiqiniso, obhalisile waxwayiswa uma ngokuzumayo imitha yakhe iphenduka "ivaliwe" kancane. Uma idivayisi enjalo ivela, ixhunywa ngokohlelo olujwayelekile futhi umbhalo wenhlolovo uyalungiswa endleleni. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, obhalisile usebenza mahhala. Waziswa ukuthi kumanje uhlala endaweni yokuhlola. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa ngokwayo iyinto engalindelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi udinga kuphela ukwenza izilungiso ezincane. Kungase kube nenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela ukuya esizeni, ukuhlahlela izincwadi ngefosholo kanye nokunqoba ireki ngokulandelana.
Umsebenzi awulula, kodwa uyaxazululeka. Umphumela uba iskripthi esisebenzayo. Uma umtapo wolwazi umkhulu, ukuphila kulula.
Inkinga yesibili.
Amakhadi okuxhumana kwezobuchwepheshe
Ukuze uqonde inkimbinkimbi yalo msebenzi, ngizonikeza isibonelo. Ake sithathe imitha yokushisa ethandwa kakhulu i-VKT-7.
Igama ngokwalo alisitsheli lutho. I-VKT-7 inezixazululo eziningana zensimbi. Hlobo luni lwesixhumi esibonakalayo enaso ngaphakathi?
Kunezinketho ezahlukene. Kungase kube khona iphinikhodi kubhulokhi elijwayelekile le-DB-9 (lena i-RS-232). Kungase kube i-terminal block enoxhumana nabo be-RS-485. Mhlawumbe ngisho nekhadi lenethiwekhi eline-RJ-45 (kulokhu i-ModBus ihlanganiswe ku-Ethernet).
Noma mhlawumbe lutho nhlobo. Idivayisi nje yokulinganisa engenalutho. Ungafaka okukhiphayo ku-interface kuyo; ithengiswa ngokuhlukene ngumkhiqizi futhi ibiza imali. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi ukuyifaka udinga ukuvula imitha futhi uphule izimpawu. Okusho ukuthi, inhlangano ehlinzeka ngezinsiza ifakiwe kule nqubo. Uyaziswa ukuthi izimpawu zizophulwa, usuku lubekiwe futhi unjiniyela wethu, phambi kommeleli wezinsiza, wenza izinguquko ezidingekayo, ngemva kwalokho imitha ivalwe futhi.
Kuye ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esifakiwe, kwenziwa izinguquko ezengeziwe. Isibonelo, sinqume ukuxhuma imitha ngocingo. Lena inketho elula, uma ukushintsha kwethu kungaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-100, khona-ke ukudlala nge-LoRa akudingekile. Kulula ukuxhuma ikhebula kunethiwekhi yethu, ku-VLAN engayodwa.
Ku-RS-485/232 udinga isiguquli esiya ku-Ethernet. Abaningi bazokhumbula ngokushesha i-MOHA, kodwa kuyabiza. Ukuze uthole izixazululo zethu, sikhethe isixazululo esishibhile saseShayina.
Uma okukhiphayo kuyi-Ethernet ngokuqondile, isiguquli asidingeki.
Umbuzo. Ake sithi sizifakela okukhiphayo esibonakalayo. Ungayenza impilo yakho ibe lula futhi ufake ngokushesha i-Ethernet yonke indawo?
Lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kudingeka sibheke ukwakheka komzimba. Ingase ingabi nayo imbobo edingekayo ukuze isixhumi esibonakalayo silingane kahle. Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi ikhawunta isendlini yethu engaphansi. Noma ku-boiler room. Kukhona umswakama ophezulu lapho, uphawu alukwazi ukuphulwa. Ukuqeda umzimba ngefayela kuwumbono omubi. Kungcono ukufaka okuthile ekuqaleni okungadingi izinguquko ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile i-RS-485 iyona kuphela indlela yokuphuma.
Ngokuqhubekayo. Ingabe imitha ixhunywe kumandla aqinisekisiwe? Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke isebenza ngamandla ebhethri. Kule modi, yakhelwe ukuvota mathupha kanye ngenyanga imizuzu emithathu. Ukufinyelela njalo i-VKT-7 kuzokhipha ibhethri layo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukunikeza amandla aqinisekisiwe futhi ufake isiguquli se-voltage.
Imojula yamandla ihlukile kumkhiqizi wamamitha ngamunye. Lokhu kungaba iyunithi yesitimela ye-DIN yangaphandle noma isiguquli esakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Kuvele ukuthi inqolobane yethu kufanele ihlale igcina isethi yokuxhumana ehlukene namamojula wamandla kumitha ngayinye. Ububanzi bakhona buyamangalisa.
Yiqiniso, konke lokhu ekugcineni kuzokhokhelwa obhalisile. Kodwa ngeke alinde inyanga ukuze kufike idivayisi efanele. Futhi udinga isilinganiso sokuxhuma lapha futhi manje. Ngakho inqolobane yezobuchwepheshe iwela emahlombe ethu.
Konke engikuchazile kuphenduka imephu ecacile yokuxhumanisa lobuchwepheshe, ukuze onjiniyela bendawo bangacabangi ukuthi hlobo luni lwesilo abahlangabezane nalo endaweni engaphansi elandelayo nokuthi yini abayidingayo ukuze sisebenze.
Imephu yobuchwepheshe iseduze nemithethonqubo evamile yokuxhuma. Phela, akwanele ukufaka imitha kunethiwekhi yethu; sisadinga ukunamathisela i-VLAN efanayo embotsheni yokushintsha, sidinga ukwenza ukuxilonga, futhi senze inhlolovo yokuhlola. Silwela ukwenza yonke inqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze sigweme amaphutha futhi singabandakanyi onjiniyela abangadingekile.
Kulungile, sibhale amamephu wezobuchwepheshe, imithethonqubo, i-automation. Sesisungule ezokuthutha.
Yiziphi ezinye izingibe ezifihliwe?
Idatha iyafundwa bese ithululelwa kusizindalwazi.
Lezi zinombolo zenza obhalisile angashisi noma angabandi. Udinga umbiko. Okungcono ngendlela ajwayele ngayo. Kungcono nakakhulu uma ngokushesha kusesimweni sombiko angawuqonda, angawuphrinta, awusayine futhi awuthumele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sidinga isixhumi esibonakalayo esilula nesiqondakalayo esibonisa ulwazi kumitha futhi esingakhiqiza umbiko ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Lapha i-zoo yethu iqhubeka. Iqiniso liwukuthi kunamafomu amaningana okubika. Emgogodleni wabo, babonisa into efanayo (ukushisa okudliwe), kodwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Abanye ababhalisile babika ngamavelu aphelele (okungukuthi, kukholamu yokusetshenziswa kokushisa, amanani abhalwa kusukela ekufakweni kwemitha), amanye ku-deltas (lokhu yilapho sibhala ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokubhekisela amanani okuqala). Eqinisweni, abasebenzisi izindinganiso ezifanayo, kodwa imikhuba emisiwe. Kube khona izimo lapho ababhalisile bebona wonke amanani abawadingayo (inani lokushisa elisetshenzisiwe, umthamo wokupholisa okuhlinzekiwe nokukhishiwe, umehluko wezinga lokushisa), kodwa amakholomu embikweni awekho ngokulandelana okulungile.
Ngakho isinyathelo esilandelayo - umbiko kufanele wenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo. Okusho ukuthi, obhalisile ngokwakhe ukhetha ukuthi yini ehamba ngokulandelana nokuthi yiziphi izinsiza ezikudokhumenti yakhe.
Kunephuzu elithakazelisayo lapha. Konke kuhamba kahle uma imitha yethu ifakwe ngendlela efanele. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi inkampani yokufaka, lapho ifaka i-ITP, yenza iphutha futhi ibeka ngokungalungile isikhathi semitha. Sihlangabezane namadivayisi acabanga ukuthi u-2010. Kusistimu yethu, lokhu kuzobukeka njengokufundwa okunguziro kwedethi yamanje, nokusetshenziswa kwangempela uma sikhetha u-2010. I-Deltas iwusizo kakhulu lapha. Okusho ukuthi, sithi kuningi okwenzekile kulamahora angama-XNUMX edlule.
Kungabonakala, kungani ubunzima obunjalo? Ingabe kunzima kangaka ukusonga iwashi lakho?
Impela nge-VKT-7 lokhu kuzoholela ekusethweni kabusha okuphelele kwekhawunta nokususwa kwezingobo zomlando kuyo.
Obhalisile uzophoqeleka ukuthi afakazele ezikhulwini zezinsiza ukuthi akazange ayifake izolo i-ITP, kodwa eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.
Futhi ekugcineni, uqweqwe lukashukela ekhekheni.
Isiphequluli
Sinemitha kanye nombiko. Phakathi kwazo kunesistimu yethu, ekhiqiza lo mbiko. Uyamkholwa?
Ngiyavuma. Kodwa singabonisa kanjani ukuthi akukho lutho olushintshayo ngaphakathi kwethu, ukuthi asiyihlanekezeli incazelo. Lokhu sekuvele kuyindaba yesitifiketi. Uhlelo lokuhlola kufanele lube nesitifiketi esiqinisekisa ukungakhethi kwalo. Wonke amasistimu amakhulu, njenge-LERS, Ya Energetik namanye anesitifiketi esifanayo. Siphinde sayithola, nakuba ibiza futhi ithatha isikhathi esiningi.
Yiqiniso, ungakwazi njalo ukusika ekhoneni futhi uthenge okuthile okulungele. Kodwa unjiniyela kuzofanele akukhokhele lokhu. Futhi umthuthukisi angeke abuze kuphela imali yokungena, kodwa futhi nemali yokubhalisa. Okusho ukuthi, sizophoqeleka ukuba sihlanganyele naye ingxenye yophayi wethu.
Kungani konke?
Lena akuyona inkinga enkulu. Ukuzakhela isistimu yakho nakho kubiza kakhulu futhi kunzima kakhulu. Nokho, inikeza inzuzo ebalulekile. Siyiqonda kahle indlela esebenza ngayo. Siyikala kalula, singayilungisa uma isidingo esinjalo sivela ngokuzumayo. Obhalisile uthola isevisi ephelele, futhi thina, XNUMX% ukulawula inqubo.
Yingakho sikhethe indlela yesibili. Sitshale unyaka wezimpilo zonjiniyela bethu nonjiniyela bezindawo kuwo. Kodwa manje sikuqonda ngokucacile ukusebenza kwalo lonke iketango.
Uma ngibheka emuva, ngiyaqonda ukuthi ngaphandle kolwazi oluzuziwe, bengingeke ngikwazi ukuchaza kahle ukuziphatha okungavamile kwekhawunta ethile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye okungakhiwa ngesisekelo sohlelo lokuthunyelwa. Ama-alamu okusetshenziswa ngokweqile, umbiko wengozi. Silungiselela ukukhipha isicelo seselula maduze.
Saqhubekela phambili futhi sengeza endaweni yethu (ayikho enye indlela yokuyibiza) amandla okwamukela izicelo ezivela kubahlali, ikhono lokulawula βama-intercoms ethu ahlakaniphile,β ukulawula ukukhanya komgwaqo, namanye amaphrojekthi amaningana engingawabhali. mayelana okwamanje.
Konke lokhu kunzima, kwephula ubuchopho futhi kudla isikhathi. Kodwa umphumela uwufanele. Ababhalisile bathola umkhiqizo osulungile, ophelele.
Wonke umqhubi ohlela ukungena emkhakheni wezindlu nezinsiza zomphakathi nakanjani uzothatha le ndlela. Ingabe kuzodlula?
Nanku umbuzo. Akukhulunywa ngisho nemali. Njengoba ngibhale ngenhla, okudingekayo lapha inhlanganisela yomsebenzi wasensimini kanye nentuthuko. Akubona bonke abadlali abakhulu abajwayele lokhu. Uma abathuthukisi bakho betholakala eMoscow, futhi uxhumano lwenziwa eNovosibirsk, khona-ke isikhathi sakho somkhiqizo ophelile sinwetshwa kakhulu.
Isikhathi sizokutshela ukuthi ubani ozohlala kule makethe, futhi ubani ozothi - kahle, hamba esihogweni! Kodwa into eyodwa engiyazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuza uzothatha isabelo semakethe ngemali kuphela. Le nqubo idinga izindlela ezingajwayelekile, onjiniyela abahle, ukungena kubalawuli, ukuxhumana nezikhulu zezinsiza kanye nababhalisile, ukuhlonza njalo nokunqoba izinkinga.
I-PS Kulesi sihloko ngigxile ngamabomu ekushiseni futhi angizange ngikhulume ngogesi noma amanzi. Ngiphinde ngichaze uxhumano lwekhebula. Uma sinokukhipha kwe-pulse, kunama-nuances athile, njengokuhlola okuyisibopho ngemva kokufakwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi intambo ayikwazi ukufinyelelwa, bese i-LoRaWAN iqala ukusebenza. Akunangqondo ukuchaza yonke inkundla yethu kanye nezigaba zokuthuthuka kwayo esihlokweni esisodwa.
Source: www.habr.com