🥇Yethula umugqa womyalo we-Linux ku-iOS

Ubuwazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa umugqa womyalo we-Linux kudivayisi ye-iOS? Ungase ubuze, "Kungani kufanele ngisebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthumela imiyalezo ku-iPhone yami?" Umbuzo olungile. Kodwa uma ufunda i-Opensource.com, cishe uyayazi impendulo: Abasebenzisi be-Linux bafuna ukukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kunoma iyiphi idivayisi futhi bafuna ukuyenza ngokwezifiso yona ngokwabo.

Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, bafuna ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngine-iPad 2 Mini eneminyaka eyisikhombisa eseyilungele ukufunda ama-e-books neminye imisebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ngifuna futhi ukuyisebenzisa ukuze ngifinyelele umugqa womyalo wezinhlelo zokusebenza ngesethi yami yezinhlelo nemibhalo, ngaphandle kwalokho engingakwazi ukusebenza. Ngidinga indawo engiyijwayele, kanye nendawo yami yokuthuthuka ejwayelekile. Nansi indlela engakwenza ngayo lokhu.

Ixhuma kukhibhodi

Ukusebenza ngomugqa womyalo wokwenza izinhlelo ngekhibhodi esesikrinini yocingo noma ithebhulethi akulula neze. Ngincoma ukuxhuma ikhibhodi yangaphandle, kungaba nge-Bluetooth, noma ukusebenzisa i-adaptha yokuxhuma ikhamera ukuze uxhume ikhibhodi enezintambo (ngikhethe okwakamuva). Uma uxhuma ikhibhodi yokuhlukanisa i-Kinesis Advantage ku-iPhone 6, uthola idivayisi eyinqaba efana nayo i-cyberdeck yezinkampani kusukela kwakudala ukulingisa I-Shadowrun.

Ukufaka igobolondo ku-iOS

Ukuze usebenzise uhlelo olugcwele lwe-Linux ku-iOS, kunezinketho ezimbili:

Vikela igobolondo (SSH) exhunywe kukhompuyutha ye-Linux
Isebenzisa isistimu ebonakalayo isebenzisa i-Alpine Linux ene-iSH, engumthombo ovulekile kodwa okufanele ifakwe kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Apple's proprietary TestFlight

Njengenye indlela, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbili zokulingisa indawo yokugcina umthombo ovulekile ezinikeza amandla okusebenza ngamathuluzi omthombo ovulekile endaweni ekhawulelwe. Lena inketho ehlubuke kakhulu - empeleni, le yindlela osebenzisa ngayo amathuluzi e-Linux, hhayi i-Linux. Kunemikhawulo yesici enzima uma usebenza nalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa uthola ukusebenza komugqa womyalo oyingxenye.

Ngaphambi kokudlulela ezixazululweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngizobheka indlela elula.

Inketho 1: Igobolondo lebhokisi lesihlabathi

Enye yezindlela ezilula ukufaka uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS LibTerm. Kuyinto umthombo ovulekile igobolondo lomyalo elinebhokisi elinesisekelo semiyalo engaphezu kuka-80 ngamadola ayiziro. Iza ihlanganiswe nePython 2.7, Python 3.7, Lua, C, Clang nokunye okuningi.

Inokusebenza cishe okufanayo igobolondo, echazwe onjiniyela njengokuthi "ukuhlola okusetshenziswa kubonwa kungxenyekazi yokufaka isikrini." Imithombo ye-a-Shell ithunyelwe umthombo ovulekile, isekuthuthukisweni okusebenzayo, inikeza ukufinyelela kwesistimu yefayela, futhi iza ne-Lua, Python, Tex, Vim, JavaScript, C ne-C++, kanye ne-Clang ne-Clang++. Ikuvumela nokuba ufake amaphakheji wePython.

Inketho 2: SSH

Esinye isinyathelo esivela ekulandeni uhlelo lokusebenza ukusetha iklayenti le-SSH. Isikhathi eside manje, sikwazile ukusebenzisa noma yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza zeklayenti le-SSH le-iOS ukuxhuma kuseva esebenzisa i-Linux noma i-BSD. Inzuzo yokusebenzisa i-SSH ukuthi iseva ingasebenzisa noma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa nganoma iyiphi isofthiwe. Usebenza ukude futhi imiphumela yomsebenzi wakho imane idluliselwe kusifanisi setheminali kudivayisi yakho ye-iOS.

Igobolondo elicwayizayo uhlelo lokusebenza oludumile lwe-SSH olukhokhelwayo ku umthombo ovulekile. Uma uziba isikrini esincane sedivayisi, ukusebenzisa le softhiwe kuyefana nokuxhuma kuseva nganoma yimuphi omunye umugqa womyalo. I-Blink Terminal ibukeka iyinhle, inamatimu amaningi enziwe ngomumo kanye nekhono lokuzenzela eyakho, okuhlanganisa ikhono lokwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nokwengeza amafonti amasha.

Inketho 3: Yethula i-Linux

Ukusebenzisa i-SSH ukuxhuma kuseva ye-Linux kuyindlela enhle yokufinyelela umugqa womyalo, kodwa kudinga iseva yangaphandle noxhumo lwenethiwekhi. Lesi akusona isithiyo esikhulu kunazo zonke, kodwa asinakuzitshwa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ungase udinge ukusebenzisa i-Linux ngaphandle kweseva.

Uma lokhu kuyindaba yakho, uzodinga ukuthatha isinyathelo esisodwa phambili. I-TestFlight iyisevisi yokuphathelene yokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe nangaphambi kokuba zishicilelwe ku-Apple App Store. Ungafaka uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-TestFlight kusukela ku-App Store bese usebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlola. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziku-TestFlight zivumela inombolo ekhawulelwe yabahloli be-beta (imvamisa kufika kwabangu-10) ukuthi basebenze nabo isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Ukuze ulande uhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlola, udinga ukusuka kudivayisi yakho uye kusixhumanisi esivame ukutholakala kuwebhusayithi yonjiniyela wohlelo lokuhlola.

Isebenzisa i-Alpine Linux nge-iSH

ISH uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-TestFlight lomthombo ovulekile oluvula umshini obonakalayo onokusabalalisa osekwenziwe kakade I-Alpine Linux (ngomzamo omncane, ungaqhuba okunye ukusatshalaliswa).

Isici esibalulekile: uhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlola. Njengoba i-iSH okwamanje iwuhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlola, ungalindeli ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokuthembekile. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-TestFlight zinesikhathi esinqunyelwe. Ukwakhiwa kwami kwamanje kuzohlala izinsuku ezingama-60 kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-60 ngizokhishwa futhi kuzodingeka ngiphinde ngijoyine umjikelezo olandelayo wokuhlolwa kwe-iSH. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngizolahlekelwa yiwo wonke amafayela ami ngaphandle kokuthi ngiwakhiphe ngisebenzisa Amafayela ku-iOS noma ngiwakopishele kumsingathi we-Git noma nge-SSH. Ngamanye amazwi: Ungalindeli ukuthi lokhu kuzoqhubeka nokusebenza! Ungabeki lutho olubalulekile kuwe ohlelweni! Yenza isipele endaweni ehlukile!

Ifaka i-iSH

Qala ngokufaka I-TestFlight kusukela ku-App Store. Bese ufaka i-iSH, uthole isixhumanisi sokufaka kusuka kuwebhusayithi yesicelo. Kukhona enye indlela yokufaka esebenzisa i-AltStore, kodwa angizange ngiyizame. Noma, uma une-akhawunti kanjiniyela ekhokhelwayo, ungalanda ikhosombe le-iSH ku-GitHub futhi uzifakele yona.

Isebenzisa isixhumanisi, i-TestFlight izofaka uhlelo lwe-iSH kudivayisi yakho. Njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokusebenza, isithonjana sizovela esikrinini.

Ukuphathwa Kwephakheji

I-iSH isebenzisa i-emulator ye-x86 ene-Alpine Linux. I-Alpine iyi-distro encane, enosayizi ongaphansi kuka-5MB. Lesi bekuyisikhathi sami sokuqala ngisebenza ne-Alpine, ngakho-ke ngacabanga ukuthi i-minimalism izocasula, kodwa empeleni ngayithanda kakhulu.

I-Alpine isebenzisa umphathi wephakheji apk, okulula ukwedlula i-apt noma i-pacman.

Indlela yokufaka iphakheji:

apk add package

Indlela yokususa iphakheji:

apk del package

Ungayithola kanjani eminye imiyalo nolwazi:

apk --help

Isibuyekezo sesiphathi sephakheji:

apk update
apk upgrade

Ifaka umhleli wombhalo

Umhleli wombhalo ozenzakalelayo we-Alpine ngu-Vi, kodwa ngikhetha i-Vim, ngakho-ke ngayifaka:

apk add vim

Uma uthanda, ungafaka i-Nano noma i-Emacs.

Ukushintsha kwegobolondo

Angazi ngawe, kodwa bengidinga izinhlanzi zezinhlanzi. Abanye abantu bayathanda Bash noma I-Zsh. Nokho, i-Alpine isebenzisa umlotha! Umlotha uyimfoloko yegobolondo le-Dash, yona ngokwayo imfoloko yomlotha wokuqala, noma Igobolondo le-Almquist. Okuhamba phambili kuye yijubane. Nginqume ukuhweba ngesivinini ukuze kuqedelwe ngokuzenzakalela okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, imibala, izilawuli zokhiye we-Vim, nokugqamisa kwe-syntax engikuthandayo nekwaziyo kugobolondo lezinhlanzi.

Ukufakwa kwezinhlanzi:

apk add fish

Uma udinga i-Bash ngokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela kanye namakhasi omuntu, bese uwafaka:

apk add bash bash-doc bash-completion

I-Alpine's minimalistic ideology ngokuvamile isho ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo ezipakishwe kokunye ukusatshalaliswa zizohlukaniswa zibe amaphakheji amancane ambalwa. Kusho futhi ukuthi ungenza ngendlela oyifisayo futhi wehlise usayizi wesistimu yakho ngendlela ofuna ngayo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokufaka i-Bash, bheka lesi sifundo.

Ukushintsha igobolondo elizenzakalelayo

Ngemuva kokufaka inhlanzi, ungashintshela kuyo okwesikhashana ngokufaka fish nokungena egobolondweni. Kodwa ngifuna ukwenza inhlanzi igobolondo elizenzakalelayo nomyalo chsh, engayisebenzisa kwezinye izabelo, ayizange isebenze.

Okokuqala sithola ukuthi izinhlanzi zifakwa kuphi:

which fish

Nakhu enginakho:

/usr/bin/fish

Okulandelayo, shintsha igobolondo lokungena libe yizinhlanzi. Ungasebenzisa noma isiphi isihleli esilungele wena. Uma ungumuntu osaqalayo, faka i-Nano (ngomyalo apk add nano) ukuze ukwazi ukuhlela amafayela okumisa futhi uwagcine nge-CTRL+X, qinisekisa futhi uphume.

Kepha ngasebenzisa i-Vim:

vim /etc/passwd

Umugqa wami wokuqala ubunje:

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/ash

Ukuze wenze izinhlanzi zibe igobolondo elizenzakalelayo, shintsha lo mugqa ube okulandelayo:

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/usr/bin/fish

Bese ulondoloza ifayela bese uphuma.

Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ikhona indlela enhle yokushintsha indlela eya kugobolondo ukuze isetshenziswe ngokushesha. Kodwa angikwazi, ngakho-ke ngincoma ukuthi ubuyele kusiphequluli sohlelo lokusebenza, uphoqe ukuphuma kugobolondo, futhi ube sohlangothini oluphephile, vala bese uqala kabusha i-iPad yakho noma i-iPhone. Vula i-iSH futhi manje, ngaphezu komlayezo othi “Siyakwamukela ku-Alpine!” kanye nolwazi mayelana nokuqalisa kusuka ku-apk, uzobona umlayezo wokwamukela ukungena ngemvume kwezinhlanzi: Uyemukelwa ezinhlanzini, igobolondo elinobungani lokuxhumana. Hooray!

Ukusetha i-Python ne-pip

Nginqume ukwengeza Python (inguqulo 3.x), hhayi kuphela ukubhala ikhodi, kodwa futhi ngoba ngisebenzisa izinhlelo eziningana zePython. Masiyifake:

apk add python3

Yize iPython 2.x isiphelelwe yisikhathi, ungayifaka:

apk add python

Masifake umphathi wephakheji yePython ebizwa ngokuthi i-pip ne ama-setuptools:

python3 -m ensurepip --default-pip

Kuzothatha isikhathi ukufaka nokumisa umphathi wephakheji, ngakho vele ulinde.

Ungabe usulanda ithuluzi lokudlulisa amafayela ngenethiwekhi i-curl:

apk add curl

Ukufunda amamanyuwali

Inhlanzi isebenzisa ukuqedela ngokuzenzakalela okwakhelwe ngaphakathi ngokusekelwe emakhasini omuntu. Njengabanye abasebenzisi bomugqa womyalo, ngisebenzisa imanuwali man, kodwa ayifakiwe e-Alpine. Ngakho ngiyifake ngepheyija yetheminali Ngaphansi:

apk add man man-pages less less-doc

Ngaphezu komuntu ngisebenzisa ngokubabazekayo iphrojekthi yamakhasi we-tldr, ehlinzeka ngamakhasi enziwe lula naqhutshwa umphakathi.

Ngiyifake ngisebenzisa i-pip:

pip install tldr

Ithimba tldr ixhuma kuwebhu ukuze ithole amakhasi uma ihlangabezana nesicelo sekhasi elisha. Uma udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani umyalo, ungabhala into efana nale tldr curl futhi uthole incazelo ngesiNgisi esilula kanye nezibonelo ezinhle zokuthi usetshenziswa kanjani umyalo.

Yiqiniso, wonke lo msebenzi wokufaka ungenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo usebenzisa amachashazi noma umbhalo wokufaka, kodwa empeleni lokhu akuhambisani ngempela nombono we-Alpine - ukwenza ngokwezifiso ukufakwa okuncane ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zakho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kwathatha isikhathi eside kangaka, akunjalo?

ulwazi olwengeziwe

I-iSH Wiki inekhasi "okusebenzayo" ngemibiko yokuthi yimaphi amaphakheji asebenzayo njengamanje. Ngendlela, kubukeka sengathi npm ayisebenzi okwamanje.

Elinye ikhasi le-wiki lichaza ukuthi kanjani finyelela amafayela e-iSH kusukela kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS Files. Lena enye yezindlela ongahambisa futhi ukopishe ngayo amafayela.

Ungakwazi futhi ukufaka i-Git (yebo! apk add git ) bese uphushela umsebenzi wakho endaweni yokugcina eyihlane noma uwudlulisele kuseva nge-SSH. Futhi, kunjalo, ungalanda futhi usebenzise noma iyiphi inombolo yamaphrojekthi womthombo ovulekile ovulekile kusuka ku-GitHub.

Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-iSH lungatholakala kulezi zixhumanisi:

Emalungelo Wokukhangisa

Vdsina okunikezwayo amaseva abonakalayo ku-Linux noma iWindows. Sisebenzisa kuphela imishini enegama, iphaneli yokulawula yeseva engcono kakhulu yokwakheka kwayo kanye nesinye sezikhungo zedatha ezihamba phambili e-Russia nase-EU. Shesha uku-oda!

Source: www.habr.com

Kwethulwa umugqa womyalo we-Linux ku-iOS