Emasontweni ambalwa edlule sachitha : bakhe igumbi, abaligcwalisa ngamadivayisi ahlakaniphile base bethula ukusakazwa kwe-YouTube okuvela kulo. Abadlali bangalawula amadivayisi we-IoT kusuka kuwebhusayithi yomdlalo; Umgomo wawuwukuthola isikhali esifihlwe ekamelweni (isikhombi se-laser esinamandla), sigqekeze futhi sibangele isifunda esifushane ekamelweni.
Ukwengeza esenzweni, sibeke i-shredder ekamelweni, lapho silayishe khona ama-ruble angu-200: i-shredder idle ibhilidi eyodwa ngehora. Ngemuva kokuwina umdlalo, ungamisa i-shredder uthathe yonke imali esele.
Sesike sasho Futhi iphrojekthi. Sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma nge-hardware nokuthi yahlanganiswa kanjani.
Bekunezicelo eziningi zokubonisa isikhathi sokuhlanza igumbi - sibonisa ukuthi silihlukanisa kanjani
I-Hardware Architecture: Ukulawula Igumbi
Saqala ukuklama isixazululo se-hardware lapho isimo sesivele siqondwa cishe, i-backend isilungile, futhi sinekamelo elingenalutho elilungele ukufaka imishini.
Sikhumbula ihlaya lakudala elithi “I-S in IoT imele Ukuvikeleka” (“Uhlamvu S kusifinyezo se-IoT lumelela Ukuvikeleka”), sinqume ukuthi kulokhu abadlali abasesimeni somdlalo basebenzisane kuphela ne-front-end ne-back-end. wesayithi, kodwa ungalitholi ithuba lokufika ngqo ensimbi.
Lokhu kwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha kanye nombukwane walokho okwakwenzeka esikrinini: ngokufinyelela okuqondile kwehadiwe ngabadlali, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa izenzo eziphephile nezingaba yingozi, isibonelo, ukuskrola ngokushesha kwe-shredder noma ukulawula. i-pyrotechnics.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuklama, sakha izimiso ezimbalwa zokulawula amadivaysi emidlalo, okwaba yisisekelo somklamo:
Ungazisebenzisi izixazululo ezingenantambo
Yonke indawo yokudlala ikuhlaka olulodwa, wonke amakhona angafinyelelwa. Sasingekho isidingo sangempela sokuxhuma okungenantambo futhi kwakuzoba elinye iphuzu lokwehluleka.
Ungasebenzisi noma yimaphi amadivaysi akhethekile ahlakaniphile asekhaya
Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuvumelana nezimo. Kuyacaca ukuthi singakwazi ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo izinguqulo eziningi ezisebhokisini zamasistimu asekhaya ahlakaniphile ngokulawula okwenziwe ngomumo kanye nezilawuli zomsebenzi wethu, kodwa izindleko zabasebenzi zingaqhathaniswa nokudala isixazululo sakho esilula.
Ukwengeza, kwakudingeka ukuvela namadivayisi azobonisa ngokucacile ukuthi abadlali abashintshe isimo saso: bavula / bavala noma bafaka ukukhanya okukhethekile ezinhlamvini ze-FALCON.
Siqoqe zonke izakhi ku-hardware etholakala esidlangalaleni engathengwa ezitolo zezingxenye zomsakazo ezijwayelekile: phakathi kokuletha i-pizza ne-diedie cola, izithunywa ze-Chip ne-Dip kanye no-Leroy beza njalo kusayithi.
Ukukhetha ukuhlanganisa yonke into ngokwethu kwenziwe lula ukulungisa amaphutha, ukukala, nokho, kwakudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu phakathi nokufakwa.
Konke ukudluliselwa kanye ne-arudin akufanele kubonakale kuhlaka
Sinqume ukuletha zonke izici ezilawulekayo endaweni eyodwa futhi sizifihle ngemuva ukuze sikwazi ukuqapha ukusebenza kwazo futhi, uma kunesidingo, sikhase ngokucophelela singabonwa yikhamera bese sishintsha iyunithi ehlulekile.
Ekugcineni, konke kwakufihlwe ngaphansi kwetafula, futhi ikhamera yafakwa ukuze kungabonakali lutho ngaphansi kwetafula. Lena kwakuyindawo yethu “eyimpumputhe” ukuze unjiniyela anyonyobe
Ngenxa yalokho, empeleni sathola idivayisi eyodwa ehlakaniphile: ithole isimo sezingxenye zayo ngayinye kusukela ku-backend futhi yashintsha ngomyalo ofanele.
Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, le divayisi ilawule izici ezingu-6:
- Amalambu amatafula amaningana, anesimo sokuvula/ukucisha futhi alawulwa abadlali
- Izinhlamvu odongeni, zingashintsha umbala wazo ngokuyalwa ngabadlali
- Abalandeli abasonta futhi bavule i-flipchart uma iseva ilayishiwe
- Ilaser ilawulwa nge-PWM
- Shredder abadle imali ngesikhathi esimisiwe
- Umshini wentuthu owahamba ngaphambi kokudutshulwa kwe-laser ngayinye
Ukuhlola umshini wentuthu ngelaser
Kamuva, kwanezelwa ukukhanya kwasesiteji, okwakuma ngemva kohlaka futhi kwakulawulwa ncamashi njengezibani ezivela endaweni 1. Ukukhanya kwesiteji kwasebenza ezimweni ezimbili: kwakukhanyisa i-laser lapho kusetshenziswa amandla kuyo, futhi kwakhanyisa isisindo ngaphambi kokukhanya. i-laser yethulwa kumodi yokulwa.
Yayiyini le divayisi ehlakaniphile?
Kuyo yonke indlela, u-Yura, umfana wethu we-hardware, uzame ukungenzi izinto zibe nzima futhi aqhamuke nesixazululo esilula, esincane esingenzeka.
Bekucatshangwa ukuthi i-VPS izovele isebenzise iskripthi esithola i-json ngesimo samadivayisi bese siyithumela ku-Arduino exhunywe nge-USB.
Ixhumeke ezimbobeni:
- Ama-relay angu-16 avamile (yibo ababebanga umsindo wokuchofoza ozwakale kuvidiyo. Sawakhetha kakhulu ngenxa yalo msindo)
- 4 isimo esiqinile sokudlulisa ukulawula iziteshi ze-PWM, njengabalandeli,
- hlukanisa ukuphuma kwe-PWM kwe-laser
- okukhiphayo okukhiqiza isignali kumugqa we-LED
Nasi isibonelo somyalo we-json ofike ku-relay usuka kuseva
{"power":false,"speed":0,"period":null,"deviceIdentifier":"FAN"}Futhi lesi yisibonelo somsebenzi umyalo owafika ngawo ku-Arudino
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
request = json.loads(body.decode("utf-8"))
print(request, end="n")
send_to_serial(body)Ukulandelela isikhathi lapho i-laser ekugcineni ivutha ngentambo futhi isisindo sindizela ku-aquarium, senze inkinobho encane eyaqaliswa lapho isisindo siwa futhi yanikeza isignali ohlelweni.
Inkinobho yokuqapha ukunyakaza kwesisindo
Ngalesi sibonakaliso, amabhomu entuthu enziwe ngamabhola e-ping-pong bekufanele akhanyise. Sibeke ama-flare entuthu angu-4 ngqo kukesi leseva futhi sawaxhuma ngochungechunge lwe-nichrome, obekufanele lushise futhi lusebenze njengefuse.
Izindlu ezinamabhomu entuthu kanye nezimbali zaseShayina
I-Arduino
Ngokohlelo lokuqala, izenzo ezimbili zenzeke ku-Arduino.
Okokuqala, lapho isicelo esisha sitholwa, isicelo sadluliswa kusetshenziswa umtapo wezincwadi we-ArduinoJson. Okulandelayo, idivayisi ngayinye ephethwe yaqhathaniswa nezinto zayo ezimbili:
- isimo samandla "sivuliwe" noma "cima" (isimo esijwayelekile)
- isikhathi lapho idivayisi ivuliwe - isikhathi kuma-microseconds kusukela ekuqaleni kwebhodi, lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuyivala, okungukuthi, ukuletha isimo esimweni esivamile.
Isikhathi sokugcina isethwe lapho ithola ipharamitha ehambisanayo ku-JSON, kodwa ayikwazanga ukudluliselwa, inani labe selisethelwa ku-0 futhi akukho ukusetha kabusha okwenzeka.
Isenzo sesibili i-Arduino eyasenza wonke umjikelezo kwakuwukubuyekeza izifundazwe, okungukuthi, ukuhlola ukuthi sasikhona yini isidingo sokuvula okuthile noma ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi sokuvala noma iyiphi idivayisi.
Isikhombi se-Laser - iMegatron 3000 efanayo
Lena i-LSMVR450-3000MF 3000mW 450nm manual focus laser cutting and marking module.
Izinhlamvu ze-Falcon
Zenziwe ngendlela elula kakhulu - samane sakopisha izinhlamvu ezisuka kulogo, sizisika ekhadini, sabe sesizimboza ngetheyiphu ye-LED. Kulokhu, kwakudingeka ngithengise izingcezu ze-tape ndawonye, oxhumana nabo abangu-4 kumthungo ngamunye, kodwa umphumela wawufanele. U-backender wethu uPasha ubonise izimangaliso zekhono, ekwenza ngaphansi kwamahora ambalwa.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwedivayisi ye-iot nokuqedwa
Senza izivivinyo zokuqala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo imisebenzi emisha yafika kithi. Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi nenqubo, umkhiqizi wangempela wefilimu kanye nomthwebuli wezithombe waseVGIK, u-Ilya Serov, wajoyina iqembu - wakha uhlaka, wanezela ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe kwe-cinema futhi washintsha kancane iskripthi somdlalo ukwenza isakhiwo sibe nemizwa, futhi isithombe simangalisa kakhulu futhi siseshashalazini.
Lokhu kwandise kakhulu ikhwalithi, kodwa kwavela izakhi ezidinga ukuxhunywa ku-relay kanye ne-algorithm yokusebenza enqunyiwe.
Enye inkinga kwakuyi-laser: senze izivivinyo ezimbalwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo namalaser anamandla ahlukene. Ukuze sihlole, simane silengise isisindo sibheke phezulu entanjeni.
Lapho usebenza ngethokheni yokuhlola, amandla alawulwa nge-PWM ayengaphansi kuka-10% futhi awazange alimaze intambo ngisho nokuchayeka isikhathi eside.
Ngemodi yokulwa, i-laser yayeka ukugxila cishe endaweni enobubanzi obungu-10 mm futhi yashiswa ngokuzethemba ngentambo enomthwalo osuka ebangeni elingangemitha.
Ngakho-ke i-laser yasebenza ngokuphelele ekuhlolweni
Lapho siqala ukuhlola yonke into ekamelweni ngesisindo esimisiwe, kwavela ukuthi ukuvikela i-laser ngokuphephile kwakungelula kangako. Khona-ke, lapho intambo ivutha, iyancibilika, iyelule futhi isuke lapho yayigxile khona.
Kodwa akusasebenzanga kanjalo: intambo yagudluka
U-Ilya wahambisa i-laser ekupheleni kwekamelo eliphambene nentambo ukuze ugongolo lwe-laser ludlulele ngaphesheya kwesiteji futhi lubukeke luhle kuhlaka, oluphindwe kabili ibanga.
Ngemva kokwenza ezinye izivivinyo ngokushisa intambo kakade empini, sanquma ukungahlukumezi isiphetho futhi sivikele ukusika kwentambo sisebenzisa ucingo lwe-nichrome. Icekele phansi intambo imizuzwana eyi-120 ngemuva kokuvula i-laser kumodi yokulwa. Sinqume ukwenza ikhodi eqinile lokhu, kanye nokunqanyulwa kocingo kanye nokushiswa kwamabhomu entuthu lapho othintana naye ngokuhlukana kuqaliswa, ngqo ku-hardware ye-microcontroller.
Intambo egcine ishile ngentambo ngaphandle kwesikrini
Ngakho-ke, kwavela umsebenzi wesithathu owaxazululwa yi-Arduino - ukwenza ukulandelana okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwale miyalo.
Siphinde sanquma ukunikeza i-Arduino isidingo sokubala imali ku-TV futhi iqhube i-shredder. Ekuqaleni, bekucatshangwa ukuthi i-backend izokwenza lokhu futhi ibhalansi yamanje izobonakala kuwebhusayithi, futhi ku-TV sizobonisa amazwana avela ku-YouTube njengengxenye eyengeziwe yokuxhumana, sitshela ababukeli ukuthi imicimbi yegumbi yenzeka ngempela. isikhathi.
Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, u-Ilya wabheka indawo yesehlakalo futhi wasikisela ukukhombisa ibhalansi yegeyimu esikrinini esikhulu kunazo zonke: ingakanani imali esele, ingakanani edliwe, nokubala ukuya ekuqaleni okulandelayo kwe-shredder.
Sibophe i-Arduino esikhathini samanje: njalo ngehora eligcwele i-shredder yayiqalwa. Isithombe siboniswe ku-TV kusetshenziswa i-rasberry, ngaleso sikhathi eyayivele ithola izicelo ezivela kuseva futhi izithumela ku-arduino ukuze zisetshenziswe. Izithombe ezinezinkomba zezimali zidwetshwe ngokubiza i-console utility fim into efana nale
image = subprocess.Popen(["fim", "-q", "-r", "1920×1080", fim_str]), где fim_str
Futhi yakhiwa ngokusekelwe enanini elidingekayo noma isikhathi.
Senze izithombe kusenesikhathi: simane sithatha ividiyo esenziwe ngomumo ngesibali sikhathi futhi sathumela ngaphandle izithombe ezingama-200.
Lezi yimishini eyahlelwa esiphambanweni. Ngesikhathi kuqala ukubala kokugcina, sonke saya endaweni, sahlomisa izicisha-mlilo futhi sahlala phansi ukuze silinde umlilo (okwakugcwele ukungezwani)
Ukwenziwa kanjani ukusakaza okusebenza isonto lonke: ukukhetha ikhamera
Kulesi sicelo, besidinga ukusakazwa okuqhubekayo ku-YouTube izinsuku ezingu-7 - yilokho kanye esikubeke njengobude besikhathi obuphelele begeyimu. Kunezinto ezimbili ebezingasivimba:
- Ukushisa ngokweqile kwekhamera ngenxa yokusebenza okuqhubekayo
- Ukunqamuka kwe-inthanethi
Ikhamera bekufanele inikeze okungenani isithombe se-Full HD ukuze yenze ukudlala nokubuka igumbi kube ntofontofo.
Ekuqaleni, sibheke kuma-webcams akhiqizelwa abasakazwayo. Sasinciphisa isabelomali sethu, ngakho sasingafuni ukuthenga ikhamera, kodwa, njengoba kwenzeka, abawaqashi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sathola ngokuyisimangaliso ikhamera ye-Xbox Kinect elele endlini yami, yayifaka ekamelweni lami futhi saqala ukusakazwa kokuhlola isonto lonke.
Ikhamera isebenze kahle futhi ayizange idlule, kodwa u-Ilya waqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi ayinakho izilungiselelo, ikakhulukazi kwakungenakwenzeka ukusetha ukuchayeka.
U-Ilya wayefuna ukusondeza uhlobo lokusakaza eduze kwamazinga okukhiqizwa kwefilimu nevidiyo: ukudlulisa indawo yokukhanya eshintshashintshayo enemithombo yokukhanya egqamile, ingemuva elimnyama nezinto ezikuhlaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bengifuna ukulondoloza ukucaciswa kwesithombe kokubili kumaphuzu avelele nasethunzini, ngomsindo omncane wedijithali.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba i-Kinect ibonakale ithembekile ekuhlolweni futhi ayizange idinge ikhadi lokuthwebula ividiyo (elinye iphuzu lokwehluleka), sanquma ukuyiyeka. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu zokuhlola amakhamera ahlukene, u-Ilya wakhetha i-Sony FDR-AX53 - ikhamera encane, ethembekile engabizi ukuyiqasha, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo inokwethenjelwa okwanele nezici ezibonakalayo.
Saqasha ikhamera, sayivula isonto lonke ngokuhlanganyela nekhadi lokuthwebula ividiyo, futhi sabona ukuthi ngayo singathembela ekusakazeni okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke imfuno.
Ukwenza imuvi: ukwenza isiteji nokukhanyisa
Ukusebenza ekukhanyiseni kudinga umusa othile; besidinga ukwakha amaphuzu okukhanyisa ngezindlela ezincane:
1. Ukukhanya kwezinto lapho abadlali bezithola (i-laser, isisindo), kanye nokukhanya okungapheli ku-shredder. Lapha sisebenzise i-dedolight 150 - amadivaysi okukhanyisa amafilimu anokwethenjelwa futhi ahlangene anezibani ze-halogen eziphansi-voltage, okuvumela ukuthi ugxilise ugongolo entweni ethile ngaphandle kokuthinta ingemuva nezinye izinto.
2. Ukukhanya okusebenzayo okudlalayo - isibani setafula, isibani saphansi, inkanyezi, i-garland. Konke ukukhanya okusebenzayo kwasakazwa ngokuvumelana kuhlaka ukuze kukhanye indawo yesithombe, kwakukhona izibani ze-LED ezinokushisa kombala we-3200K ngaphakathi, isibani esisesibani saphansi sasimbozwe ngesihlungi se-Rosco foil esibomvu ukudala ukugqama kombala okungajwayelekile.
Ngingunjiniyela kumama noma ukwethulwa kusasa
Sigcine kanjani i-inthanethi nogesi
Baye bafinyelela endabeni yokubekezelela amaphutha cishe njengasesikhungweni sedatha: banquma ukungaphambuki ezimisweni eziyisisekelo futhi bagodliwe ngokohlelo oluvamile lwe-N+1.
Uma ukusakaza ku-YouTube kuma, lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuphinda uxhumeke usebenzisa isixhumanisi esifanayo futhi uqhubeke nokusakaza. Kwakuyisikhathi esibucayi, futhi igumbi lalisehhovisi elivamile.
Kulokhu sisebenzise irutha esekwe ku-OpenWRT kanye nephakheji ye-mwan3. Ihlole ngokuzenzakalelayo ukutholakala kwesiteshi njalo ngemizuzwana emi-5 futhi, uma kwenzeka ikhefu, yashintshela kumodemu eyisipele nge-Yota. Ngenxa yalokho, ukushintshela esiteshini esiyisipele kwenzeke esikhathini esingaphansi komzuzu.
Bekubalulekile futhi ngokulinganayo ukuqeda ukucisha kukagesi, ngoba ngisho nokukhuphuka kwamandla esikhashana kungabangela ukuqalisa kabusha kwawo wonke amakhompyutha.
Ngakho-ke, sithathe i-ippon innova g2 3000 yamandla kagesi angaphazamiseki, ezosekela wonke amadivayisi amageyimu: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwesistimu yethu bekungama-Watts angama-300. Kungathatha imizuzu engama-75, ngokwanele ngokwezinjongo zethu.
Sinqume ukudela izibani ezengeziwe uma kwenzeka ugesi osegumbini ucima - ubungaxhunywanga kugesi ongaphazamiseki.
Ukubonga
- Eqenjini lonke , owasungula futhi wasebenzisa umdlalo.
- Ngokwehlukana, kubaphathi be-RUVDS, ukuqapha umsebenzi wamaseva, umthwalo wamukelekile futhi konke kwasebenza njengokujwayelekile.
- Kumphathi omkhulu ngeqiniso lokuthi ekuphenduleni ucingo, "Nginombono: sizothatha iseva, sibeke i-aquarium kuyo, bese ilenga isisindo ngaphezu kwayo, i-boom, bang, yonke into igcwele amanzi, isifunda esifushane, umlilo. !" njalo ngokuzethemba uthi “kwenzeni!”
- Спасибо futhi ngokwehlukana kuMikhail Karpov ngokungagcini nje ngokuhlangana nohhafu nokusivumela ukuthi sephule Imibandela Yokusebenzisa, kodwa ngisho nokusinika i-akhawunti yebhizinisi unyaka lapho sikhuluma ngephrojekthi.
- Ilya Serov ngokujoyina nokuba ngumdidiyeli ohlangene wephrojekthi, elungele ukukhasa isigamu sobusuku, ukunamathisela umugqa we-LED, ukufuna izixazululo zobuchwepheshe nokwenza konke ukuze sithole imuvi yangempela.
- ukuze uhlale ulungele ukusindisa isimo lapho abanye bephonsa izandla zabo, i-borscht, ukusekelwa kokuziphatha kanye nezingxoxo kuze kube sekuseni.
- ngokusixhumanisa ne-pentester ehamba phambili ezweni, eyaseluleka futhi yasisiza ngemisebenzi.
- ukukhiqizwa kwamavidiyo amahle awo wonke amavidiyo.
- ukuze ube nesandla esiqinile nokuzimisela ukusebenza kuze kube sekugcineni.
- Kahle cishe njalo efudumele pizza.
Futhi ukubonga okukhulu kuya kubadlali ngayo yonke imizwa esiye saba nayo ngenkathi uhlasela umkhankaso izinsuku ezimbili ungalali futhi ungawuvali umsebenzi.
Ezinye iziqephu zendatshana ezimayelana nesicelo sokucekela phansi iseva
Source: www.habr.com