Abantu abanengqondo yezobuchwepheshe balwela ukuthola uhlelo kukho konke. Lapho kufundwa isiNgisi, esidingeka kakhulu ku-IT, abahleli bohlelo abaningi babhekana neqiniso lokuthi abakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi lolu limi nohlelo lwalo lusebenza kanjani.
"Ubani onecala?"
Yini inkinga? Kubukeka sengathi umhleli, ovamise ukukhuluma izilimi ezimbalwa zokuhlela ezisemthethweni, noma umlawuli wesistimu, olawula ngokuzikhandla izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, angeke abe nobunzima bokufunda kahle ulimi olulula njengesiNgisi.
Ngeshwa, kumkhuba owamukelekile wokufunda isiNgisi, akuyona yonke into elula kangaka. Bafundisa ulimi futhi babhale amamanyuwali kubuntu ngomqondo ohlukile kunalowo wochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe. Ngokujwayelekile, abadali bezinhlelo nezinsiza zokufunda isiNgisi emakethe namuhla bangahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili:
- Izisebenzi zesintu ezikhuluma isiRashiya ;
- Izikhulumi zomdabu, i-humanist, izisebenzi .
Zombili izindlela zokufundisa isiNgisi zinezinzuzo kanye nokubi. Bahlanganiswe isici esivamile: izindlela zakhiwe kusuka ezakhini kuya kokujwayelekile, i.e. ohlelweni lapho, kaningi kunalokho, lungakaze lufezwe ngokusebenza.
Lapho eqala ukufunda ngesisekelo salesi simiso, umuntu akanalo umqondo ocacile wokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesistimu yolimi azolufunda. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufunda, umfundi akanawo umqondo ocacile wokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu ayiqeqeshayo njengamanje, ukuthi into efundwayo ihlanganiswe kanjani nohlelo lulonke, nokuthi izodingeka kuphi ngempela. Ngokuvamile, asikho isakhiwo esidingekayo ukuze uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe (hhayi kuphela) ukuze aqeqeshe ikhono ngendlela enenjongo.
Ababhali abakhuluma isiRashiya bamanuwali asekelwe kumgomo wokuhumusha uhlelo lolimi basebenza ngokungokoqobo ekusetshenzisweni kolimi oluchazayo, noma oluchazayo, oludingidwa izazi-theorists zolimi, ezinobudlelwane obungaqondile kuphela nomkhuba wokukhuluma. Naphezu kokucaciswa okujulile kwezakhi zohlelo lolimi ezihlukanisa le ndlela, umphumela otholiwe, njengomthetho, wehlela ezintweni ezithuthuke kahle zesistimu, ezivame ukuhlala nomfundi ulwazi oluyizicucu kuphela, olungaqoqwe ohlelweni olusebenzayo lokuphila. ulimi.
Indlela yokuxhumana yehlela ekubambeni ngekhanda amaphethini enkulumo, nakho okunganikezi ubungoti bolimi obuzwakalayo ezingeni lomqambi wenkulumo. Njengoba abadali bendlela yokuxhumana kuyizikhulumi zomdabu ngokwabo, bangakwazi ukunikeza umbono wabo wolimi ngaphakathi, bengakwazi ukuwethula, bewuqonda ngaphandle njengohlelo oluphambene nohlelo lolimi. ulimi lwendabuko lomfundi okhuluma isiRashiya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulumi zomdabu azisoli nakancane ukuthi abafundi bazo abakhuluma isiRashiya basesimweni esihluke ngokuphelele solimi futhi basebenza ngezigaba ezihluke ngokuphelele zohlelo lolimi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuxakayo, izikhulumi ezingakhulumi isiRashiya azikwazi ukudlulisela kubantu abakhuluma isiRashiya wonke ama-nuances wesiNgisi sabo somdabu.
Inkinga yezikhova zomhlaba wonke
Uhlelo lolimi lwesiRashiya nohlelo lolimi lwesiNgisi luyaphambana ngisho nasezingeni lokuqonda. Isibonelo, isigaba sesikhathi ngesiNgisi sicatshangwa ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele kunesiRashiya. Lezi yizinhlelo zolimi ezimbili ezakhelwe phezu kwezimiso eziphikisanayo: IsiNgisi si ulimi, kuyilapho isiRashiya - .
Lapho eqala ukufunda ulimi ngaphandle kokucabangela le nuance ebaluleke kakhulu, umfundi uwela ogibeni. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, silwela ngokwemvelo ukucinga uhlelo esilujwayele, ukwazi kwethu lukholelwa ukuthi sifunda ulimi olufanayo nesiRashiya, kodwa isiNgisi kuphela. Futhi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umfundi usifunda kangakanani isiNgisi, ngokuphikelela, engazi, uyaqhubeka βedonsa isikhova saseNgilandi siye embulungeni yaseRussia.β Le nqubo ingathatha iminyaka noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka.
"Yini okufanele uyenze?", Noma Ukuthunyelwa ebuchosheni
Ungakwazi ukugqashula umkhuba wokugcina kalula nje ngaphakathi kohlaka "", ehambisana nezici zochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe abakhuluma isiRashiya. Umbhali uxazulula ubunzima obuchazwe ngenhla ngokwethula izici ezimbili ezingajwayelekile ekufundiseni.
Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuqala ukufunda isiNgisi, umfundi uqonda ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kolimi lwesiRashiya nesiNgisi, eqala ngolimi lwakhe lwendabuko ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili zokucabanga.
Ngale ndlela, umfundi uthola ukuvikeleka okuthembekile ekuweleni "esiphazamisini" sokuqonda "ukudonsa isiNgisi esiRashiya," okubambezela inqubo yokufunda isikhathi eside, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla.
Okwesibili, uhlaka lwe-cognitive logic system yolimi lwesiNgisi lulayishwa ekwazini ngolimi lwendabuko ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukufunda isiNgisi. Okusho ukuthi, ukufunda kwakhiwe kusukela ekwazini i-algorithm yohlelo olujwayelekile ukuya ekusebenzeni kwezakhi zayo ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, egcwalisa lolu hlaka ngokuqukethwe kwesiNgisi, umfundi usebenzisa izakhiwo zohlelo asezazi kakade kuye.
"I-Russian Revolution", noma Izimangaliso ze-Psycholinguistics
Zombili lezi zigaba zidinga kuphela amahora okufunda ayi-10 nothisha noma isikhathi esithile sokufunda okuzimele ngumfundi esebenzisa izinto ezithunyelwe esizindeni somphakathi. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okunjalo, ngaphezu kokuba inqubo ethokozisayo yomfundi, emele uhlobo lomdlalo wengqondo, konga isikhathi esiningi kanye nezinsiza zezimali, kudala indawo enethezekile yokuphatha ikhono ngokuqaphela, futhi kukhulisa kakhulu izinga lomfundi. ugqhozu lwakho.
Njengoba umkhuba wokusebenzisa le ndlela ubonisile, ongoti be-IT balwazi kahle uhlelo lolimi lwesiNgisi kangcono futhi ngokushesha kunabanye abafundi - indlela ye-algorithmic kanye ne-deterministic kuhlelo lolimi, ubulula nengqondo yesistimu kuhlobana ngokuphelele namakhono ochwepheshe ochwepheshe.
Umbhali ubize le nqubo ye-systematic academic life hack ngokuthi βIndlela 12β ngemuva kwenani lamafomu enkathi eyisisekelo (noma, ngolimi oluvamile, βamashumiβ) akha uhlaka lohlelo lolimi lolimi lwesiNgisi.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi le nqubo esetshenzisiwe iwukuqaliswa okungokoqobo kwezimiso zethiyori ze-psycholinguistics, ezakhiwe ososayensi abavelele njengo-N. Chomsky, L. Shcherba, P. Galperin.
Source: www.habr.com