Ngonyaka odlule, i-State Duma yacubungula futhi yamukela izikweletu eziningi ezihlobene ne-IT. Phakathi kwazo kukhona umthetho we-RuNet ebusayo, umthetho wokufakwa ngaphambilini kwesoftware yaseRussia, ozoqala ukusebenza kuleli hlobo, neminye. Imizamo emisha yomthetho isendleleni. Phakathi kwazo kukhona kokubili izikweletu ezintsha, esezivele zihlaba umxhwele, nezindala, esezikhohliwe kakade. Ukugxila kwabashayamthetho wukwakhiwa kwamabhange edatha ngolwazi mayelana namaRussia, ukuhlonza ababhalisile kanye nezizathu ezintsha zokuvimbela amasayithi.
Amabhange edatha aseRussia
Amasekela ahlela ukucabangela izikweletu ezimbalwa kulo nyaka kumabhange edatha ngolwazi olumayelana namaRussia.
Kunezikweletu ezimbili ezilawula ukuqoqwa kwe-biometrics yizinhlangano zezezimali (amabhange), ukuqoqwa okungazange kugcwaliseke ngamabhange ngonyaka odlule. Okokuqala uchibiyela Umthetho Wombuso “Emisebenzini yezimali ezincane kanye nezinhlangano zezezimali ezincane” futhi uvimbela izinhlangano zezimali ezincane ekukhipheni imali ebolekiwe ngaphandle kokuhlonza amakhasimende zisebenzisa isistimu yokuhlonza nokuqinisekisa ehlanganisiwe kanye nesistimu ye-biometric ehlanganisiwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuliwe nokusetshenziswa kwedatha yomuntu siqu yabanye abantu lapho kutholwa ama-microloans.
Okunye isivele yamukelwe ekufundweni kokuqala. Ichibiyela Umthetho Wombuso “Okulwa Nokwenziwa Kusemthethweni (Ukukhwabanisa) Kwemali Etholakala Ebugebengu Nokuxhaswa Ngezimali Kobuphekula” futhi ithuthukisa ukulawulwa kwemisebenzi yezikhungo zezikweletu ekuqoqeni idatha yomuntu siqu ye-biometric kanye nokwenza ukuhlonza okukude kwebhayomethrikhi.
Futhi, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze bahlela ukucabangela ekufundeni kwesibili enye yezikweletu eziphezulu kakhulu zonyaka odlule - . Umsunguli walo mthethosivivinywa nguhulumeni. Phakathi kwezinjongo ezishiwo zokusebenzisa irejista ehlanganisiwe yedatha yabantu baseRussia ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zikahulumeni, ukuhlolwa kwezintela, ukuvikelwa komyalelo womthethosisekelo, ukuziphatha kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kazwelonke kweRussian Federation. Umsebenzisi walolu hlelo lolwazi kuzoba yisevisi yentela.
Nali ibhili . I-FSB kanye neKomidi le-State Duma le-State Building and Legislation bakhulume ngokumelene nalo mthethosivivinywa ngendlela okuwo ngayo, ngoba awukhulumi ngendaba yokuphepha kwedatha yabantu baseRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ekwindla ka-2019, uNdunankulu wangaphambili u-Dmitry Medvedev wayala ukwamukelwa kwalo mthetho ngaphambi kukaJulayi 1, 2020. Kuhlelo lokusebenza olulinganiselwe lwe-State Duma, ukucatshangelwa kwalo kuhlelelwe uMeyi walo nyaka, ngakho-ke thina. lindela izichibiyelo kanye nokwamukelwa komthethosivivinywa maduze nje.
Ngokusobala, eminyakeni ezayo, lonke ulwazi olutholakalayo mayelana namaRussia luzoqoqwa emabhange edatha ahlukahlukene kuma-ejensi kahulumeni kanye namabhange (idatha ye-biometric). Ngo-2018, sekuvele isizindalwazi esihlanganisiwe sehhovisi lokubhalisa umphakathi, futhi undunankulu wethu omusha ukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwedatha yayo yonke imininingwane ibe yidijithali.
Umazisi wobhalisile
Izikweletu eziningi ezengeziwe zinikezelwe ekuhlonzeni ababhalisile. Isizathu sabanye babo ukuthi lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuliwe nemibiko engamanga yezimayini. Ngemuva kwegagasi langoDisemba lobuphekula bezingcingo, amathuba okuthi lezi zikweletu zidlule ayanda.
Kuhlelelwe ukucatshangelwa ngesibopho sokuphatha sabasebenzisi bokushintsha inombolo yababhalisile. Umsunguli walo mthethosivivinywa nguLyudmila Bokova. Lo mthethosivivinywa wethulwa ku-State Duma emuva ngo-2017. Eziphethweni, imibono eminingi yenziwe kuyo, okuyinto, noma kunjalo, ayishintshi ingqikithi yomthethosivivinywa, ngakho-ke inethuba lokwamukelwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba uBokova abe yiphini likangqongqoshe eMnyangweni Wezocingo Nezokuxhumana. Kukhona namuhla nje yethula "isiginesha yedijithali" ukuze uqinisekise abafonayo.
Okunye I-Lateral - esikweletini sokuphatha sokuthengiswa kwamakhadi e-SIM ngaphandle kokuphothula izivumelwano zokubhalisa. Ngokudayiswa kwe-SIM ngesandla "ngomuntu ongenalo igunya ku-opharetha we-telecom," kuhlongozwa ukuthi kuhlawuliswe inani lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kuya kwezingu-2. Abaqalisi balo mthethosivivinywa bahlongoza ukuxosha izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe eRussian Federation ngamacala anjalo, kodwa uhulumeni esiphethweni sakhe wakubheka lokhu kungenasidingo, kuyilapho esekela lo mthethosivivinywa. Uhulumeni uphinde waveza ukuthi amaphoyisa awadingi umsebenzi owengeziwe, futhi amaphoyisa azobhala imibiko ngokudayiswa ngokungemthetho kwama-SIM card ezindaweni zomphakathi kuphela.
Okunye , ehlotshaniswa ne-SIM (yebo, ababhali bayo bahlanganisa ne-Bokova) umthethosivivinywa wekhono lokukhomba indawo yobhalisile ngaphandle komyalelo wenkantolo. Abasunguli balo mthethosivivinywa bagcizelela ukuthi lokhu kuyadingeka kuphela ukuze kuthungathelwe abantu abalahlekile. Ibhonasi emcabangweni wokuhlonza obhalisile ngaphandle kwesinqumo senkantolo isiphakamiso sokuphoqa opharetha be-telecom ukuthi bagcine yonke imininingwane emayelana nabasebenzisi bezinsizakalo zabo iminyaka emi-3, ukwenza kube lula ukwenza umsebenzi wokusesha.
Amalokhi
Njalo ngonyaka eRussia kuvela izizathu ezintsha zokuvimba amasayithi. Izikweletu ezimbalwa sezisendleleni.
Abenzi bomthetho bayahlongoza ngokukhwabanisa emakethe yezezimali ngesicelo seBhange Elikhulu. I-Central Bank izokwazi ukuqalisa ukuvinjwa ngaphandle kokwahlulela ngemuva kokuba indawo ifakwe kwirejista ekhethekile. Kuhlelelwe ukuvimba amasayithi ababolekisi abangekho emthethweni, amaphiramidi ezezimali kanye nezingosi zobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi. Uma i-Central Bank ithola amasayithi aqukethe ulwazi mayelana nezindlela zokugebenga izinhlelo zebhange, ngakho-ke, ngokusho komthethosivivinywa, kuzofanele liye enkantolo ukuze livimbe isayithi.
Futhi nikela ngezinto eziphathelene nonya ezilwaneni. Umthethosivivinywa uhlinzekela ukuvinjwa kwangaphambi kwecala. Ngokusho kwabaqalisi, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala kwengqondo yenani elingenamkhawulo labantu. Izindleko ezengeziwe zezimali zalo mthethosivivinywa zingama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-9.
Esinye isinyathelo - mayelana nokuvimbela ulwazi ezingosini zokuxhumana ezisekelwe kuzitatimende zabasebenzisi (okuyiqiniso, amanethiwekhi omphakathi azenzela wona). Lapha bafuna ukuphoqa opharetha bezinkundla zokuxhumana, abanabasebenzisi baseRussia abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ze-100 ngosuku, ukuvimba, ngokusekelwe ekutatimendeni komsebenzisi, ulwazi olukhuthaza inzondo, njll. Kuhlongozwa ukukhomba abasebenzisi ngenombolo yocingo. Inguqulo yasekuqaleni yomthethosivivinywa ikhulume ngabasebenzisi baseRussia abayizigidi ezingu-2 abadingekayo ukuze lo mthetho uthinte umsebenzi wenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu, kodwa kubaphathi bethu bezomthetho wonke umsebenzisi waseRussia ubalulekile, ngakho inani liye lancishiswa.
Futhi kulo nyaka kufanele ucabangele mayelana nokuvimbela i-imeyili kanye nabasebenzisi bezithunywa ezisheshayo, kodwa iKomidi le-State Duma lezoKwakha kanye Nomthetho WezoMbuso selivele lizwakalise ukungahambisani nalo mbono. Umuntu angathemba ukuthi lo mthethosivivinywa ngeke uphasiswe.
Izimpahla zezezimali zedijithali
Umthethosivivinywa kungenzeka wamukelwe esikhathini sasentwasahlobo . Lokhu kusanda kushiwo nguSihlalo weKomidi le-State Duma leMakethe Yezezimali. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ukucutshungulwa kwalo mthethosivivinywa kuhlehliswe izikhathi eziningana. Umbhalo webhili awuqukethe umqondo we-"cryptocurrency," futhi inguqulo yawo yamanje ivimbela ukukhishwa kwamathokheni angasetshenziselwa izinkokhelo.
UNdunankulu uMikhail Mishustin, ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakhe kulokhu okuthunyelwe, wathi ukuthengiselana nge-cryptocurrency kufanele kukhokhiswe intela. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo sizobona umthethosivivinywa wentela wokuthengiselana ngempahla yedijithali.
I-copyright
Kunikelwe ekuvikelweni kwelungelo lobunikazi kanye namalungelo ahlobene nezinto ezisatshalaliswa “kuzinhlelo zesoftware”. Umnikazi we-copyright uzokwazi ukuthumela izaziso zokwephulwa kwamalungelo akhe kumhlinzeki wokusingatha noma umnikazi wohlelo lwekhompyutha. Uma umhlinzeki eshaya indiva isicelo, sizothunyelwa ku-opharetha we-telecom.
Lo mthethosivivinywa kulindeleke ukuthi ucutshungulwe ngoMashi. Uhulumeni ezimpendulweni zakhe ufuna kuphothulwe, njengoba kudingeka izindlela zokukhomba umnikazi walolu hlelo kanye nezizathu zezimali nezomnotho.
Isiginesha ye-elekthronikhi
Amasekela aphinde ahlele ukucabangela umthethosivivinywa ekufundweni kwesibili mayelana nokucacisa izizathu zokuqedwa kwesitifiketi esineziqu. Okwamanje, isitifiketi sokusayina siyayeka ukusebenza uma ukugunyazwa kwesikhungo esisikhiphile kuphelelwa yisikhathi. Umthethosivivinywa kufanele uxazulule le nkinga.
Source: www.habr.com