Abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseWaterloo kanye nase-US Naval Research Laboratory bethule imiphumela yokuthuthukiswa kwesifanisi senethiwekhi ye-Tor, eqhathaniswa nenani lama-node nabasebenzisi kunethiwekhi ye-Tor eyinhloko futhi ivumela ukuhlolwa okuseduze nezimo zangempela. Amathuluzi kanye nendlela yokumodela yenethiwekhi elungiselelwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka, kukhompyutha ene-4 TB ye-RAM, ukulingisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yama-Tor nodes angu-6489, lapho abasebenzisi be-virtual abayizinkulungwane ezingu-792 baxhumeke ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Kuyaphawulwa ukuthi lokhu kungukulinganisa kokuqala okuphelele kwenethiwekhi ye-Tor, inani lama-node elihambisana nenethiwekhi yangempela (inethiwekhi ye-Tor esebenzayo inama-node angaba ngu-6 2 kanye nabasebenzisi abaxhunyiwe abayizigidi ezingu-XNUMX). Ukulingiswa okugcwele kwenethiwekhi ye-Tor kuyathakazelisa ngokombono wokuhlonza izingqinamba, ukulingisa ukuziphatha kokuhlasela, ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ezimweni zangempela, nokuhlola imiqondo ehlobene nokuphepha.
Ngesifanisi esigcwele ngokugcwele, abathuthukisi be-Tor bazokwazi ukugwema umkhuba wokwenza izivivinyo kunethiwekhi eyinhloko noma kumanodi omsebenzi ngamunye, okudala izingozi ezengeziwe zokwephula ubumfihlo babasebenzisi futhi zingabandakanyi amathuba okuba nokwehluleka. Isibonelo, ukusekelwa kwephrothokholi entsha yokulawula ukuminyana kulindeleke ukuthi yethulwe e-Tor ezinyangeni ezizayo, futhi ukulingisa kuzosivumela ukuthi sifunde ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwayo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kunethiwekhi yangempela.
Ngokungeziwe ekuqedeni umthelela wokuhlolwa ekugcinweni kuyimfihlo nokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi ye-Tor eyinhloko, ukuba khona kwamanethiwekhi okuhlola ahlukene kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlola nokulungisa amaphutha amakhodi amasha ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthuthukisa, qalisa ngokushesha izinguquko kuwo wonke ama-node nabasebenzisi ilinde ukuphothulwa kokusebenza okumaphakathi okude, yakha ngokushesha futhi uhlole ama-prototypes ngokusebenzisa imibono emisha.
Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe amathuluzi, okuzothi, njengoba kushiwo ngabathuthukisi, kuzonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngezikhathi ze-10 futhi kuzovumela, kumishini efanayo, ukulingisa ukusebenza kwamanethiwekhi aphakeme kunenethiwekhi yangempela, okungase kudingeke. ukukhomba izinkinga ezingaba khona ngokukala kwe-Tor. Umsebenzi uphinde wadala izindlela ezimbalwa zokumodela zenethiwekhi ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukubikezela izinguquko esimweni senethiwekhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokusebenzisa amajeneretha ethrafikhi angemuva ukuze alingise umsebenzi womsebenzisi.
Abacwaningi baphinde bafunda iphethini phakathi kosayizi wenethiwekhi elingisiwe kanye nokuthembeka kokuqagela kwemiphumela yokuhlola kunethiwekhi yangempela. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-Tor, izinguquko nokulungiselelwa kuhlolwa kusengaphambili kumanethiwekhi amancane okuhlola aqukethe ama-node nabasebenzisi abambalwa kakhulu kunenethiwekhi yangempela. Kutholwe ukuthi amaphutha ezibalo ekuqaguleni okutholwe ezilinganisweni ezincane anganxeshezelwa ngokuphinda izivivinyo ezizimele izikhathi eziningi ngamasethi ahlukene edatha yasekuqaleni, uma kubhekwa ukuthi inkulu inethiwekhi elingisiwe, ukuhlola okuphindaphindiwe okumbalwa kuyadingeka ukuze kutholwe iziphetho ezibalulekile zezibalo.
Ukumodela nokulingisa inethiwekhi ye-Tor, abacwaningi bakha amaphrojekthi ambalwa avulekile asatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-BSD:
- I-Shadow iyisifanisi senethiwekhi yendawo yonke ekuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ikhodi yohlelo lokusebenza lwenethiwekhi yangempela ukuze udale kabusha amasistimu asabalalisiwe ngezinkulungwane zezinqubo zenethiwekhi. Ukulingisa amasistimu ngokususelwe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela, ezingashintshiwe, i-Shadow isebenzisa amasu okulingisa ikholi yesistimu. Ukusebenzisana kwenethiwekhi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza endaweni yokulingisa kwenziwa ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-VPN kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilingisi zezivumelwano zenethiwekhi ezijwayelekile (TCP, UDP). Isekela ukulingisa ngokwezifiso kwezici zenethiwekhi ezibonakalayo njengokulahleka kwephakethe nokubambezeleka kokulethwa. Ngokungeziwe ekuhloleni nge-Tor, kwenziwa umzamo wokuthuthukisa i-plugin ye-Shadow ukuze ilingise inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin, kodwa le phrojekthi ayizange ithuthukiswe.
- I-Tornettools iyikhithi yamathuluzi yokukhiqiza amamodeli angokoqobo enethiwekhi ye-Tor angasetshenziswa endaweni Yethunzi, kanye nokwethula nokumisa inqubo yokulingisa, ukuqoqa kanye nokubona imiphumela. Amamethrikhi abonisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ye-Tor yangempela angasetshenziswa njengezifanekiso zokwenziwa kwenethiwekhi.
- I-TGen iwumthombo wokugeleza kwethrafikhi ngokusekelwe kumapharamitha acaciswe umsebenzisi (usayizi, ukubambezeleka, inani lokugeleza, njll.). Izikimu zokwakheka kwethrafikhi zingacaciswa zombili ngokusekelwe emibhalweni ekhethekile yefomethi ye-GraphML futhi kusetshenziswa amamodeli we-Markov okungenzeka ukuthi asabalalise ukugeleza namaphakethe we-TCP.
- I-OnionTrace iyithuluzi lokulandelela ukusebenza nemicimbi kunethiwekhi ye-Tor elingisiwe, kanye nokurekhoda nokudlala kabusha ulwazi olumayelana nokwakhiwa kwamaketanga ama-Tor node kanye nokwabela ukugeleza kwethrafikhi kuwo.
Source: opennet.ru