Sanibonani nonke.
Esikhathini esingaphezudlwana konyaka odlule kwadingeka ngibhekane nento engathandeki njengezinsolo zokungenwa amarabi. Funda izolo kwangikhumbuza lelo cala - ikakhulukazi ngokungakhulunywa ngamarabi, nakuba lisakazeke kakhulu (ikakhulukazi eRussia, e-Asia, e-Afrika naseMelika) kanye negciwane elicashile kakhulu. Ngeshwa, ubungozi obuhlobene nakho abunikezwa ukubaluleka okufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ayini-ke amarabi? Lokhu engelapheki isifo segciwane esisakazwa ngamathe noma igazi lezilwane nabantu abanaleli gciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka kubangelwa ukulunywa kwesilwane esiphethe leli gciwane.
Yini engashiwo umhlali ovamile waseRussia ngamarabi? Hhayi-ke, kukhona isifo esinjalo. Ngokuphathelene nakho, izinja ezinamarabi zivame ukukhunjulwa. Isizukulwane esidala cishe siyonezela ukuthi uma inja enjalo ikuluma, kuzodingeka unikeze imijovo engu-40 esiswini bese ukhohlwa utshwala izinyanga ezimbalwa. Cishe yilokho kuphela.
Ngokumangalisayo, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi amarabi yisifo esibulalayo esingamaphesenti angu-100. Uma igciwane lingene emzimbeni wakho ngandlela thize, “ukubala wehle” kuqala: kancane kancane liphindaphindeke futhi lisakazeke, igciwane lihamba ligudla imicu yezinzwa liye entanjeni yomgogodla nasebuchosheni. "Uhambo" lwayo lungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa - lapho ukulunywa kusondela ekhanda, isikhathi ositholayo sincane. Sonke lesi sikhathi uzozizwa ujwayelekile ngokuphelele, kodwa uma uvumela igciwane ukuthi lifinyelele ekuhlosweni kwalo, ulahliwe. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ngeke usazizwa izimpawu zesifo, kodwa uzobe usuvele ungumthwali wayo: igciwane lizovela ekusithekeni komzimba. Emva kwalokhu, amarabi angabonwa ngokuhlolwa, kodwa sekwephuze kakhulu ukuwelapha kulesi sigaba. Njengoba leli gciwane liphindaphindeka ebuchosheni, ekuqaleni izimpawu zokuqala ezingenangozi ziqala ukubonakala, okuthi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zikhule zibe ukuvuvukala nokukhubazeka kobuchopho okuthuthukayo. Umphumela uhlala ufana - ukufa.
Ukwelapha amarabi kuwumjaho wokufa. Lesi sifo ngeke sikhule kuphela uma ukwazi ukusebenzisa umuthi wokugomela amarabi ngaphambi kokuba igciwane lingene ebuchosheni futhi linikeze isikhathi sokusebenza. Lo mgomo igciwane lamarabi elingacushiwe (elifile) elifakwa emzimbeni ukuze “liqeqeshe” amasosha omzimba ukulwa negciwane elisebenzayo. Ngeshwa, lokhu “kuqeqeshwa” kuthatha isikhathi ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba, kuyilapho igciwane liqhubeka nokufika ebuchosheni bakho. Kukholakala ukuthi akukephuzi kakhulu ukusebenzisa umgomo kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemuva kokulunywa - kodwa kungcono ukwenze kusenesikhathi, okungcono kakhulu ngosuku lokuqala. Uma ufuna usizo ngesikhathi esifanele futhi unikezwa umgomo, umzimba uzokwakha impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba futhi ubhubhise leli gciwane “ngomashi.” Uma ungabaza futhi igciwane likwazi ukungena ebuchosheni ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwempendulo yokuzivikela komzimba, ungabheka indawo emathuneni. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo ngeke kusamiswa.
Njengoba ubona, lesi sifo sibi kakhulu - futhi izinganekwane ezikhona eRussia ngalesi sihloko zibukeka ziyinqaba nakakhulu.
Inganekwane engu-1: Izinja kuphela ezithwala amarabi. Ngezinye izikhathi amakati kanye (kancane kancane) izimpungushe nazo zibizwa ngokuthi abathwali abangaba khona.
Iqiniso elidabukisayo liwukuthi abathwali bamarabi, ngaphezu kwalabo okukhulunywe ngabo, bangaba ezinye izilwane eziningi (ngokuqondile, izilwane ezincelisayo nezinye izinyoni) - ama-raccoon, izinkomo, amagundane, amalulwane, amaqhude, izimpungushe, ngisho nezingwejeje noma ama-hedgehogs.
Inganekwane engu-2: isilwane esinogwaja singabonakala kalula ngokuziphatha kwaso okungafanele (isilwane sinyakaza ngendlela exakile, siyaconsa, sigijimela abantu).
Ngeshwa, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isikhathi sokufukamela samarabi side impela, futhi amathe omuntu ophethe isifo athathelana ezinsukwini ezingu-3-5 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu zokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amarabi angenzeka ngesimo "esithule", futhi isilwane ngokuvamile silahlekelwa ukwesaba futhi siphumela kubantu ngaphandle kokubonisa ngaphandle izimpawu ezisongelayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho elunywe yinoma isiphi isilwane sasendle noma esingaziwa nje (ngisho noma besibukeka siphilile), okuwukuphela kwesenzo esifanele ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, okungcono phakathi nosuku lokuqala, ukuze uthole umuthi wokugomela amarabi.
Inganekwane engu-3: uma inxeba lokulunywa lincane, kwanele nje ukuligeza ngensipho bese ubulala amagciwane.
Mhlawumbe umbono oyiphutha oyingozi kakhulu. Igciwane lamarabi, empeleni, alikubekezeleli ukuthintana nezixazululo ze-alkaline - kodwa ukuze lingene ezicutshini zomzimba, noma yimuphi umonakalo esikhumbeni wanele. Ayikho indlela yokwazi ukuthi ukwazile yini ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuhlanza isilonda.
Inganekwane engu-4: udokotela nakanjani uzokunikeza imijovo ebuhlungu engama-40 esiswini, futhi kuzofanele uye ukuyolanda le mijovo nsuku zonke.
Kwakunjalo ngempela, kodwa ekhulwini elidlule. Imithi yokugomela amarabi esetshenziswa njengamanje idinga imijovo emi-4 kuya kweyisi-6 ehlombe izinsuku ezimbalwa ngokuhlukana, kanye nomjovo ongawukhetha lapho elunywe khona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela (uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo noma isazi se-rabiologist) angase anqume ngokungafaneleki kokugoma, ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokulunywa kanye nesimo se-epidemiological sendawo (kuyahlolwa ukuthi kwakuyisilwane esinjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sasekhaya noma sasendle, kuphi futhi kanjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kurekhodiwe endaweni amacala amarabi nokunye).
Inganekwane engu-5: Umuthi wokugomela amarabi unemiphumela eminingi engemihle futhi ungaze ubulawe yiwo.
Lolu hlobo lomgomo lunayo imiphumela engemihle - lesi yisona sizathu esikhulu esenza abantu bavame ukugonyelwa amarabi hhayi ngendlela yokuvimbela izifo, kodwa kuphela uma kunengozi yokutheleleka. Le “miphumela engemihle” ayijabulisi neze, kodwa ezikhathini eziningi ayihlali isikhathi eside, futhi ukuyibekezelela akulona inani elikhulu kangaka ongalikhokha ukuze uqhubeke uphila. Awukwazi ukubulawa yimigomo ngokwayo, kodwa uma ungayitholi ngemva kokulunywa isilwane esisolisayo noma weqa ukugoma okuphindaphindiwe, ungabulawa amarabi.
Inganekwane engu-6: Uma ubambe noma ubulale isilwane esikulumile asikho isidingo sokuthi ugonywe ngoba odokotela bazokwazi ukukuhlola bathole ukuthi sinamarabi yini.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso elingaphelele. Uma isilwane sibanjwa futhi singabonisi zimpawu zamarabi, singavalelwa, kodwa lokhu ngeke kukusindise ekugomeni. Odokotela bangathatha isinqumo sokusimisa kuphela uma isilwane singaguli noma singafi phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-10 - kodwa lapha ungase ubhekane nenkinga efana ne-atypical rabies. Kulapho isilwane esigulayo siphila khona kakhulu isikhathi eside kunalezo zinsuku eziyi-10 ezifanayo - futhi sonke lesi sikhathi singumthwali wegciwane, ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu zangaphandle zesifo. Awekho amazwana adingekayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokwezibalo, amarabi angavamile ayivelakancane kakhulu - kodwa kusengcono ukuqeda inkambo yokuqala yokugoma kunokuba uphelele kulezo zibalo bese ufakazela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi emhlabeni olandelayo ukuthi kwenzeke iphutha elibi.
Esimeni lapho isilwane sibulawa khona lapho noma sibanjwe futhi sibulawa, ukuhlaziya okunjalo kungenzeka ngokucwaninga kwezingxenye zobuchopho, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani (nokuthi ngabe kuzokwenziwa) kuncike kakhulu lapho konke kwenzeke khona. nalapho uphendukele khona ukuze uthole usizo . Ezimweni eziningi, kuphephe kakhudlwana ukuqala inkambo yokugoma ngokushesha futhi uyimise uma amarabi engaqinisekisiwe ngokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri.
Uma isilwane esikulumile siphunyukile, lokhu kuyinkomba ecacile yokugonywa, futhi udokotela kuphela okufanele ahlole izinga lobungozi lapha. Kunjalo, ukuqeda inkambo yokugoma kungase kube umshuwalense - awunayo indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi isilwane sasingenwe amarabi. Kodwa uma ukugoma kungenziwanga, futhi isilwane sasisengumthwali wegciwane, khona-ke uqinisekisiwe ukufa okubuhlungu emasontweni ambalwa noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Inganekwane engu-7: Uma ulunywe isilwane esinomuthi wokugoma amarabi, ukugoma akudingeki.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso, kodwa hhayi njalo. Umgomo kufanele, okokuqala, ubhalwe phansi (uqoshwe esitifiketini sokugoma), futhi okwesibili, akufanele uphelelwe yisikhathi noma unikezwe ngaphansi kwenyanga ngaphambi kwesigameko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe konke kuhamba kahle ngokusho kwemibhalo, kodwa isilwane siziphatha ngendlela engafanele, kufanele uthintane nodokotela futhi ulandele izincomo zakhe.
Inganekwane engu-8: Ungangenwa amarabi ngokuthinta isilwane esigulayo, noma uma sikunwaya noma sikukhotha.
Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Igciwane lamarabi alikwazi ukuba khona endaweni engaphandle, ngakho-ke alikwazi ukuba esikhumbeni/eboyeni besilwane noma ezinzipho (isibonelo, zekati). Izwakala kahle ematheni, kodwa ayikwazi ukungena ngesikhumba esiphelele. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokugcina, kufanele ugeze ngokushesha ngensipho futhi ukhiphe amagciwane endaweni emanzi yesikhumba, emva kwalokho kufanele uthintane nodokotela futhi umvumele anqume ngesidingo sokuqhubeka.
Inganekwane engu-9: Ngesikhathi nangemva kokugoma amarabi, akufanele uphuze utshwala, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzonciphisa umphumela womgomo.
Asikho isisekelo sesayensi sezinsolo zokuthi utshwala buvimba ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba ngesikhathi sokugoma amarabi. Le ndaba esabekayo isabalele kuphela emazweni ayengaphansi kwe-USSR yangaphambili. Imvamisa, odokotela abangaphandle kwekamu langaphambili le-socialist abakaze bezwe ngokuvinjelwa okunjalo, futhi imiyalelo yemithi yokugomela amarabi ayinakho ukuphikisana okuhlobene notshwala.
Le ndaba esabekayo ibuyela ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, lapho kusetshenziswa imigomo yesizukulwane esedlule, empeleni eyayijovwe esiswini izinsuku ezingu-30-40 zilandelana. Ukweqiwa komjovo olandelayo, ngaleso sikhathi namanje, kuyingozi yokungawuboni umphumela wokugoma, futhi ukudakwa kungesinye sezizathu ezivamile zokungabonisi kudokotela.
Inganekwane engu-10: Amarabi ayelapheka. AbaseMelika belapha intombazane egulayo besebenzisa iMilwaukee Protocol ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu zalesi sifo.
Lokhu kuyimpikiswano kakhulu. Ngempela, indlela enjalo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu (cishe i-$ 800000) indlela yokwelapha amarabi esigabeni sokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu ikhona, kodwa izimo ezimbalwa kuphela zokusetshenziswa kwayo ngempumelelo ziye zaqinisekiswa emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isayensi namanje ayikwazi ukuchaza ukuthi ihluke kanjani ezimeni eziningi lapho ukwelashwa ngaphansi kwalesi sivumelwano kungazange kulethe imiphumela. Ngakho-ke, akufanele uthembele ku-Milwaukee Protocol - amathuba okuphumelela lapho ahamba cishe ku-5%. Okuwukuphela kwendlela eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni nesebenzayo yokugwema amarabi uma esengozini yokutheleleka kusewukugoma okufika ngesikhathi.
Sengiphetha, ngizokutshela indaba efundisayo. Ngihlala eJalimane, futhi lapha, njengasemazweni amaningi angomakhelwane, amarabi “endawo” ezilwaneni (futhi, ngokufanelekile, amacala okutheleleka kwabantu) sekuyisikhathi eside aqedwa ngenxa yemizamo kahulumeni nezinhlangano zezempilo. Kodwa "okungenisiwe" ngezinye izikhathi kuyavuza. Icala lokugcina lalineminyaka engaba ngu-8 edlule: indoda yangeniswa esibhedlela ngezikhalazo zokushisa okukhulu, ama-spasms lapho igwinya kanye nezinkinga zokuxhumanisa ukunyakaza. Phakathi nenqubo yokuthatha umlando, wathi ezinyangeni ezi-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifo wabuya ohambweni lwase-Afrika. Ngokushesha wahlolelwa amarabi futhi umphumela waba ukuthi unayo. Kamuva isiguli sakwazi ukutshela ukuthi silunywe yinja phakathi nohambo, kodwa asizange sikubeke ukubaluleka kwalokhu futhi asizange siye ndawo. Ngokushesha le ndoda yashonela ewodini elingalodwa. Futhi zonke izinsizakalo zendawo ze-epidemiological, kuze kufike eMnyangweni Wezempilo, zase zisezindlebeni zazo ngaleso sikhathi - namanje, icala lokuqala lamarabi ezweni ngoba uNkulunkulu uyazi ukuthi mingaki iminyaka ... Benza umsebenzi we-titanic, ngaphakathi Izinsuku ezi-3 ngithola futhi ngigoma wonke umuntu umufi ayexhumene naye ngemuva kokubuya kulolo hambo olubi.
Ungakunaki ukulunywa ezilwaneni, ngisho nezilwane ezifuywayo, uma zingagonyiwe - ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho amarabi evame khona. Udokotela kuphela ongenza isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nesidingo sokugoma esimweni ngasinye. Ngokuvumela lokhu kwenzeke, ubeka impilo yakho kanye nezimpilo zabathandekayo bakho engcupheni.
Source: www.habr.com