Unyaka omusha usuqalile - sekuyisikhathi sokwenza izinhlelo. Yini esilindele kulo nyaka? Imiphi imikhiqizo emisha nezinguquko okufanele uzilungiselele? Sihlanganise isibikezelo sethu sezitayela eziphambili kanye nezinguquko ezingaba khona emkhakheni we-IT. Futhi ekupheleni konyaka kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukukhumbula nokuqhathanisa okulindelwe namuhla namaqiniso afeziwe.
Ukuzenzakalela kwezinqubo zokuphendula ezehlakalweni zokuphepha kolwazi
Ngo-2020, silindele ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuzenzakalela kwezinqubo zokuphepha kolwazi. Okokuqala, kuzothinta izinqubo zokuphendula izehlakalo zokuphepha kolwazi. Lokhu kuzoba ukuqhubeka okuphusile kwethrendi eya ekudaleni Isikhungo Sokusebenza Kwezokuphepha (SOC). Izinhlangano eziningi sezivele zisebenzise izinhlelo zokuqoqa nokuhlobanisa imicimbi (Ulwazi Lokuvikeleka Nokuphathwa Kwemicimbi - SIEM), ezimele umnyombo wezobuchwepheshe wezikhungo ezinjalo. Manje lezi zinhlelo seziqala ukuthola ukusebenza okwengeziwe.
Isibonelo, izixazululo zekilasi ze-SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation and Response) zisetshenziselwa ukwenza impendulo yesigameko ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokuhlanganiswa kwazo kokugcina nezinhlelo zokuphepha zolwazi, ukusebenza okujwayelekile kuyasheshiswa ngokuphindwe kashumi, isibonelo, ukulayisha/ukulanda uhlu lwabasingathi abasengozini phakathi kwezinhlelo ezihlukene zokuphepha zolwazi.
Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke inqubo yokuphendula kokubili ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe (akuwona wonke amathuluzi okuphepha ane-API efanelekile yalokhu) futhi kusukela endaweni yokubuka ye-methodological (imisebenzi eminingi idinga ukucatshangelwa okucatshangelwe ngabahlaziyi), kodwa impendulo okuzenzakalelayo kuwumkhuba ongenamibandela ekuvikelekeni kolwazi ngo-2019-2020.
Ukuvikelwa kokuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okuphepha ezindaweni zokuqukatha
Ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela izindawo zokuqukatha buzoqhubeka nokuduma. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinhlanganweni eziningi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhasimende kwenziwa ekwakhiweni kwe-microservice, ehlala ishintsha futhi idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezivikelo zokumbondelana ezingasebenza ezingeni le-containerization system. Ngokuhambisana nendlela ethandwa kakhulu ye-DevSecOps, ukuvikela okuphelele kwamathuluzi okuthuthukisa nentuthuko kungenye yezindlela eziphambili zika-2020.
Idatha enkulu
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-Big Data ibe isihloko esisemfashinini - ibhizinisi lonke belibheke kuleli cala, lihlola amathuba obuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yalokho, amaphrojekthi aqala ukusebenzisa i-Data Lakes esebenzisa Idatha Enkulu. Nokho, izinzuzo ezingokoqobo zalokhu ngokuvamile zaziba ngaphansi kunokulindelekile. Idatha engena echibini ingeyekhwalithi ephansi, ingamanga noma ayihambisani nemisebenzi eyadalelwa yona ichibi. Futhi manje, ekugcineni, le nkinga isicacele umphakathi jikelele.
Singasho ukuthi i-2020 izoba unyaka wokulwela ubumsulwa nekhwalithi yedatha ngosizo lwamathuluzi we-IT nezinyathelo zenhlangano. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ububanzi be-Big Data buzoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi isimo sengqondo mayelana nobuchwepheshe sizoba yinto engokoqobo. Izosetshenziswa futhi ithuthukiswe ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezithile, hhayi ngoba kuyimfashini.
Ukusebenzisana kwamakhasimende ezitolo
Uma unyaka wonke ka-2019 ukuthengisa kusebenze ku-omnichannel - ukuxhumana neklayenti ngeziteshi ezahlukahlukene, okumenza ajabule futhi acebe, manje lo mkhakha uhloselwe ukwakha isu lesikhathi eside lokuphatha ulwazi lwamakhasimende (CX, Okuhlangenwe nakho Kwekhasimende).
Imboni iphinde yagxila ekutholeni izikhala phakathi kwemikhiqizo/izinsizakalo ezinikezwayo kanye nezidingo zangempela zamakhasimende. Izinkampani sezimi ngomumo ukuthuthukisa izinsiza kanye neziteshi zokuxhumana ebezingajwayelekile ngaphambilini ezidayiseni, okuholela ekwenziweni kahle kwenkomba yomzamo wamakhasimende (CES, I-Customer Effort Score), futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ekushintsheni kwekhwalithi embonini kanye nokwanda ikhasimende LTV.
Ukuthuthukiswa
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-containation kanye nama-microservices kuyaqhubeka. Uma eminyakeni edlule bekunamaphrojekthi angawodwa kusetshenziswa lobu buchwepheshe, nakuba obusezingeni eliphezulu, kulo nyaka izoba yinsakavukela.
Uma kukhulunywa ngomthwalo omkhulu, izinhlelo ezibucayi zebhizinisi, izidingo zokuphepha, ukwethembeka, ukusebenza, ukuguquguquka kokushintsha, kanye nesivinini sokumaketha ukuze uthole izibuyekezo kuzodinga kakhulu intuthuko, ukusebenza, ukuphepha, ibhizinisi, kanye ne-QA ukuze kusebenze ngandlela thile. iqembu kanye ne-logic eyodwa ye-DevSecOps.
Ukufunda ngomshini
Ukwamukelwa ngobuningi bokufunda komshini kuvame ukuphazanyiswa yizinyathelo zenhlangano ezihambisana nenqubo yokuqalisa. Yilapho izinguquko ezinkulu zizokwenzeka khona.
Inselele eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nokushintsha idatha. Ungasebenza kanjani ngemodeli lapho idatha yomlando iphelelwe isikhathi noma sekuvele uhlobo olusha lwedatha? Ake sithi umshini omusha onezinzwa ezintsha ufike esitshalweni, umthengisi wengeze isigaba somkhiqizo omusha, njll. Ngakho-ke, kuzokwenziwa umzamo omkhulu emsebenzini wocwaningo emkhakheni we-AutoML kanye nokusebenza ngedatha yokwenziwa.
Smartsourcing
Iminyaka eminingana manje, izinhlangano eziningi ezinkulu bezilokhu zithuthukisa izixazululo ngokuzimela, zibandakanya osonkontileka ngaphakathi kohlaka lokwandiswa kweqembu kanye nokutholwa ngobuhlakani. Le ndlela, ngaphezu kwamandla aziwayo, futhi inebubi: usonkontileka unesibopho kuphela sekhwalithi yochwepheshe abakhokhelwa ku-T&M logic, futhi ohlangothini lwenhlangano, ingxenye yabaphathi yeqembu ingase iphazamiseke eminye imisebenzi futhi ukuntula amanye amakhono. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kwamaphrojekthi futhi kufiphalisa isibopho semiphumela. Manje njengoba izinkinga sezibonakala, le ndawo isizobhekana noguquko. Kancane kancane, amaqembu osonkontileka azokwabelana okungenani ingxenye yesibopho semiphumela yokugcina yamaphrojekthi futhi abambe iqhaza kakhulu ezinqubweni zebhizinisi zenhlangano.
5G
Umhlaba wonke ulindele ukwethulwa komhlaba wonke kwamanethiwekhi esizukulwane sesihlanu. Bazohlinzeka ngesivinini esiphezulu - kufika emashumini e-Gbit/s - kanye nokulibaziseka okuncane kokudlulisela isignali, futhi bazophinde baphushe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-IoT nokuxhumana komshini nomshini kukho konke ukubonakaliswa kwayo.
Emadolobheni aseRussia anabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, izinga elisha lokuxhumana kwamaselula lihlelelwe ukwethulwa ngo-2020. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezokuxhumana Kwezokuxhumana kanye Nezokuxhumana, okungenani amadolobha ayisishiyagalombili aseRussia azokhavwa. Izindawo zokusekela ze-9G ezingu-5 zomshayeli sezivele zethuliwe eMoscow.
Ngendlela, amacala okuqala aphumelele okusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe abuyele ku-2018, lapho i-MegaFon ne-Huawei bebonisa i-ultrasound ekude kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulandelana kofuzo kumanethiwekhi we-5G. Futhi ngo-2019, umqhudelwano wokuqala we-5G eSports wenzeka - futhi kuze kube manje lena ukuphela kwephrojekthi yokuhlola esebenzisa kwangempela ubuchwepheshe be-5G ne-Cloud Gaming emkhakheni wokuzijabulisa kwedijithali. Umcimbi wenzeke njengengxenye yokusakazwa komqhudelwano omkhulu we-Dota2 The International 2019.
I-Wi-Fi 6
Izinga elisha le-Wi-Fi 6 linyusa kakhulu ukuminyana kokuxhumeka, okusho ukuthi indawo ngayinye yokufinyelela izokwazi ukusekela ababhalisile abengeziwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni ukufinyelela okungenantambo ezikhungweni zezitolo ezinkulu, ezikhumulweni zezindiza kanye nasemadolobheni ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, e-Russia, isidingo se-Wi-Fi 6 sizokwakheka kancane kakhulu kunaphesheya, njengoba izixazululo ezisekelwe ku-Wi-Fi 6 zakhiwe kakhulu ngabathengisi bangaphandle abanombono omude wokuhlela. Isithiyo esingaba khona ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga elisha ukuntuleka kwezinzuzo ezisobala kubantu ngabanye kanye nezingxenye ezithile zebhizinisi. Nokho, i-Wi-Fi 6 ibalulekile uma usebenzisa imiqondo ye-Smart City ne-IIoT. Umphumela obambekayo wokushintshela ezingeni elisha uzobonakala kuphela uma wonke amadivayisi enethiwekhi esekela i-Wi-Fi 6 - silindele ukuthuthukiswa kwale nqubo ngo-2020.
Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi
"Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi," ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi "ingqalasizinda ehlelekayo," iyimodeli efanisa inqubo yokusetha ingqalasizinda nenqubo yesofthiwe yokuhlela. Empeleni, isiqalile ukususa imingcele phakathi kokubhala izinhlelo zokusebenza nokudala izindawo zalezo zinhlelo zokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zingaqukatha izikripthi ezidala ezazo imishini ebonakalayo futhi uziphathe. Lesi yisisekelo se-cloud computing kanye nengxenye ebalulekile ye-DevOps.
Ingqalasizinda njengeKhodi ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe imishini ebonakalayo ezingeni lesofthiwe. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokucushwa okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nezibuyekezo zezingxenye zehadiwe ngayinye.
Ingqalasizinda iba nokunwebeka ngokwedlulele, okusho ukuthi, iyakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha futhi ikhule. Umsebenzisi oyedwa, esebenzisa isethi efanayo yekhodi, angasebenzisa futhi aphathe umshini owodwa noma inkulungwane. Izinzuzo zale ndlela zihlanganisa isivinini, ukuphumelela kwezindleko kanye nokunciphisa ingozi.
Ihlakaniphile yonke into
Amasistimu wobunjiniyela namagajethi anikezwe “ingqondo” bese eqala ukuhlaziya idatha evela ngaphandle. I-smart toaster, i-smart CCTV, izigqoko eziqinile zamabhizinisi ezinye zezibonelo zezinto ezithuthukisiwe. Le ndlela ikhulisa ukulawuleka nokusebenza kahle kwamadivayisi futhi ivumela ukudalwa kwe-ecosystem yemishini nezinto ezivela emhlabeni ongaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ezingaxhumana ku-inthanethi kokubili komunye nomunye kanye nomnikazi wazo.
Source: www.habr.com
